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Exam II Review – some helpful hints
The closed-book exam will consist of true/false, matching, fill-in-the-blank and multiple choice questions which
draw from your knowledge, intelligence and creativity. Know the material below and you will be in great shape for
the upcoming exam!
---Where does translation occur?
What is the function of a ribosome?
What is the shape of a tRNA molecule?
What is the role of tRNA in translation?
Both AAU and AAC code for asparagine. For this reason the genetic code is said to be…
A carrot plant can express a bacterial gene. For this reason the code is said to be…
What signals the termination of translation?
The peptide bond forms between what 2 substituents of 2 amino acids?
An alpha helix and a beta-pleated sheet are what types of protein structure?
What represents the primary structure of a protein?
Which enzyme “charges” a tRNA molecule with the appropriate amino acid?
During translation, do mRNA codons bind to complementary tRNA anticodons?
What direction is mRNA made from DNA? What direction are polypeptides made from mRNA?
What is the Shine-Dalgarno sequence? Is it necessary for the initiation of protein synthesis in prokaryotes?
What is the complementary codon to an anti-codon sequence?
What is the start codon? What are the stop codons?
Termination or stop codons differ from other codons in that…
Understand the concept of the “genetic code.”
What is the quaternary structure of a protein directly associated with?
What site on the ribosome does the initiator tRNA bind to?
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I will give you an mRNA sequence; you will indicate how many amino acids are encoded in the polypeptide.
A polyribosome would be found in which of the following types of cells?
What mutation causes an addition or deletion of one or two base pairs in a gene?
What mutation changes a codon from one that represents an amino acid to one that signals a chain termination?
What mutation causes no detectable change in the function of the protein?
What mutation changes a codon from one amino acid to another?
What mutation causes a change in a single base pair?
What commonly causes Thymine dimers?
How do mutations occur?
Spontaneous mutation rates are greatly reduced by?
Are somatic mutations inherited by the next generation?
Know the Ames test…
What is the difference between a transition or a transversion mutation. (apply it to a given sequence)
Know what mutations the following mutagens produce: EMS, Nitrous acid, 5-bromouracil, Nitrogen mustards.
The enzyme glycosylase uses which repair mechanism(s) to repair mutations?
Xeroderma pigmentosum is a human genetic disease most caused by?
An intercalating agent causes DNA mutation by?
The conversion of cytosine to uracil in DNA is an example of?
A mutation during DNA replication causes a single G to be inserted after the first base of the codon for tryptophan.
How will this affect the growing polypeptide chain?
A plasmid used as a cloning vector in E. coli must have…
Successful insertion of a DNA fragment into the polylinker region of pBluescript II is detected by?
Understand the concept of (restriction enzyme produced) DNA fragment separation by gel electrophoresis.
In addition to restriction enzymes, which enzyme(s) are required to insert a fragment of DNA into a cloning vector?
What is complementary DNA (cDNA) produced from (what is the substrate)?
Does sequence similarity between genes play an important role in assigning gene function?
Understand the concept of site-directed mutagenesis.
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Understand Southern, Western and Northern blotting assay.
Understand the processes of transformation, transfection, conjujation and transduction.
Understand the different types of recognition sequences for restriction enzymes (not the actual sequences).
Why has the Polymerase Chain Reaction revolutionized genetics? What does it do?
In gel electrophoresis, which DNA fragment (in terms of size) would migrate further from the sample well?
Understand gene knockout technology (in general, not the specific players).
Can knockout mice serve as model organisms for study of human disease?
Is “Humulin” an insulin created by recombinant DNA technology?
What is needed for a PCR reaction?
Understand applications for Genetic testing (who are candidates to be tested with this technique).
What is a cDNA library?
Can somatic cell gene therapy result in a cure for a genetic disease in an individual as well as any progeny produced
by the individual?
What is the name of the resolving method using X-ray film that is used to identify the position of radiolabeled
molecules on a gel?
What is the term for DNA fragments generated by restriction enzymes?
What clinical technique involves the introduction of cloned genes into living cells to cure disease?
What technique employs the movement of macromolecules in an electrical field?
What technique is used to generate copies of a DNA fragment?
What is the screening procedure used to assay DNA fragments?
Bacteria employ what DNA modification to protect their DNA from restriction enzyme damage?
In a gene sequence, the DNA codon for tryptophan (Trp) experiences a mutation at the second base position, changing it
to C. What will the resulting amino acid be?
The subfield of genomics that deals with gene expression and interaction is?
What is a transposon?
Understand the steps (process) of the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Thermal Cycling.
What drug is added to mouse cell cultures to select against those transformants that do not have the desired gene
knockout (eliminate those obtained from non-homologous recombination)?
What is a transgene?
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What is Pharmacogenomics?
Vectors capable of entering two or more different host organisms are known as…
Understand the “Secretory Pathway” for protein expression.
Is a cointegrate characteristic of replicative transposition?
Which restriction enzyme(s) leave blunt ends (XbaI, SmaI, EcoRI, BamHI)?
What does linkage disequilibrium refer to?
What are ASO probes used for?
Understand the yeast two-hybrid assay. How does the assay function?
What are some goals of the Human Genome Project?
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