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NAME _______________________________ “GENETICS STIX” Adapted from Morris Williamson of Esmond School INTRODUCTION: Genetics is the study of how traits are inherited. Gregor Mendel was the pioneer of genetics in the mid-19th century and made many observations that explain the inheritance of traits today. OBJECTIVE: Using popsicle sticks, the activity aims to provide a kinesthetic, visual approach to help learn the role of genes in inheritance; understand the role of dominant and recessive genes, and to understand the role of chance in the inheritance of traits. MATERIALS: 6 popsicle sticks per group of 2 Length of masking tape Colored marker or pen 1 sheet of construction paper 1 pair of scissors Pencil – to record answers to lab questions DIRECTIONS: 1) Take 6 popsicle sticks and do the following: - Take 2 sticks and break them in half to make 4 short sticks - Keep 4 popsicle sticks the full length - Each PAIR of sticks of the same size represent one chromosome. 2N= 4. 2) Take pieces of masking tape and wrap it around each individual stick at the same location like pictured below: 3) Take the 4 largest sticks, with the marker/pen, on one pair write a capital letter T on the masking tape section of each one, like shown below: On the other pair, write the lower case letter t on each one. On one pair of smaller sticks, write a capital letter P on the masking tape of each one. On the other pair of small sticks, write a small script p on the tape. Answer the following questions: a) Each pair of sticks represents a _________________________. b) Two sticks of the same size & containing the same types of characteristics are called ________________________. c) Each piece of tape represents the location of a _______________________, which is a section of DNA that codes for a trait. d) The letters you wrote on the tape represent ________________________, which are the different possible forms of a particular gene. Genotype: genetic makeup of an organism; its combination of alleles Phenotype: observable traits of an organism Recessive: an allele that is masked in the phenotype if dominant allele is present T: tall plant Homozygous: having identical alleles for a gene Heterozygous: having different alleles for a gene Dominant: a genetic feature that hides the recessive trait in the phenotype of an organism t: short plant P: purple flowers p: white flowers Using the definitions below, make the following observations about your chromosomes: f) Are your chromosomes homozygous or heterozygous? g) What is the phenotype of your “T T” pair?___________________ h) What is the phenotype of you “t t” pair? ___________________ i) What is the phenotype of your “P P” pair? ___________________ j) What is the phenotype of your “p p” pair? ___________________ 4) Follow the steps on meiosis using the construction paper as the “cell”. Remember PMAT I and PMAT II. Use the scissors to cut the “cell” for cytokinesis I and II. 5) Once you have made “gametes”, write the LETTERS in their proper capitalization or lower case form and write them in the circles below: 6) Take one of the “gametes” and “fertilize” it with one of the gametes from the other group. Arrange the sticks in homologous pairs. 7) For your longest chromosome, write the genotype of the alleles here: ____________ What is the phenotype for this trait?: ______________________ 8) For your longest chromosome, write the genotype of the alleles here: ____________ What is the phenotype for this trait?: ______________________