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CHAPTER 4 Learning Targets The Cell in Action (LS 2a, LS 3b, LS 6b) NAME ________KEY__________________ DATE ___________________ Block _____ You should be able to: (Chapter 4 Section 1 and 2) 1. __________ Describe why diffusion occurs. Diffusion occurs because molecules are trying to spread out as far as possible (and eventually reaching equilibrium.) 2. __________ Explain why energy is not required for diffusion. Energy is not required for diffusion because molecules are constantly moving. 3. __________ Identify the direction of diffusion if given two different solutions. For example: What direction will the water move in the following picture (assume the membrane is selectively permeable to water, x)? x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x o x o x x x x x x x o x o x o x x x x x x x x o x o x x x x x x x x o x o x o 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Water molecules can move through the semi-permeable membrane and so they move from their area of high concentration (left side) to their area of lower concentration (right side) __________ Explain how a semipermeable membrane works. A semi-permeable membrane controls what enters and leaves by size of the molecule. Only the smallest molecules can enter through the phospholipids. Larger molecules may have to enter through a protein doorway or by endocytosis. __________ Explain the effect of diffusion on size of cell. If water diffuses into a cell, the cell will get larger. If water diffuses out of a cell, the cell will get smaller. __________ Identify which molecules can diffuse through the phospholipids. Water and oxygen __________ Identify which molecules can diffuse through protein doorways. Sugar and amino acids __________ Describe passive transport. Does it use energy? It is the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. It does not use energy. __________ Describe active transport. Does it use energy? It is the movement of molecules from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration. It does use energy. 10. __________ Describe endocytosis and exocytosis. Endocytosis is bringing large molecules into the cell by the cell membrane surrounding the molecules and folding inward into a vesicle that breaks off from the cell membrane inside the cell. Exocytosis is removing large molecules from the cell by a vesicle merging with the cell membrane and pouring the large molecule outside the cell. 11. __________ Identify whether endocytosis and exocytosis require energy. Endocytosis and exocytosis both require energy. 12. __________ Describe what occurred in the egg diffusion lab and why it occurred. Day 1 to Day 2 egg got much larger because vinegar/water diffused from the vinegar (high concentration of water) into the egg (low concentration of water). Day 2 to Day 3 egg got much smaller because vinegar/water diffused from the egg (high concentration of water) into corn syrup (low concentration of water).