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Lymphatic and immune system BY: JACOB B, SAMEA A What is your Immune System? The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. What is it made up of? The thymus The spleen The lymph system Bone marrow The white blood cells Antibodies The complement system Hormones Overall these are all Tissues organs and cells, White Blood Cells White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. In normal adult bodies there are 4,000 to 10,000 (average 7,000) white blood cells per microliter of blood. If the number of white blood cells in your blood increases, it is a sign of an infection somewhere in the body. Red Blood Cells Red blood cells play an important role in your health by carrying fresh oxygen throughout the body. Red blood cells are round with a flattish, indented center, like doughnuts without a hole. Your healthcare provider can check on the size, shape, and health of your red blood cells using tests, such as the complete blood count screening. Adult humans have roughly 20–30 × 1012 (20–30 trillion) red blood cells at any given time, comprising approximately one quarter of the total human body cell number The Four Main Types of Germs Germs are found all over the world, in all kinds of places. The four major types of germs are: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. They can invade plants, animals, and people, and sometimes they make us sick. Scientific Names* Lymphatic System The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system and a vital part of the immune system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph directionally towards the heart. What does it do? The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted materials. The primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body. *Cycle of Lymphatic system Lymph Node Cancer Lymphoma is a group of blood cell tumors that develop from lymphocytes. The name often refers to just the cancerous ones rather than all such tumors. Signs and symptoms may include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, drenching sweats, unintended weight loss, itching, and feeling tired. The enlarged lymph nodes are usually painless. *Most commonly on right side of neck Functions of Tonsils A main function of tonsils is to trap germs (bacteria and viruses) which you may breathe in. Proteins called antibodies produced by the immune cells in the tonsils help to kill germs and help to prevent throat and lung infections. You can normally see your tonsils by opening your mouth wide and looking in a mirror. Tonsillitis Procedure Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infection. Symptoms may include sore throat and fever. When caused by a bacterium belonging to the group A streptococcus, it is typically referred to as strep throat. The overwhelming majority of people recover completely, with or without medication. *In 40% of cases people get your tonsils removed. Antigen – Antibody reaction Antigen – substance that body sees as foreign. Examples – viruses , bacteria toxin, transplant tissue Antigen antibody reaction – a.k.a immune reaction. Binds antigens to antibodies. Labels potentially dangerous antigen so it can be destroyed Ch. 6 Quiz 1. What is the main purpose to the Immune System? 2. The immune system is made up of: A. Tissues B. Organs C. Cells D. All of the above 3. As part of the immune system, white blood cells fight germs. Another name for white blood cells is? 4. The four main types of germs are: •A) Viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi •B) Viruses, parasites, fungi, and protozoa •C) Parasites, bacteria, lymphocytes, and fungi •D) Small, big, large, and extra large Ch. 6 Quiz Cont. 5. True or False, The Immune system is made up of 1 large biological system that goes throughout your entire body to keep your body healthy. 6. What is an example that an Antigen reaction foreign object your body would recognize? A Virus. B. Cancer C. Food D. All of the Above 7. Does your body have more white or red blood cells? CH. 6 Quiz Cont. 8. True or False: Lymphoma is a group of all blood cell tumors. Cancerous and non-cancerous? 9. About how many Red blood cells do you have? A. 10-20Million B. 20-30 Billion C. 20-30 Trillion D. 5-10 Trillion 10. True or false: A raise in white blood cells usually means an infection in your body is somewhere present?