Download CST Review Questions for mini

CST Review Questions for mini-notebook
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What parts are essential for a good scientific experiment?
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
Why are models used in science?
How does temperature or acidity affect proteins?
What is an enzyme? How is a specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific reaction?
What are the subunits of each of the following macromolecules: carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and
fats?
Differentiate between the different types of eukaryotes: plants, animals, and protists.
Differentiate between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Describe how the cell membrane is semi-permeable.
What are the different organelles of a eukaryotic cell? What are the functions of each organelle?
What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? Explain the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis.
What is aerobic respiration? Where does it take place in cells?
Explain meiosis. What is made at the end of meiosis? Where does meiosis occur in the body?
If a corn plant has a genotype of TtYy, what are the possible genetic combinations present in a single grain
of pollen from this plant?
What is crossing over? When does it occur? Why does it occur?
Describe the amount of chromosomes in an egg or sperm cell. How does that compare to a fertilized
embryo?
In fruit flies, the gene for red eyes (R) is dominant and the gene for sepia eyes (r) is recessive. What are the
possible combinations of genes in the offspring of two re-eyed heterozygous flies (Rr)?
In certain breeds of dogs, deafness is due to a recessive allele (d) of a particular gene, and normal hearing is
due to its dominant allele (D). What percentage of the offspring of a normal heterozygous (Dd) dog and a
deaf dog (dd) would be expected to have normal hearing?
In cats, black fur (B) is dominant to white fur (b) and short hair (S) is dominant to long fur (s). What are the
phenotypes of offspring from a cross between BbSs and bbSS?
What are sex-linked traits? Who is more likely to have them, males or females? Why?
A healthy individual is a carrier of a lethal allele but is unaffected by it. What is the probable genotype of
this individual? Explain why they are unaffected by this lethal allele. Explain the alleles that they could
pass on to their offspring.
Explain Mendel’s 3 Laws.
Differentiate between co-dominance and incomplete dominance.
What are multiple alleles? Give an example.
A strand of mRNA contains the sequence AAGAAGAAGAAG. What amino acid sequence does it code
for? How many amino acids does it code for?
What causes mutations? What are the different types of mutations? Are all mutations harmful? Explain why
or why not.
Although there are a limited number of amino acids, why do many more different types of proteins exist?
Describe the steps of DNA replication.
Describe the steps of protein synthesis.
What is genetic engineering? How does it work?
Differentiate between biotic and abiotic environmental factors.
Make a food chain that includes a producer, a primary consumer, secondary consumer, and tertiary
consumer. Describe what would happen if the primary consumers were all destroyed?
What is the order of succession in the repopulation of an area after a volcanic eruption?
What four factors affect population size?
What is the carbon cycle?
What is an energy pyramid? What types of organisms are at the top and bottom of this pyramid?
What causes geographic isolation? How does it affect a species?
What is natural selection?
What is biodiversity? Why is it important for a species to have biodiversity? How would a mass extinction
affect biodiversity?
What is genetic drift? How does it affect a population?
What causes speciation?
In order for the body to maintain homeostasis, what process follows the chemical decomposition of food to
produce energy?
What body systems are involved in removing carbon dioxide from the body?
What signals from the nervous system does the respiratory system depend on in order to function?
What is a reflex arc?
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What is the fight-or-flight response? What causes this response?
What organ secretes hormones to regulate the rate of metabolism of the body?
What is the function of the nervous system?
What are sensory neurons?
What is the function of the skin as a part of the immune system?
How do vaccines work in protecting the body from pathogens?
Why can’t a person get sick from the exact same disease twice?
What is a virus?
Explain whether antibiotics will work better to treat bacteria or viruses?
Explain why individuals with HIV/AIDS contract rare diseases?