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... KEY REACTIONS of GLYCOLYSIS substrate level phosphorylation redox reaction involving NAD ...
... KEY REACTIONS of GLYCOLYSIS substrate level phosphorylation redox reaction involving NAD ...
Respiration
... Enough energy is released for immediate buildup of two ATP. Two NADH are also produced. Glycolysis takes place outside the mitochondria and does not utilize oxygen (anaerobic). ...
... Enough energy is released for immediate buildup of two ATP. Two NADH are also produced. Glycolysis takes place outside the mitochondria and does not utilize oxygen (anaerobic). ...
AP Biology - mvhs
... Redox reactions – LEO, GER; where do electrons originate, what pulls them away Light- Dependent Reactions – location, purpose; role of chlorophyll, water and photosystems; how is ATP/NADPH produced; reason for noncyclic vs. cyclic electron flow Calvin Cycle – location, purpose, dependence on light r ...
... Redox reactions – LEO, GER; where do electrons originate, what pulls them away Light- Dependent Reactions – location, purpose; role of chlorophyll, water and photosystems; how is ATP/NADPH produced; reason for noncyclic vs. cyclic electron flow Calvin Cycle – location, purpose, dependence on light r ...
oxidation
... proteins 20 amino acids, carbohydrates glucose, fats glycerol and fatty acids Second stage: occurs in cytoplasm small organic units convert into simple units, Ex: sugars, fatty acids, glycerol, and amino acids are converted into acetyl unit of acetyl CoA; process does not require oxygen, yields ...
... proteins 20 amino acids, carbohydrates glucose, fats glycerol and fatty acids Second stage: occurs in cytoplasm small organic units convert into simple units, Ex: sugars, fatty acids, glycerol, and amino acids are converted into acetyl unit of acetyl CoA; process does not require oxygen, yields ...
biochem
... • A 56 year old male is hospitalized with abdominal pain and hypotension. All of a sudden he begins to hyperventilate .Lab investigations reveal metabolic acidosis, increased anion gap and high lactate levels. These findings are best explained by low activity of ...
... • A 56 year old male is hospitalized with abdominal pain and hypotension. All of a sudden he begins to hyperventilate .Lab investigations reveal metabolic acidosis, increased anion gap and high lactate levels. These findings are best explained by low activity of ...
Chapter 4 Study Guide
... ______________ is broken down before the Krebs cycle. CO2 is released, NADH is produced, coenzyme a bonds to two molecules For every turn of the cycle, _______ molecule of ATP and _______ molecules of carbon dioxide are produced The Kreb cycle transports electrons to the _____________________ Kreb C ...
... ______________ is broken down before the Krebs cycle. CO2 is released, NADH is produced, coenzyme a bonds to two molecules For every turn of the cycle, _______ molecule of ATP and _______ molecules of carbon dioxide are produced The Kreb cycle transports electrons to the _____________________ Kreb C ...
Cellular Respiration
... 1. I n which organelle does cell respiration occur? 2. Photosynthesis occurs in what types of organisms? Cell respiration occurs in what type? 3. Write the equation for photosynthesis. 4. Write the equation for cell respiration…notice they are opposites! 5. Which step of cell respiration breaks down ...
... 1. I n which organelle does cell respiration occur? 2. Photosynthesis occurs in what types of organisms? Cell respiration occurs in what type? 3. Write the equation for photosynthesis. 4. Write the equation for cell respiration…notice they are opposites! 5. Which step of cell respiration breaks down ...
LessonPlansInc.com
... 3rd Then ask the volunteer how he can get the glucose molecule inside the cell? “carrier proteins” Then the students walks up to the glycolysis table with their glucose. Then ask the student what happens to the glucose. The student then rips the glucose paper in half so they have two pyruvic acids ( ...
... 3rd Then ask the volunteer how he can get the glucose molecule inside the cell? “carrier proteins” Then the students walks up to the glycolysis table with their glucose. Then ask the student what happens to the glucose. The student then rips the glucose paper in half so they have two pyruvic acids ( ...
glycolysis
... Glycolysis (a sweet splitting process) is a central pathway for the catabolism of carbohydrates in which the six-carbon sugars are split to three-carbon compounds with subsequent release of energy used to transform ADP to ATP. Glycolysis can proceed under anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic con ...
... Glycolysis (a sweet splitting process) is a central pathway for the catabolism of carbohydrates in which the six-carbon sugars are split to three-carbon compounds with subsequent release of energy used to transform ADP to ATP. Glycolysis can proceed under anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic con ...
MEMBRANE-BOUND ELECTRON TRANSFER AND ATP …
... These pathways along with fatty acid oxidation produce energy rich molecules NADH and FADH2 as well as small amounts of ATP Chemotrophs derive energy from oxidation of fuel molecules and in aerobic organisms the ultimate electron acceptor is O2 Electron is not transferred directly ...
... These pathways along with fatty acid oxidation produce energy rich molecules NADH and FADH2 as well as small amounts of ATP Chemotrophs derive energy from oxidation of fuel molecules and in aerobic organisms the ultimate electron acceptor is O2 Electron is not transferred directly ...
fermentation & evolution
... • During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. • Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP ...
... • During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. • Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP ...
Anaerobic Fermentation
... Lasts only 46 seconds. 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation Lasts up to 90 seconds (sprints) ...
... Lasts only 46 seconds. 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation Lasts up to 90 seconds (sprints) ...
Carbohydrate and sugar structure
... Stage I A preparatory stage in which glucose is phosphorylated and cleaved to yield two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3phosphate - uses two ATPs Stage II glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to pyruvate with the concomitant generation of four ATPs-net profit is 2ATPs per glucose. ...
... Stage I A preparatory stage in which glucose is phosphorylated and cleaved to yield two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3phosphate - uses two ATPs Stage II glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to pyruvate with the concomitant generation of four ATPs-net profit is 2ATPs per glucose. ...
removal of amino gp from glutamate to release ammonia Other
... 3. Metabolic break down of carbon skeleton to generate common intermediates that can be catabolized to CO2 or used in anabolic pathways to be stored as glucose or fat. ...
... 3. Metabolic break down of carbon skeleton to generate common intermediates that can be catabolized to CO2 or used in anabolic pathways to be stored as glucose or fat. ...
Medical Microbiology Lecture 5 Third class/ Dentistry College The
... to fructose 1,6- bisphosphate. This preliminary stage does not yield energy; in fact, two ATP molecules are expended for each glucose. The three-carbon stage of glycolysis begins when the enzyme fructose 1,6bisphosphate aldolase catalyzes the cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two halves, ea ...
... to fructose 1,6- bisphosphate. This preliminary stage does not yield energy; in fact, two ATP molecules are expended for each glucose. The three-carbon stage of glycolysis begins when the enzyme fructose 1,6bisphosphate aldolase catalyzes the cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two halves, ea ...
METABOLIC PATHWAYS Section 6 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF
... Instead, this reaction is slowed down so that 3 ATP molecules are formed: 52 - 21 = 3 ATP molecules + 31 kcal heat, efficiency is 40%. If O2 is not available to the cytochrome system, ATP will not be formed by the mitochondria. FAD flavine adenine dinucleotide is similar to NAD I. Carbohydrate metab ...
... Instead, this reaction is slowed down so that 3 ATP molecules are formed: 52 - 21 = 3 ATP molecules + 31 kcal heat, efficiency is 40%. If O2 is not available to the cytochrome system, ATP will not be formed by the mitochondria. FAD flavine adenine dinucleotide is similar to NAD I. Carbohydrate metab ...
Cellular Respiration
... glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle lose electrons, proton gradient The energy in each NADH molecule moves enough protons (H+) into the mitochondrial matrix to create 3 ATP ...
... glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle lose electrons, proton gradient The energy in each NADH molecule moves enough protons (H+) into the mitochondrial matrix to create 3 ATP ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... 4. Define Gibb's free energy. 5. What are ketone bodies? 6. Give the energy value of one ATP molecule. 7. What is meant by β - oxidation? 8. What are porphyrins? 9. Mention the role of glutamate dehydrogenase. 10. What are primary metabolites? Part - B (8 x 5 = 40) Answer any five of the following q ...
... 4. Define Gibb's free energy. 5. What are ketone bodies? 6. Give the energy value of one ATP molecule. 7. What is meant by β - oxidation? 8. What are porphyrins? 9. Mention the role of glutamate dehydrogenase. 10. What are primary metabolites? Part - B (8 x 5 = 40) Answer any five of the following q ...
Glycolysis and fermentation
... Glucose is broken down with or without oxygen in the cytoplasm into pyruvate One Glucose is cleaved into two pyruvate Produces little energy Two ATP and Two NADH produced ...
... Glucose is broken down with or without oxygen in the cytoplasm into pyruvate One Glucose is cleaved into two pyruvate Produces little energy Two ATP and Two NADH produced ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.