Download Cell Division and Genetics

Swallows Charter Academy
Domain Map
Unit 3 Cell Division and Genetics
7th Grade Science
Grade-Level Domain MAP
Core Knowledge Content
State Standards
Literature –
History/Geography –
Science – Cell Division and Genetics
2. Life Science
• Cell division, the basic process for growth and
reproduction
1. Individual organisms with certain traits are more
likely than others to survive and have offspring in a
specific environment
Two types of cell division: mitosis (growth and asexual
reproduction), meiosis (sexual reproduction)
Asexual reproduction: mitosis; diploid cells (as in
amoeba)
2. The human body is composed of atoms, molecules,
cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems that have
specific functions and interactions
3. Cells are the smallest unit of life that can function
independently and perform all the necessary functions
of life
Sexual reproduction: meiosis: haploid cells;
combinations of traits
How change occurs from one generation to another:
either mutation or mixing of traits through sexual
reproduction
Why acquired characteristics are not transmitted
• Gregor Mendel’s experiments with purebred and
hybrid peas
4. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are
important processes by which energy is acquired and
utilized by organisms
5. Multiple lines of evidence show the evolution of
organisms over geologic time
Dominant and recessive genes
Mendel’s statistical analysis led to understanding that
inherited traits are controlled by genes (now known to
be DNA).
• Modern understanding of chromosomes and genes
Double helix (twisted ladder) of DNA coding; how DNA
makes new DNA
How DNA sequence makes proteins
Genetic engineering
Modern researchers in genetics: Francis Crick, James
Watson, Severo Ochoa,
Barbara McClintock
Visual Arts –
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Language Arts
Core Knowledge
CCSS ELA
A. Writing and Research
1. Oral Expression and Listening
• Expository writing: Write nonfiction essays that describe,
narrate, persuade, and compare and contrast.
1. Formal presentations require preparation and
effective delivery
• Write research essays, with attention to asking open-ended
questions gathering relevant data through library and field
research summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting accurately
when taking notes defining a thesis (that is, a central
2. Small and large group discussions rely on active
listening and the effective contributions of all
participants
2. Reading for All Purposes
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Swallows Charter Academy
Domain Map
Unit 3 Cell Division and Genetics
7th Grade Science
proposition, a main idea) organizing with an outline
integrating quotations from sources acknowledging sources
and avoiding plagiarism preparing a bibliography
B. Speaking and Listening
• Participate civilly and productively in group discussions.
• Give a short speech to the class that is well-organized and
well-supported.
• Demonstrate an ability to use standard pronunciation when
speaking to large groups and in formal circumstances, such
as a job interview
1. Literary elements, characteristics, and ideas are
interrelated and guide the comprehension of literary
and fictional texts
2. Informational and persuasive texts are summarized
and evaluated
3. Purpose, tone, and meaning in word choices
influence literary, persuasive, and informational texts
3. Writing and Composition
1. Composing literary and narrative texts that
incorporate a range of stylistic devices demonstrates
knowledge of genre features
2. Organization is used when composing informational
and persuasive texts
3. Editing writing for proper grammar, usage,
mechanics, and clarity improves written work
4. Research and Reasoning
1. Answering a research question logically begins with
obtaining and analyzing information from a variety of
sources
2. Logical information requires documented sources
3. Reasoned material is evaluated for its quality using
both its logic and its use of a medium
Prior Knowledge
What Students Will Learn In Future Grades
Cells: Structures and Processes
Chemistry of Food and Respiration
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Energy for most life on earth comes from the sun,
typically from sun, to plants, to animals,back to
plants.
• Structure of cells (both plant and animal)
Cell membrane: selectively allows substances in and out
Nucleus: surrounded by nuclear membrane, contains genetic
material, divides for reproduction
Cytoplasm contains organelles, small structures that carry
out the chemical activities of the cell, including mitochondria
(which produce the cell’s energy) and vacuoles (which store
food, water, or wastes).
• Plant cells, unlike animal cells, have cell walls and
chloroplasts.
• Cells without nuclei: monerans (bacteria)
• Some organisms consist of only a single cell: for example,
amoeba, protozoans, some algae.
• Cells are shaped differently in order to perform different
functions.
• Living cells get most of their energy through chemical
reactions.
All living cells make and use carbohydrates (carbon
and water), the simplest of these being sugars.
All living cells make and use proteins, often very
complex compounds containing carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, and many other elements.
Making these compounds involves chemical reactions
which need water, and take place in and between cells,
across cell walls. The reactions also need catalysts
called “enzymes.”
Many cells also make fats, which store energy and
food.
• Energy in plants: photosynthesis
• Organization of cells into tissues, organs, and systems:
Plants do not need to eat other living things for energy.
In complex organisms, groups of cells form tissues (for
example, in animals, skin tissue or muscle tissue; in plants,
the skin of an onion or the bark of a tree).
Main nutrients of plants: the chemical elements
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, carbon,
oxygen, hydrogen (some from soil or the sea, others
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Swallows Charter Academy
Domain Map
Unit 3 Cell Division and Genetics
7th Grade Science
Tissues with similar functions form organs (for example, in
some animals, the heart, stomach, or brain; in some plants,
the root or flower).
In complex organisms, organs work together in a system
(recall, for example, from earlier studies of the human body,
the digestive, circulatory, and respiratory systems).
from the air)
Photosynthesis, using chlorophyll, converts these
elements into more plant cells and stored food using
energy from sunlight.
Leafy plants mainly get their oxygen dissolved in
water from their roots, and their carbon mainly from
the gas CO2.
Plant photosynthesis uses up CO2 and releases oxygen.
• Energy in animals: respiration
Animal chemical reactions do the opposite of plants—
they use up oxygen and release CO2.
In animals the chief process is not photosynthesis but
respiration, that is, the creation of new compounds
through oxidation.
Animals cannot make carbohydrates, proteins, and
fats from elements. They must eat these organic
compounds from plants or other animals, and create
them through respiration.
Respiration uses oxygen and releases CO2, creating an
interdependence and balance between plant and
animal life.
• Human nutrition and respiration
Humans are omnivores and can eat both plant and
animal food.
Human respiration, through breathing, gets oxygen to
the cells through the lungs and the blood.
The importance of hemoglobin in the blood
• Human health
While many other animals can make their own
vitamins, humans must get them from outside.
A balanced diet: the food pyramid or “MyPlate” for
humans (review); identification of the food groups in
terms of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and
trace elements
Cross-Curricular Links
Domain Vocabulary
Cell, microscope, cell
theory, organelle, cell
wall, cell membrane,
nucleus, cytoplasm,
mitochondria,
endoplasmic reticulum,
ribosome, Golgi body,
chloroplast, vacuole,
lysosome, element,
Compound, carbohydrate,
Photosynthesis, autotroph,
heterotroph, pigment,
chlorophyll, stomata,
respiration, fermentation,
cell cycle, interphase,
replication, mitosis,
chromosome, cytokinesis,
cancer, mutation, tumor,
chemotherapy,
Heredity, trait, genetics,
fertilization, purebred,
gene, alleles, dominant
allele, recessive allele,
hybrid, probability,
Punnett square,
phenotype, genotype,
homozygous,
heterozygous,
codominance, meiosis,
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Multiple alleles, sex
chromosomes, sex-linked
gene, carrier, genetic
disorder, pedigree,
karyotype, selective
breeding, inbreeding,
hybridization, clone, genetic
engineering, gene therapy,
genome,
Swallows Charter Academy
Domain Map
Unit 3 Cell Division and Genetics
7th Grade Science
messenger RNA, transfer
RNA,
lipid, protein, amino acid,
enzyme, nucleic acid, DNA,
RNA, Selectively
permeable, diffusion,
osmosis, passive
transport, active
transport,
Instructional UNITS
Literature
History /
Geography
Science
Cell and Heredity
Chapters 1-4
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Visual Arts
Music