Regeneration of NAD+ Lactic Acid Fermentation
... • Fructose is phosphorylated to fructose-1phosphate, which is acted on by a special aldolase. (See Figure 19.32) • The regulatory enzyme PFK is bypassed. ...
... • Fructose is phosphorylated to fructose-1phosphate, which is acted on by a special aldolase. (See Figure 19.32) • The regulatory enzyme PFK is bypassed. ...
Chapter 9 powerpoint and animations
... prokaryotes probably used glycolysis to make ATP before oxygen was present • Earliest fossil bacteria present 3.5 billion years ago but large amounts of oxygen not present until 2.7 billion years ago • Glycolysis happens in cytoplasm without membrane bound organelles suggests it was found in early p ...
... prokaryotes probably used glycolysis to make ATP before oxygen was present • Earliest fossil bacteria present 3.5 billion years ago but large amounts of oxygen not present until 2.7 billion years ago • Glycolysis happens in cytoplasm without membrane bound organelles suggests it was found in early p ...
Document
... A third solution to the NAD+ problem • Certain anaerobic bacteria solve NAD+ problem by using compounds from ...
... A third solution to the NAD+ problem • Certain anaerobic bacteria solve NAD+ problem by using compounds from ...
L10v01a_intro_to_metabolism.stamped_doc
... amino acids, phospholipids, nucleotides, other cofactors that we need to synthesize in order to support cell division, new cells. And this lays the foundation for the calculations that people are able to do. [00:04:33.87] As you can see, we know what the input is, and we know the connectivity of th ...
... amino acids, phospholipids, nucleotides, other cofactors that we need to synthesize in order to support cell division, new cells. And this lays the foundation for the calculations that people are able to do. [00:04:33.87] As you can see, we know what the input is, and we know the connectivity of th ...
Unit 3 Homework
... What cellular organelle in the muscles is responsible for using oxygen, glucose, and other organic molecules to make ATP? ...
... What cellular organelle in the muscles is responsible for using oxygen, glucose, and other organic molecules to make ATP? ...
Guided Reading Unit 3
... What cellular organelle in the muscles is responsible for using oxygen, glucose, and other organic molecules to make ATP? ...
... What cellular organelle in the muscles is responsible for using oxygen, glucose, and other organic molecules to make ATP? ...
Slide 1
... Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate In glycolysis, – a single molecule of ____________ is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps, – two molecules of _____________ are produced, – two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to two molecules of ____________, and ...
... Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate In glycolysis, – a single molecule of ____________ is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps, – two molecules of _____________ are produced, – two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to two molecules of ____________, and ...
Alternative Pathways to Cellular Respiration!
... cycle cannot fuction thus photosynthesis cannot occur. When CO2 levels are low and rubisco has trouble finding it the CO2 travels through the stomata into the mesophyll cell and PEP carboxylase finds it and gives the CO2 to rubisco Once the rubsico has the CO2 it travels to the bundlesheath cell, wh ...
... cycle cannot fuction thus photosynthesis cannot occur. When CO2 levels are low and rubisco has trouble finding it the CO2 travels through the stomata into the mesophyll cell and PEP carboxylase finds it and gives the CO2 to rubisco Once the rubsico has the CO2 it travels to the bundlesheath cell, wh ...
Bio160 ExIII Sp09
... 32. NADP+ is a molecule that: a. carries electrons in plants b. carries electrons in all organisms c. carries energy in the form of a phosphate d. turns into water in metabolism e. allows ATP to be made 33. Where in a eukaryotic cell would you expect to find sugar being broken down to make ATP? a. m ...
... 32. NADP+ is a molecule that: a. carries electrons in plants b. carries electrons in all organisms c. carries energy in the form of a phosphate d. turns into water in metabolism e. allows ATP to be made 33. Where in a eukaryotic cell would you expect to find sugar being broken down to make ATP? a. m ...
Spring 2016 Practice Final Exam w/ solution
... A) gluconeogenesis B) glycogen synthesis C) beta oxidation of fatty acids D) all of the above XXV. Which molecule is a substrate for glycogen synthesis? A) glucose-6-phosphate B) ADP-glucose C) UDP-glucose D) glucose 1,6-bisphosphate XXVI. Which of the following best describes the Cori cycle? A) Gly ...
... A) gluconeogenesis B) glycogen synthesis C) beta oxidation of fatty acids D) all of the above XXV. Which molecule is a substrate for glycogen synthesis? A) glucose-6-phosphate B) ADP-glucose C) UDP-glucose D) glucose 1,6-bisphosphate XXVI. Which of the following best describes the Cori cycle? A) Gly ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... Heterotrophs: Cannot make their own food Autotrophs: Can make their own food ...
... Heterotrophs: Cannot make their own food Autotrophs: Can make their own food ...
Exam 2 Practice - Nicholls State University
... 20. The Krebs cycle depends on the presence of many molecules. Which molecule is NOT required by the Krebs cycle? a. NAD b. ADP c. H2O d. acetyl CoA 21. Which compound is NOT produced during anaerobic glycolysis? a. ATP b. pyruvate d. lactic acid c. FADH2 22. When carbohydrates are taken into a cell ...
... 20. The Krebs cycle depends on the presence of many molecules. Which molecule is NOT required by the Krebs cycle? a. NAD b. ADP c. H2O d. acetyl CoA 21. Which compound is NOT produced during anaerobic glycolysis? a. ATP b. pyruvate d. lactic acid c. FADH2 22. When carbohydrates are taken into a cell ...
Cellular Respiration
... Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 The electron transport chain generates no ATP The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts ...
... Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 The electron transport chain generates no ATP The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts ...
Essential Concept of Metabolism
... 2 stable glyceraldehydes phosphate (P-GAL) - important intermediate compound. Note: ATP is synthesized in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation. This means that an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule (substrate) to ADP, forming ATP. Pyruvic acid must be converted to A ...
... 2 stable glyceraldehydes phosphate (P-GAL) - important intermediate compound. Note: ATP is synthesized in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation. This means that an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule (substrate) to ADP, forming ATP. Pyruvic acid must be converted to A ...
Black-Chapter 5 – Essential Concept of Metabolism
... 2 stable glyceraldehydes phosphate (P-GAL) - important intermediate compound. Note: ATP is synthesized in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation. This means that an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule (substrate) to ADP, forming ATP. Pyruvic acid must be converted to A ...
... 2 stable glyceraldehydes phosphate (P-GAL) - important intermediate compound. Note: ATP is synthesized in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation. This means that an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule (substrate) to ADP, forming ATP. Pyruvic acid must be converted to A ...
Slide 1
... • Pyruvic acid (made from Glycolysis) is broken down into citric acid. • Citric Acid is broken down and releases CO2 during each step of the cycle. • ATP is also created • Also releases more high energy electrons • Input = Pyruvic Acid, NAD+, FAD_ (another electron carrier), and ADP • Output = NADH, ...
... • Pyruvic acid (made from Glycolysis) is broken down into citric acid. • Citric Acid is broken down and releases CO2 during each step of the cycle. • ATP is also created • Also releases more high energy electrons • Input = Pyruvic Acid, NAD+, FAD_ (another electron carrier), and ADP • Output = NADH, ...
b-Oxidation of fatty acids
... 1. 26/104 amino acids residues have been invariant for > 1.5 x 109 years. 2. Met 80 and His 18 - coordinate Fe. 3. 11 residues from number 70 - 80 lining a hydrophobic crevice have remained virtually unchanged throughout all cytochrome c regardless of species or even kingdom. 4. A number of invarian ...
... 1. 26/104 amino acids residues have been invariant for > 1.5 x 109 years. 2. Met 80 and His 18 - coordinate Fe. 3. 11 residues from number 70 - 80 lining a hydrophobic crevice have remained virtually unchanged throughout all cytochrome c regardless of species or even kingdom. 4. A number of invarian ...
Slide 1
... – 2. Oxidization of the remaining 2-carbon compound to form acetate – 3. Coenzyme A binds to the 2-carbon fragment forming acetyl coenzyme A • Products are CO2 , Acetyl CoA, and NADH ...
... – 2. Oxidization of the remaining 2-carbon compound to form acetate – 3. Coenzyme A binds to the 2-carbon fragment forming acetyl coenzyme A • Products are CO2 , Acetyl CoA, and NADH ...
Document
... 26. Meiotic division occurs mainly in sex cells to form gametes (sperms and ova)…………. 27. Starch is a storage polysaccharide stored in animal liver ………………………….......... 28. The viral capsid composed of protein units called capsomeres ....................................... 29. During cell respiratio ...
... 26. Meiotic division occurs mainly in sex cells to form gametes (sperms and ova)…………. 27. Starch is a storage polysaccharide stored in animal liver ………………………….......... 28. The viral capsid composed of protein units called capsomeres ....................................... 29. During cell respiratio ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.