Introduction - Cedar Crest College
... Coupled with glycolysis, aerobic respiration captures 63 percent of the energy stored in glucose; fermentation captures only 3.5 percent. Aerobic respiration is 18 times more efficient at harvesting energy from glucose. ...
... Coupled with glycolysis, aerobic respiration captures 63 percent of the energy stored in glucose; fermentation captures only 3.5 percent. Aerobic respiration is 18 times more efficient at harvesting energy from glucose. ...
Introduction - Evergreen State College Archives
... As two acetate molecules are contributed from each glucose, twice this number of high-energy molecules are generated per glucose. See Figure 7.9 for a complete accounting. ...
... As two acetate molecules are contributed from each glucose, twice this number of high-energy molecules are generated per glucose. See Figure 7.9 for a complete accounting. ...
Respiration
... intermembrance space B. Electrons are transported across the membrane using ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) and cytochrome C ...
... intermembrance space B. Electrons are transported across the membrane using ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) and cytochrome C ...
An overview of Metabolism - Harford Community College
... Example of a redox reaction: NAD+ • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme that carries electrons to be used in the electron transport chain. ...
... Example of a redox reaction: NAD+ • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme that carries electrons to be used in the electron transport chain. ...
Learning Objectives
... Know how pyruvate dehydrogenase complex works (cofactors involved, mechanism, regulation) Know net reaction Know where ATP, CO2, FADH2 and NADH are made Know ultimate # ATP formed Stereospecificity of aconitase, fumarase ...
... Know how pyruvate dehydrogenase complex works (cofactors involved, mechanism, regulation) Know net reaction Know where ATP, CO2, FADH2 and NADH are made Know ultimate # ATP formed Stereospecificity of aconitase, fumarase ...
Photosynthesis “Carbon Fixation” λ Energy H20 O2 water oxidized
... reactions that are energetically favorable reactions to those that are energetically unfavorable ...
... reactions that are energetically favorable reactions to those that are energetically unfavorable ...
Energy in Ecosystems Part 2 : Cell Respiration
... A. When oxygen is present, pyruvate created in glycolysis enters the mitochondria. B. Aerobic Respiration occurs in WhatTwo happens after glycolysis Stages: ...
... A. When oxygen is present, pyruvate created in glycolysis enters the mitochondria. B. Aerobic Respiration occurs in WhatTwo happens after glycolysis Stages: ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism - BITS Academic Resource Center
... Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis, enter into the Kreb's cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP. Oxidative phosphory ...
... Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis, enter into the Kreb's cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP. Oxidative phosphory ...
Exam 3 Review
... 8. Know the overall catabolic pathway for the complete catabolism of dietary carbohydrates: • Know the major steps and the products (main metabolites, energy carriers) of those steps: digestion, glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... 8. Know the overall catabolic pathway for the complete catabolism of dietary carbohydrates: • Know the major steps and the products (main metabolites, energy carriers) of those steps: digestion, glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation. ...
Electron Transport Chain Questions
... 3. Where in the cell does glycolysis take place? In the cytoplasm (cytosol) of the cell 4. How many ATP are used (changed to ADP) in the first half of glycolysis? 2 ATP are used 5. How many ATP are made from ADP in the second half of glycolysis? 4 ATP are made 6. What is the net gain of ATP for glyc ...
... 3. Where in the cell does glycolysis take place? In the cytoplasm (cytosol) of the cell 4. How many ATP are used (changed to ADP) in the first half of glycolysis? 2 ATP are used 5. How many ATP are made from ADP in the second half of glycolysis? 4 ATP are made 6. What is the net gain of ATP for glyc ...
lecture CH23 chem131pikul
... Stage [4] – Electron Transport Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed. ...
... Stage [4] – Electron Transport Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed. ...
101 -- 2006
... __ 53. Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to _____ and in this step form _____. a) lactate; ATP c) alcohol; ATP e) lactate; NAD+ b) alcohol; CO2 d) ATP; NAD+ __ 54. Which process in eukaryotic cells will normally proceed whether O2 is present or absent? a) fermentation c) Krebs cycl ...
... __ 53. Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to _____ and in this step form _____. a) lactate; ATP c) alcohol; ATP e) lactate; NAD+ b) alcohol; CO2 d) ATP; NAD+ __ 54. Which process in eukaryotic cells will normally proceed whether O2 is present or absent? a) fermentation c) Krebs cycl ...
Cellular Respiration Notes (Overhead Version)
... The ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN makes up the Second Stage of Aerobic Respiration. It LINES the INNER MEMBRANE of the Mitochondrion, the inner membrane has many long folds called CRISTAE. ATP is produced by the Electron Transport Chain when NADH and FADH2 RELEASES Hydrogen Atoms, REGENERATING NAD+ and ...
... The ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN makes up the Second Stage of Aerobic Respiration. It LINES the INNER MEMBRANE of the Mitochondrion, the inner membrane has many long folds called CRISTAE. ATP is produced by the Electron Transport Chain when NADH and FADH2 RELEASES Hydrogen Atoms, REGENERATING NAD+ and ...
chapter 6 - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
... 1. For pyruvic acid to enter the citric acid cycle, it must first be oxidized to acetyl CoA. The acetyl CoA then joins with a molecule of oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid in the citric acid cycle. After one turn of the citric acid cycle, the citric acid regenerates the oxaloacetic acid molecule ...
... 1. For pyruvic acid to enter the citric acid cycle, it must first be oxidized to acetyl CoA. The acetyl CoA then joins with a molecule of oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid in the citric acid cycle. After one turn of the citric acid cycle, the citric acid regenerates the oxaloacetic acid molecule ...
File - Ms. Richards IB Biology HL
... • Most carriers are proteins bound to nonprotein cofactors which alternate between reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons ...
... • Most carriers are proteins bound to nonprotein cofactors which alternate between reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons ...
test - Scioly.org
... glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate ...
... glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate ...
Cellular Respiration
... 13. Why does fermentation occur? Why is it less helpful than aerobic respiration? 14. List the 2 types of fermentation – one performed by yeasts & bacteria, the other by organisms such as us. ...
... 13. Why does fermentation occur? Why is it less helpful than aerobic respiration? 14. List the 2 types of fermentation – one performed by yeasts & bacteria, the other by organisms such as us. ...
Energy, enzymes and metabolism
... The second law of thermodynamics dictates that every energy transformation ∆H between a system and its surroundings must carry a net increase in entropy. The amount of energy lost in the process equals T∆S. The remaining energy that can be used to do work is called the Gibbs free energy: ∆G = ∆H-T∆S ...
... The second law of thermodynamics dictates that every energy transformation ∆H between a system and its surroundings must carry a net increase in entropy. The amount of energy lost in the process equals T∆S. The remaining energy that can be used to do work is called the Gibbs free energy: ∆G = ∆H-T∆S ...
CHAPTER-IV LIPID METABOLISM BETA
... ATP ={(8-1)*17+12-2} equivalents per palmitate. Beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids changes the ATP yield due to the requirement of two possible additional enzymes. Ketogenesis Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are produced as a result of fatty acid breakdown. Types of ketone b ...
... ATP ={(8-1)*17+12-2} equivalents per palmitate. Beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids changes the ATP yield due to the requirement of two possible additional enzymes. Ketogenesis Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are produced as a result of fatty acid breakdown. Types of ketone b ...
Answers to study guide
... metabolism- the sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism glycolysis- the breakdown of sugar into pyruvate – takes place in the cytoplasm Krebs cycle(citric acid cycle)- finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and releasing more ATP and also NADH and FADH2 A ...
... metabolism- the sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism glycolysis- the breakdown of sugar into pyruvate – takes place in the cytoplasm Krebs cycle(citric acid cycle)- finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and releasing more ATP and also NADH and FADH2 A ...
Unit 3
... breakdown of glucose to pyruvate without the use of oxygen. Pyruvate is then converted into lactic acid, which limits the amount of ATP produced (2 ATP molecules). ...
... breakdown of glucose to pyruvate without the use of oxygen. Pyruvate is then converted into lactic acid, which limits the amount of ATP produced (2 ATP molecules). ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.