Download Mid-Term Review L4

Biology - Level 4
Mid-Term Review Topics
As you study for your mid-terms, some important things to remember:
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The Mid-Term covers the following units:
o Origins of Life
o Origins of Current Life
o What Are We?
o How Are Genes Expressed?
o How Are Traits Passed?
o How Do I Grow?
Objectives for each unit are posted on Ms.Leshay’s website if you are missing them
All your tests, quizzes, and papers are in your folders – feel free to take them (leave the
manila folder though!) to study from
Know your vocab! Vocab will help you understand what the questions are asking – if you
don’t understand the question, it makes it much more difficult to answer it.
The test will be 100 multiple choice questions and a few open response
Major things to consider in each unit… (But not the only things – these will get you started
though! Make sure you use your objectives and other materials…)
 Origins of Life
o What theories exist as to how life on Earth began?
o What did early life on Earth “look” like?
o What are the two types of cells that exist?
o What are major differences between plant and animal cells?
o What are the major organelles and their functions of eukaryotic cells?
o Is a virus alive? Why or why not?
o What are the two types of life cycles that viruses can have?
o What is the basic make-up of a virus?
 Origins of Current Life
o What does the fossil record suggest about life on Earth?
o Why was Lucy an important discovery to scientists?
o What patterns of evolution exist?
o What is the difference between homologous structures, analogous structures, and
vestigial structures?
o What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Does it happen often?
o What disrupts genetic equilibrium?
o What is a species?
o What is the difference between pre-zygotic and post-zygotic barriers?
o What are the three modes of speciation? Describe each.
o How can hybrids exist?
o What contributions did Cuvier, Lyell, Malthus, Darwin and Wallace make?
o What was the public view on evolution at the time Darwin published?
o What are the six parts to natural selection? Describe each.
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What Are We?
o What are the levels of classification used? (K, P, C, O, F, G, S)
o How are levels “related” to each other?
o What is binomial nomenclature?
o What are the three domains? What are the six kingdoms?
How Are Genes Expressed?
o Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.
o Describe the three types of RNA.
o Describe the steps to transcription and translation. What is the end product?
o What is a codon? An anti-codon?
o What are the three types of mutations discussed?
o Describe the types of gene mutations discussed.
o Describe the types of chromosome mutations discussed.
o Be able to explain how mutations relate to Cystic Fibrosis, Turner Syndrome,
Klinefelter Syndrome, and Sickle Cell.
How Are Traits Passed?
o Identify the major parts of the reproductive system.
o Describe the function of the major hormones of the reproductive system.
o What is the difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction?
o What is a chromosomes and what are the different parts of the chromosome?
o What are the phases of meiosis and what occurs at each phase?
o Why is the work done by Mendel so important to genetics?
o What is the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance?
o What are sex-linked traits and who is most likely to express these traits?
o What is the difference between polygenic inheritance and multiple alleles?
o How do you use a monohybrid cross? A dihybrid cross?
How Do I Grow?
o Explain the structure of DNA and the components that make up DNA.
o How does DNA replicate? Why is it important for DNA to replicate?
o What are the phases of mitosis and what occurs at each phase?
o How do mitosis and meiosis differ?
o What types of cells undergo mitosis? What types of cells undergo meiosis?