Aim: What is fermentation?
... During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). – Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. ...
... During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). – Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. ...
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... The Krebs Cycle (mitochondria matrix) The Electron Transport Chain (inner mitochondrial membrane) ...
... The Krebs Cycle (mitochondria matrix) The Electron Transport Chain (inner mitochondrial membrane) ...
Glycolysis Quiz
... 7. Enzymes involved in the oxidation reduction of a substance can not operate without NAD+. What is NAD+ known as? (a) co-enzyme (b) co-factor (c) amino acid (d) protein ...
... 7. Enzymes involved in the oxidation reduction of a substance can not operate without NAD+. What is NAD+ known as? (a) co-enzyme (b) co-factor (c) amino acid (d) protein ...
Glycolysis Reactions
... Glycolysis Reactions Glycolysis is the sequence of reactions that converts glucose into pyruvate with the concomitant production of a relatively small amount of ATP. Glycolysis can be carried out anerobically (in the absence of oxygen) and is thus an especially important pathway for organisms that c ...
... Glycolysis Reactions Glycolysis is the sequence of reactions that converts glucose into pyruvate with the concomitant production of a relatively small amount of ATP. Glycolysis can be carried out anerobically (in the absence of oxygen) and is thus an especially important pathway for organisms that c ...
Bioenergetics Objectives Objectives
... • ETC chain results in pumping of H+ ions across inner mitochondrial membrane ...
... • ETC chain results in pumping of H+ ions across inner mitochondrial membrane ...
Bio150 Chapter 7
... bonds are broken or rearranged -4 molecules of ATP are synthesized as a result of energy released from the breaking of bonds of the carbohydrate intermediates –the 12 hydrogen atoms of the original glucose molecule are removed and used to create a large H+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial mem ...
... bonds are broken or rearranged -4 molecules of ATP are synthesized as a result of energy released from the breaking of bonds of the carbohydrate intermediates –the 12 hydrogen atoms of the original glucose molecule are removed and used to create a large H+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial mem ...
Bio102 Problems
... C. This allows the organelle to have more copies of photosystems I and II and ATP synthase. D. The larger membrane improves its fluidity. E. This makes a more effective barrier to prevent protons from leaking through. 2. At the end of the electron transport chain found in the thylakoid membrane, the ...
... C. This allows the organelle to have more copies of photosystems I and II and ATP synthase. D. The larger membrane improves its fluidity. E. This makes a more effective barrier to prevent protons from leaking through. 2. At the end of the electron transport chain found in the thylakoid membrane, the ...
3 sources of energy during excercise
... oxygen during excercise... *Body compensates for the lack of oxygen by a process called Anaerobic fermentation that carries out a series of chemical reactions that produce ATP from glucose in the absence of O 2 *Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is not available ...
... oxygen during excercise... *Body compensates for the lack of oxygen by a process called Anaerobic fermentation that carries out a series of chemical reactions that produce ATP from glucose in the absence of O 2 *Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is not available ...
Cellular Respiration REVIEW SHEET
... o After exercise would you expect the amount of CO2 exhaled per minute to be the same as the amount of CO2 exhaled per minute at rest? Explain. Some Thought Questions: 1. How is glucose changed during glycolysis? What products are produced as a result of glycolysis? 2. What are the two pathways that ...
... o After exercise would you expect the amount of CO2 exhaled per minute to be the same as the amount of CO2 exhaled per minute at rest? Explain. Some Thought Questions: 1. How is glucose changed during glycolysis? What products are produced as a result of glycolysis? 2. What are the two pathways that ...
Lec 3: Carbohydrate metabolism
... (Step 7), all the other steps associated with ATP consumption or generation are regulated steps in the pathway. Why? These reactions have large decrease in ΔG, which makes them irreversible steps in vivo. Recall that irreversible steps are the place for metabolic control!! ...
... (Step 7), all the other steps associated with ATP consumption or generation are regulated steps in the pathway. Why? These reactions have large decrease in ΔG, which makes them irreversible steps in vivo. Recall that irreversible steps are the place for metabolic control!! ...
CH 2. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... respiration is as follows: C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g) 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) + 36 ATP glucose ...
... respiration is as follows: C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g) 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) + 36 ATP glucose ...
2 ATP
... ATP is called free energy because it is available to do any type of work needed in our cells called Kinetic Energy (energy available for work) The amount of energy released is measure in calories or ...
... ATP is called free energy because it is available to do any type of work needed in our cells called Kinetic Energy (energy available for work) The amount of energy released is measure in calories or ...
Exam 3 Study Guide
... Glycogen metabolism: reciprocal regulation, structure of glycogen affects formation/degradation, regulation of phosphorylase in muscle and liver, regulation of glycogen synthase and role of PP1 Pentose phosphate pathway: production of NADPH and ribose; recycling of 5-c sugars to 3- and 6-c sugars Ge ...
... Glycogen metabolism: reciprocal regulation, structure of glycogen affects formation/degradation, regulation of phosphorylase in muscle and liver, regulation of glycogen synthase and role of PP1 Pentose phosphate pathway: production of NADPH and ribose; recycling of 5-c sugars to 3- and 6-c sugars Ge ...
Lifeline Week 6 Follow-Along Sheet Cellular Respiration
... The 1st stage of cellular respiration is _______________. Takes place in the _______________ of the cell During this step, one molecule of glucose is broken down into 2 _________________ molecules, ____ ATP, and _____ NADH are produced. The 2 pyruvate molecules enter the 2nd stage of cellular respir ...
... The 1st stage of cellular respiration is _______________. Takes place in the _______________ of the cell During this step, one molecule of glucose is broken down into 2 _________________ molecules, ____ ATP, and _____ NADH are produced. The 2 pyruvate molecules enter the 2nd stage of cellular respir ...
Summary of lesson
... Q10. The simulation refers to oxidative phosphorylation, which is similar to respiration in that both require which molecule? A. Oxygen B. H20 C. CO2 D. Light Q11. FADH2 can be converted into how many ATPs? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 Q12. NADH can be converted into how many ATP molecules? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. ...
... Q10. The simulation refers to oxidative phosphorylation, which is similar to respiration in that both require which molecule? A. Oxygen B. H20 C. CO2 D. Light Q11. FADH2 can be converted into how many ATPs? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 Q12. NADH can be converted into how many ATP molecules? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. ...
energy - Old Saybrook Public Schools
... • Energy is stored in chemical bonds and can be released and transformed by metabolic pathways. • Chemical energy available to do work is termed ...
... • Energy is stored in chemical bonds and can be released and transformed by metabolic pathways. • Chemical energy available to do work is termed ...
Pathology Ketone bodies are created at moderate
... The Hows and Whys of Ketones There are two basic forms of fuel the body uses to keep maintain cellular metabolism. The primary form is glucose. Glucose is obtained from digested carbs. Protein can also be converted to glucose in a process called gluconeogensis. Fat when digested is broken down into ...
... The Hows and Whys of Ketones There are two basic forms of fuel the body uses to keep maintain cellular metabolism. The primary form is glucose. Glucose is obtained from digested carbs. Protein can also be converted to glucose in a process called gluconeogensis. Fat when digested is broken down into ...
Gluconeogenesis - Assignment Point
... acids, after their amino group has been removed, feed into parts of the citric acid cycle, and can thus can generate glucose in this pathway. • Fatty acids cannot be turned into glucose, as they are broken down into the two carbon acetyl CoA. (However glycerol which is a part of all triacylglyceride ...
... acids, after their amino group has been removed, feed into parts of the citric acid cycle, and can thus can generate glucose in this pathway. • Fatty acids cannot be turned into glucose, as they are broken down into the two carbon acetyl CoA. (However glycerol which is a part of all triacylglyceride ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
... during the redox reactions. The reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 then transfer highenergy electrons to the electron transport chain. Each cycle produces one ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation, three NADH, and one FADH2 per acetyl CoA. ...
... during the redox reactions. The reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 then transfer highenergy electrons to the electron transport chain. Each cycle produces one ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation, three NADH, and one FADH2 per acetyl CoA. ...
Cell Respiration Stations
... At the same time, Complex I moves four protons (H+) across the membrane, producing a proton gradient. ...
... At the same time, Complex I moves four protons (H+) across the membrane, producing a proton gradient. ...
Cellular respiration
... 2 FAD + 2 H2 2 FADH2 • Carbon atoms of glucose have all been carried away as CO2 and exhaled • Energy lost as heat, stored in 2 ATP, 8 reduced NADH, 2 FADH2 molecules of the matrix reactions and 2 NADH from glycolysis • Citric acid cycle is a source of substances for synthesis of fats and nonessen ...
... 2 FAD + 2 H2 2 FADH2 • Carbon atoms of glucose have all been carried away as CO2 and exhaled • Energy lost as heat, stored in 2 ATP, 8 reduced NADH, 2 FADH2 molecules of the matrix reactions and 2 NADH from glycolysis • Citric acid cycle is a source of substances for synthesis of fats and nonessen ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION STATIONS
... At the same time, Complex I moves four protons (H+) across the membrane, producing a proton gradient. ...
... At the same time, Complex I moves four protons (H+) across the membrane, producing a proton gradient. ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.