Download File - BIOLOGY Mound

Immunity
• Feel free to review chapter 6.3 as well.
11.1 Antibody production and
vaccination.
• Smallpox: At least 300 million people killed
between 1900 and 1979.
• 11.1NOS1: Consider ethical implications of
research: Jenner tested his vaccine for
smallpox on a child.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqUFyt4MlQ
• 11.1U1 : Every organism has unique
molecules on the surface of their cells.
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They are found on your cells, viruses,
pollen, bacteria, and essentially all cells.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttjn1jVAC
k8
• Markers may be proteins or polysaccharides.
H1N1….
• Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
• 11.1U2: B Lymphocytes are activated by T
lymphocytes in mammals
•
ROUGH NOTES -- IGNORE
• Leukocytes: white blood cells.
• Phagocytes (innate immune system)
Macrophages (engulf pathogens)
• B cells (produce antibodies)
• Antibodies: proteins that ….
• Lymphocytes (T cells and mature b cells)
– Helper T cells mature after macrophage antigen
presentation…. Effector T cells and Memory T cells.
• 11.1U2: B Lymphocytes are activated by T
lymphocytes in mammals
Immune response to challenge.
• macrophages are white blood cells. They bind
to antigens on the surface of the pathogen
and engulf them through phagocytosis.
• These cells attack anything that is not us (this
causes problems for transplant patients). This
is a non-specific immune response.
• Macrophage engulfing TB bacteria
• Scanning electron micrograph of methicilinresistant Staphylococcus bacteria (MRSA)
bacteria (yellow) being ingested
Antigen Presentation
• Macrophages present the antigens from engulfed
pathogens on their surface. These are fragments
of proteins that can serve as identification of
invading pathogens.
• Lymphocytes (Helper T cells) bind to the
presented antigen and are activated.
• Lymphocytes (B cells) produce different
antibodies and also bind to pathogens and attach
antigens to their surface.
• T cells which recognize the antigen on the B cells,
send a signal message to the specific B cells to
multiply. This is called clonal selection.
• Antibodies: bind to antigens
• Antigens: generate antibodies
• 11.1U4: Activated B cells multiply to form a
clone of plasma cells and memory cells
• 11.1U3 Plasma cells secrete antibodies
• 11.1U5: Antibodies aid the destruction of
pathogens
• 11.1U6: Immunity depends upon the
persistence of memory cells
• 11.1U7: Vaccinations contain antigens that
trigger immunity but do not cause disease
• 11.1U8: Pathogens can be species-specific,
although others can cross species boundaries
• 11.1U9: White cells release histamine in
response to allergens
• 11.1U10: Histamines casue allergic reactions
• 11.1U11: Fusion of a tumor cell with an
antibody producing plasma cell creates a
hybridoma cell
• 11.1U12: Monoclonal antibodies are
produced by hybridoma cells
• 11.1A1: Antigens on the surface of red blood
cells stimulate antibody production in a
person with a different blood group.
• 11.1A2: Smallpox was the first infectious
disease of humans to have been eradicated by
vaccination
• 11.1A3: Monoclonal antibodies to hGC are
used in pregnancy tests.
• 11.1S1: Analysis of epidemiological data
related to vaccination programs.
Polio
• Also called infantile paralysis.
• 90% of cases are mild and have no long term effects.
• 1% results in paralysis or death by damaging the
central nervous system.
• Vaccine created in the 1950s (my grandmother cried)
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19KkFCQz8WQ
Ted Polio Talk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogyu6LE3go0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvO7W86xbCg
Syria: peace and public health.