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atom atom atomic mass a very small particle that makes up most kinds of matters and consists of smaller parts called protons, neutrons and electrons. the basic building block of matter - the smallest particle of an element that still has all the properties of that element a number equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutron in an atom’s nucleus the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom atomic number amu = atomic mass unit A unit of mass equal to 1/12 the mass of an atom of the most common isotope of carbon (carbon 12), which is assigned a mass of 12. A hydrogen atom has a mass of 1 atomic mass unit since its mass is 1/12 the mass of carbon 12. brittle easily broken, cracked, or snapped example: brittle clay or brittle glass buoyancy the upward force that a fluid exerts on an object that is less dense than itself. Example: buoyancy allows a boat to float on water upward force exerted on an object immersed in a fluid buoyant force an electrical property that can be either positive or negative charge chemical equation shorthand form for writing what reactants are used and what products are formed in a chemical reaction; sometimes shows whether energy is produced or absorbed. chemical equation chemical property a description of a chemical reaction written with chemical formulas, subscripts and coefficients characteristic that can NOT be observed without altering the sample - it also determines how a substance will react with another substance chemical change chemical formula a change in which substances become new substances with different properties a group of chemical symbols and numbers that shows the kinds and numbers of atoms in a molecule CH4 chemical reaction a process in which elements and compounds combine in new ways to form new substances chemical symbol a code, normally composed of one or two letters used to represent an element CH4 coefficient compound a number written before a chemical formula to show how many atoms or molecules of that substance are involved in a reaction a substance produced when elements combine and whose properties are different from each of the elements in it compound a substance that forms when two or more elements join chemically conduction transfer of (heat) energy that occurs when molecules bump into each other conductor A material or an object that conducts heat, electricity, light, or sound. Copper is a good conductor of electricity. mass of an object divided by its volume density ductile electron electron cloud Easily drawn out into a few strand or wire. Gold and silver are ductile metals. negatively charged particle that exists in an electron cloud formation around an atom's nucleus region surrounding the nucleus of an atom, where electrons are most likely to be found a property of matter; charge can be positive or negative electrical charge substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary means - has unique properties and is generally classified as a metal, metalloid or nonmetal chemical reaction in which heat energy is absorbed element endothermic reaction chemical reaction in which heat energy is released exothermic reaction a group or organisms ranking above a genus and below an order family easily set on fire flammability group heat ignitability, sustainability, combustibility, and consumability a column in the periodic table -family of elements in the periodic table that have similar physical or chemical properties transfer of (heat) energy from one object to another due to a difference in temperature - flows from water objects to cooler objects a compound that does not contain carbon inorganic unable to react chemically inert insulator To cover or surround with a material that prevents the loss or transfer of heat, electricity, or sound a charged atom ion isotope Law of conservation of mass law of conservation of matter two or more atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nuclei (same number of protons) states that mass is neither created nor destroyed and as a result the mass of the substances before a physical or chemical change is equal to the mass of the substances present after the change ---- the mass of the products = the mass of the reactants states that matter is not created or destroyed it simply changes form the way a mineral reflects light luster having the properties of a magnet; showing magnetism magnetic malleable capable of being shaped or formed in its solid state, especially by pressure or hammering gold is the most malleable substance known mass number = atomic mass the sum of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom the amount of matter in an object mass anything that takes up space and has mass matter metal metalloid mixture molecule element that has luster, is malleable and ductile and is a good conductor of heat and electricity element that shares some properties with metals and nonmetals, it is a solid a room temperature a composition of two or more substances that are not chemically combined with each other and are capable of being separated a group of two or more atoms held together by very strong chemical bonds, - the smallest unit of a compound that has all the properties of that compound neutron electrically neutral = no charge = particle that has the same mass as a proton and is found in an atom's nucleus nonmetal element that is usually a gas or brittle solid at room temperature and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, nonmetals are the basic chemicals of life positively charged central part of an atom (contains both protons and neutrons) nucleus (atom) organic 1. involving organisms or the products of their life processes 2. relating to chemical compounds containing carbon, especially hydrocarbon period horizontal row of elements in the periodic table whose properties change gradually and predictably physical property physical change characteristic that can be observed, using the five senses, without changing or trying to change the composition of a substance change in which the form or appearance of matter changes, but not its composition/identity product substance that forms as a result of a chemical reaction proton positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom and when the number of protons are counted it is used to identify the element (atomic number) a solid that forms during a chemical reaction that takes place in a solution precipitate properties pure substance Are the characteristics of a substance The way a substance tastes, smells, color, etc. a substance that has the same chemical composition through and cannot be separated into its parts by physical means H 2O reactant substance that exists before a chemical reaction begins reactivity a chemical property that describes how likely an element is to form bonds with other elements The rate at which a chemical substance tends to undergo a chemical reaction. solubility Capable of being dissolved subatomic particle subscript sublimation temperature valence electron one of the basic units of which atoms and all matter are made -protons, neutrons and electrons are subatomic particles a number written to the right and slightly below a chemical symbol to identify how many atoms of an element are in a molecule H2O the process of changing from a solid to a gas , or from a gas to a solid, without passing through an intermediate liquid phase measure of the kinetic energy of the atoms of an object an electron in an atom's outermost energy level volume the amount of space occupied by three-dimensional object or region of space solid one of the three basic forms of matter composed of molecules that have little or no ability to exchange places -fixed volume liquid one of the three basic forms of matter, composed of molecules that can move short distances -no fixed shape, usually has volume gas one of the three basic forms of matter, composed of molecules in constant random motion -no fixed shape, takes shape of space available