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Scientist who invented PCR and received the Nobel Prize in 1993 ANNEALING Process of H bond formation when complementary base pairs bind DNA PRIMER Short single stranded DNA. Enables DNA polymerase to bind to single-stranded DNA NUCLEOTIDE Organic base, sugar and phosphate; the monomer of DNA AMPLIFICATION Exponential increase in the amount of DNA produced in PCR RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE Enzyme catalysing hydrolysis reaction, breaking sugar-phosphate backbone in the DNA double helix at a specific site DNA polymerase isolated from bacterium and used in PCR Taq POLYMERASE PCR CYCLE The sequence of denaturation, annealing and extension, repeated in PCR Thermus Aquaticus Bacterium which lives in high temperatures such as hot springs; provides enzyme Taq polymerase GENE PROBE Small length of single-stranded DNA used to locate a specific base sequence on a longer section of DNA 95oC FOR 60 s Temperature and time required to separate DNA strands DENATURATION Process of separation of DNA strands 55oC Temperature required to allow primers to anneal dNTP Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate 72oC Temperature required for DNA polymerase to bind and begin working THERMOSTABLE Ability to maintain conformational shape and remain active at high temperatures KARY MULLIS