Preparation of Azeleic Acid from Castor Oil Saponification and
... Experiment 25.3 on page 569) This week's reaction: saponification of castor oil OH O O O ...
... Experiment 25.3 on page 569) This week's reaction: saponification of castor oil OH O O O ...
HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY: CELLULAR
... b. Peter Mitchell first hypothesized that the chemical gradient of the inner membrane space was associated with driving the production of ATP. The ATP synthase enzyme has a complex structure. a. A basal unit is embedded in the inner membrane and is connected to a headpiece that extends into the mito ...
... b. Peter Mitchell first hypothesized that the chemical gradient of the inner membrane space was associated with driving the production of ATP. The ATP synthase enzyme has a complex structure. a. A basal unit is embedded in the inner membrane and is connected to a headpiece that extends into the mito ...
b-oxidation - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
... chain fatty acids • Odd chain fatty acids are less common • Formed by some bacteria in the stomachs of rumaniants and the human colon. • b-oxidation occurs pretty much as w/ even chain fatty acids until the final thiolase cleavage which results in a 3 carbon acyl-CoA (propionyl-CoA) • Special set of ...
... chain fatty acids • Odd chain fatty acids are less common • Formed by some bacteria in the stomachs of rumaniants and the human colon. • b-oxidation occurs pretty much as w/ even chain fatty acids until the final thiolase cleavage which results in a 3 carbon acyl-CoA (propionyl-CoA) • Special set of ...
Respiration - Ms. Killikelly's Science Classes
... Substrate-Level Phosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation ...
... Substrate-Level Phosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation ...
Cell Respiration
... intermembrane space creates a high H+ (pH = 7) concentration in the intermembrane space and a low H+ (pH = 8) concentration in the matrix – this proton gradient becomes the source of energy used by the mitochondria to synthesize ATP, which is released as H+ diffuse from the intermembrane space back ...
... intermembrane space creates a high H+ (pH = 7) concentration in the intermembrane space and a low H+ (pH = 8) concentration in the matrix – this proton gradient becomes the source of energy used by the mitochondria to synthesize ATP, which is released as H+ diffuse from the intermembrane space back ...
Review PPT
... brought to a veterinarian for help and is sent to the animal hospital for some tests. There they discover his mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acids for respiration, and his cells produce more lactate than normal. Of the following, which is the best explanation of his condition? A. Hi ...
... brought to a veterinarian for help and is sent to the animal hospital for some tests. There they discover his mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acids for respiration, and his cells produce more lactate than normal. Of the following, which is the best explanation of his condition? A. Hi ...
Document
... • During Glycolysis, NAD+ is REDUCED to NADH (the two, 3-carbon molecules are oxidized) • In fermentation, then we need to OXIDIZE it back to NAD+, so Pyruvate is REDUCED and forms lactic acid • This LOWERS your muscle pH and causes ...
... • During Glycolysis, NAD+ is REDUCED to NADH (the two, 3-carbon molecules are oxidized) • In fermentation, then we need to OXIDIZE it back to NAD+, so Pyruvate is REDUCED and forms lactic acid • This LOWERS your muscle pH and causes ...
Fermentation Quiz
... 10. What is the net gain in ATP molecules produced during the reactions of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions? a) 0 b) 2 c) 4 d) 6 ...
... 10. What is the net gain in ATP molecules produced during the reactions of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions? a) 0 b) 2 c) 4 d) 6 ...
25.4 ATP yield
... In Chapter 24 we saw that the carbons of the acetyl CoA produced by the catabolism of glucose can be completely oxidized to carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle. Each molecule of acetyl CoA oxidized in this fashion yields enough energy to make one molecule of AIB one molecule of FADH2,and three m ...
... In Chapter 24 we saw that the carbons of the acetyl CoA produced by the catabolism of glucose can be completely oxidized to carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle. Each molecule of acetyl CoA oxidized in this fashion yields enough energy to make one molecule of AIB one molecule of FADH2,and three m ...
Cellular Metabolism - Oklahoma State University–Stillwater
... • Large molecules are broken into smaller molecules (catabolism) • Critical intermediates are generated (ex. Pyruvic acid, etc.) They are used in the anabolism process as well as entry back into the catabolism process. ...
... • Large molecules are broken into smaller molecules (catabolism) • Critical intermediates are generated (ex. Pyruvic acid, etc.) They are used in the anabolism process as well as entry back into the catabolism process. ...
Pre AP Bio Nov 8 2016
... • During Glycolysis, NAD+ is REDUCED to NADH (the two, 3-carbon molecules are oxidized) • In fermentation, then we need to OXIDIZE it back to NAD+, so Pyruvate is REDUCED and forms lactic acid • This LOWERS your muscle pH and causes ...
... • During Glycolysis, NAD+ is REDUCED to NADH (the two, 3-carbon molecules are oxidized) • In fermentation, then we need to OXIDIZE it back to NAD+, so Pyruvate is REDUCED and forms lactic acid • This LOWERS your muscle pH and causes ...
Nitrogen Metabolism, Ammonia Degradation and Urea Formation
... 90% of the nitrogen containing components of urine are urea. The carbon and oxygen of urea are derived from CO2. Urea is produced by the liver, transported in the blood to the kidneys for excretion. ...
... 90% of the nitrogen containing components of urine are urea. The carbon and oxygen of urea are derived from CO2. Urea is produced by the liver, transported in the blood to the kidneys for excretion. ...
Exam 1 Review KEY
... 25.) Describe the two models of the relationship between enzymes and substrates. Which is the most accurate model? Lock and Key: the substrate and enzyme fit together perfectly Induced Fit: the enzyme changes shape to accommodate the substrate **most accurate** 26.) How can multiple diseases appear ...
... 25.) Describe the two models of the relationship between enzymes and substrates. Which is the most accurate model? Lock and Key: the substrate and enzyme fit together perfectly Induced Fit: the enzyme changes shape to accommodate the substrate **most accurate** 26.) How can multiple diseases appear ...
coupling membrane
... NADH and succinate) in citric acid cycle 4) the oxidation of reduced cofactors by oxygen forming water and releasing energy (respiratory electron transfer) ...
... NADH and succinate) in citric acid cycle 4) the oxidation of reduced cofactors by oxygen forming water and releasing energy (respiratory electron transfer) ...
Cellular Respiration Review Sheet
... 10. What products are produced during lactic acid fermentation? Give some examples of organisms that obtain energy through lactic acid fermentation. 11. What products are produced during alcoholic fermentation? Give some examples of organisms that obtain energy through alcoholic fermentation. 12. De ...
... 10. What products are produced during lactic acid fermentation? Give some examples of organisms that obtain energy through lactic acid fermentation. 11. What products are produced during alcoholic fermentation? Give some examples of organisms that obtain energy through alcoholic fermentation. 12. De ...
1 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Introduction
... – redox reactions transfer electrons from one reactant to another by oxidation and reduction • in oxidation a substance loses electrons, or is oxidized • in reduction a substance gains electrons, or is reduced ...
... – redox reactions transfer electrons from one reactant to another by oxidation and reduction • in oxidation a substance loses electrons, or is oxidized • in reduction a substance gains electrons, or is reduced ...
L6 Cellular Respiration
... CO2 leaves cycle NAD+ The citric acid cycle yields One ATP from each acetyl CoA that enters the cycle, for a net gain of two ATP. ...
... CO2 leaves cycle NAD+ The citric acid cycle yields One ATP from each acetyl CoA that enters the cycle, for a net gain of two ATP. ...
Chapter 6
... Electrons are the stars! • If we track the transfer of hydrogen from sugar to oxygen, we also follow the transfer of electrons. During cellular respiration, hydrogen and its bonding electrons change partners from sugar to oxygen, forming water as a product. Energy is also released. ...
... Electrons are the stars! • If we track the transfer of hydrogen from sugar to oxygen, we also follow the transfer of electrons. During cellular respiration, hydrogen and its bonding electrons change partners from sugar to oxygen, forming water as a product. Energy is also released. ...
- Circle of Docs
... 56. intermediate in cholesterol synthesis a. HMG CoA b. Acetyl CoA c. Succinate d. Fumarate 57. has only two double bonded carbons a. linoleic b. linolenic c. arachidonic d. oleic 58. In the phenylalanine to tyrosine pathway, what is the end product? a. Testosterone b. Epinephrine c. Aldosterone d. ...
... 56. intermediate in cholesterol synthesis a. HMG CoA b. Acetyl CoA c. Succinate d. Fumarate 57. has only two double bonded carbons a. linoleic b. linolenic c. arachidonic d. oleic 58. In the phenylalanine to tyrosine pathway, what is the end product? a. Testosterone b. Epinephrine c. Aldosterone d. ...
pruitt_ppt_ch10
... • Net yield of ATP production from one glucose molecule – Glycolysis: 2 ATP – Krebs Cycle: 2 ATP – Electron Transport Chain • Converting the energy stored in NADH and FADH2 to ATP: 32 ATP ...
... • Net yield of ATP production from one glucose molecule – Glycolysis: 2 ATP – Krebs Cycle: 2 ATP – Electron Transport Chain • Converting the energy stored in NADH and FADH2 to ATP: 32 ATP ...
Cellular Respiration
... Dams can be harnessed to generate electricity when the water is allowed to rush downhill, turning giant wheels called turbines. Similarly, ATP synthases built into the inner mitochondrial membrane act like minature turbines. H+ can only cross through ATP synthases bc they are not permeable to the me ...
... Dams can be harnessed to generate electricity when the water is allowed to rush downhill, turning giant wheels called turbines. Similarly, ATP synthases built into the inner mitochondrial membrane act like minature turbines. H+ can only cross through ATP synthases bc they are not permeable to the me ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.