Download Guided Reading Unit 3

Guided Reading Unit 3
Section 5.5
Define energy of activation.
What is a catalyst?
Enzymes are what kind of catalyst?
Section 5.6
The reactant that an enzyme works on is called a _______________________ and the end result
of the reaction is a _________________________.
Describe the active site.
What happens during induced fit?
After the reaction, what happens to the enzyme?
Section 5.7
Explain denaturing.
What three things can happen to denature a protein?
1.
2.
3.
Define cofactors and coenzymes.
Section 5.8
What is an inhibitor?
Describe a competitive inhibitor.
Explain what a noncompetitive inhibitor does.
Why is enzyme inhibition important?
Explain feedback inhibition.
Section 5.9
How do antibiotics work?
Why do we take painkillers?
Section 5.3
Define endergonic and exergonic.
Section 5.4
Give some examples of the function of ATP.
Describe the ATP molecule. What bond is broken to release energy?
When ATP releases its energy it also releases ____________________ and becomes ________.
Explain phosphorylation.
How does ATP drive chemical reactions, mechanical work, and transport in a cell?
Draw the ATP/ADP cycle.
Section 7.1
Autotroph means __________________________. What do they do?
Section 7.2
What are chloroplasts and where do they get their green color?
The inner compartment of a chloroplast is the:
The inner membrane of the chloroplast folds into a system of interconnected membranous sacs
called:
What are the grana?
Where is the chlorophyll?
Section 7.3
Write the balanced equation for photosynthesis.
Where does the oxygen produced in photosynthesis come from?
What happens to the carbon dioxide that a plant takes in?
Section 7.4
What does it mean when something is oxidized?
What happens to carbon dioxide when it is reduced to sugar?
Section 7.5
What does the word photosynthesis mean?
Section 7.6
What part of the electromagnetic spectrum do plants use for photosynthesis?
Why are plants green?
What is a photon?
Section 7.7
What part of the chlorophyll molecule becomes unstable and gets passed to other molecules?
Explain why the first photosystem in the light reactions is called Photosystem II.
Section 7.8
In the light reactions, light energy is transformed into:
The energy lost by the reaction center is captured by the:
How does the reaction center replace that electron?
The electron from Photosystem II goes to:
What happens to the electron from Photosystem I?
What are the products of the light reactions?
Section 7.9
What is photophosphorylation?
Section 7.10
The Calvin Cycle is also called the Carbon Fixing Cycle because ____________________
from the air is turned into ____________________.
What molecule helps the Calvin Cycle by reducing molecules to make G3P? It does this by
providing electrons and hydrogen ions.
What molecule provides energy to the Calvin Cycle?
How many carbon dioxides are used in each turn of the Calvin Cycle?
What is the product of the Calvin Cycle?
How does a plant make glucose?
Section 7.11
Where do light reactions occur?
Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?
Section 7.12
What is a problem that C3 plants face?
Explain photorespiration.
How does a C4 plant handle hot and dry weather?
Explain how CAM plants handle hot and dry weather.
Section 7.13
What does the ozone layer do?
What would happen without the Greenhouse Effect?
Name the greenhouse gasses.
Carbon dioxide levels rising and _____________________________________________
contribute to global warming/climate change.
Section 7.14
Explain how humans are destroying the ozone layer.
Section 6.1
List four examples of how a cell uses energy.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Describe briefly the process of photosynthesis.
Describe briefly the process of cellular respiration.
What is misleading about the following statement: “Plants perform photosynthesis and animals
perform cellular respiration”?
Section 6.2
What cellular organelle in the muscles is responsible for using oxygen, glucose, and other
organic molecules to make ATP?
Section 6.3
What is the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration?
How many ATP molecules can be produced from 1 glucose molecule?
How much of the energy stored in glucose can be used? What is the rest released as?
Why are sweating and other body cooling mechanisms necessary during vigorous exercise?
Section 6.4
Using Table 6.4, list the 3 activities that consume the most calories in order (1 being the highest).
1.
3.
2.
Section 6.5
What is the function of NAD+? What does it become after it has been reduced?
Where does the electron transport chain occur?
Section 6.6
Where does glycolysis occur?
What is the main function of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?
Section 6.7
Define glycolysis.
What happens in substrate-level phosphorylation?
How many cells perform glyclolysis?
Does glycolysis require oxygen?
What happens to energy in the preparatory stages of glycolysis?
What is the net gain of ATP at the end of glycolysis?
Glycolysis splits one molecule of ____________________ that has __________ carbons
into __________ molecules of ____________________ that have __________ carbons each.
What happens in most cells, in the presence of oxygen, after glycolysis?
Section 6.8
As pyruvate is groomed for the citric acid cycle, one molecule of ____________________ is
released, electrons are given to the molecule __________ (which then becomes __________),
and a vitamin called ____________________ is added. The new molecule is called:
For each molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis, __________ molecules of acetyl CoA are
produced and enter the citric acid cycle.
Section 6.9
What does Coenzyme A do?
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
In addition to NAD+, __________ is also an electron carrier.
The carbon in acetyl CoA leaves the citric acid cycle as the molecule____________________.
Each turn of the citric acid cycle makes one __________ molecule for energy, three __________
molecules and one __________ molecule. These last four molecules are electron carriers.
Since each glucose molecule splits, two acetyl CoA molecules go through the citric acid cycle,
bringing the total yield per glucose molecule to _____ ATP, _____ NADH, and _____ FADH2.
So that the cell can use the energy in NADH and FADH2, these molecules must shuttle their
electrons through the ______________________________.
Section 6.10
What are the cristae?
What do NADH and FADH2 donate to the electron transport chain?
As electrons are passed down molecules in the energy staircase, the membrane proteins use that
energy to transport hydrogen ions from the ________________ to the ____________________.
Why do they do this?
The hydrogen ion gradient is analogous to:
The hydrogen ions flow back across the membrane through the channel protein:
What happens as hydrogen ions flow through ATP synthase?
Why is this process called oxidative phosphorylation?
What happens because of chemiosmosis?
What is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain? What does it become at the
end of the reaction?
Section 6.11
Name one electron transport blocker and describe what it does.
How can a respiratory poison inhibit ATP synthase?
What is one uncoupler and how does it work?
Section 6.12
How many ATP are made for each glucose molecule?
Section 6.13
Fermentation provides:
What kind of fermentation do humans do?
During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to:
How is this fermentation used by industry?
What kind of fermentation do yeasts use?
What are the two products of alcoholic fermentation?
What are strict anaerobes?
What is a facultative anaerobe?
Section 6.14
How does your cell get energy from starches?
If your cell needs to harvest energy from proteins, what will it do with the extra amino acids?
What happens when your body processes fats?
Section 6.15
What is biosynthesis?
How do our cells make molecules that are not present in food?
Section 6.16
The products of cellular respiration are:
The substrates of photosynthesis are: