Cellular Respiration
... What affects the rate of cellular respiration in yeast? Through a process called cellular respiration, the cells of most organisms use oxygen to release the energy that is stored in food molecules. Fungi use a different process, called fermentation, that does not use oxygen to release energy. Durin ...
... What affects the rate of cellular respiration in yeast? Through a process called cellular respiration, the cells of most organisms use oxygen to release the energy that is stored in food molecules. Fungi use a different process, called fermentation, that does not use oxygen to release energy. Durin ...
BY 123 Mock Exam #2 Answer Key Chapters 8,9,10,12,13 Catabolic
... d. Water is a reducing agent e. Oxygen is a reducing agent Some prokaryotes use anaerobic respiration, a process that: a. Does not involve an electron transport chain b. Produces ATP solely by substrate-level phosphorylation c. Uses a substance other than oxygen as the final electron acceptor d. Doe ...
... d. Water is a reducing agent e. Oxygen is a reducing agent Some prokaryotes use anaerobic respiration, a process that: a. Does not involve an electron transport chain b. Produces ATP solely by substrate-level phosphorylation c. Uses a substance other than oxygen as the final electron acceptor d. Doe ...
Bio Respiration 2009 Yingxin
... Electron Transport Chain (Oxidative Phosphorylation) O Occurs in inner membrane of mitochondria O Hydrogen pairs are transferred to the ETC, a series of hydrogen and electron carriers O ATP is formed as electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to oxygen via electron carriers (NADH > NAD+, FADH2 ...
... Electron Transport Chain (Oxidative Phosphorylation) O Occurs in inner membrane of mitochondria O Hydrogen pairs are transferred to the ETC, a series of hydrogen and electron carriers O ATP is formed as electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to oxygen via electron carriers (NADH > NAD+, FADH2 ...
Outline - Utexas
... 2. Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle a. glucose completely dismantled b. CO2 produced c. 2 ATP, 6 NADH and 2 FADH2 generated ...
... 2. Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle a. glucose completely dismantled b. CO2 produced c. 2 ATP, 6 NADH and 2 FADH2 generated ...
MMG 301, Lecture 19 Fermentation
... to ethanol or lactic acid? • What controls whether a cell is capable of fermenting fatty acids vs sugars (and which types of sugars)? • If a microbe can ferment either of two substrates, what controls the outcome if both substrates are present? • How might pH affect the energetics of fermentation? ...
... to ethanol or lactic acid? • What controls whether a cell is capable of fermenting fatty acids vs sugars (and which types of sugars)? • If a microbe can ferment either of two substrates, what controls the outcome if both substrates are present? • How might pH affect the energetics of fermentation? ...
Amino Acid Synthesis
... – Pyruvatealanine – Oxaloacetateaspartate – ‐ketoglutarateglutamate ...
... – Pyruvatealanine – Oxaloacetateaspartate – ‐ketoglutarateglutamate ...
Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth
... released from bonds is free energy Energy available to do work If reactants have more free energy than products, energy is released Exergonic reaction If products have more energy that reactants, energy is consumed Endergonic reaction ...
... released from bonds is free energy Energy available to do work If reactants have more free energy than products, energy is released Exergonic reaction If products have more energy that reactants, energy is consumed Endergonic reaction ...
7. Metabolism
... Anabolism is the building up of body compounds and requires energy. Catabolism is the breakdown of body compounds and releases energy. The Transfer of Energy in Reactions—ATP 1. A high-energy compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is made. 2. Coupled reactions are chemical reactions that occur ...
... Anabolism is the building up of body compounds and requires energy. Catabolism is the breakdown of body compounds and releases energy. The Transfer of Energy in Reactions—ATP 1. A high-energy compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is made. 2. Coupled reactions are chemical reactions that occur ...
ATP: The Main energy carrier
... make ATP. – amino acids not usually needed for energy – about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate ...
... make ATP. – amino acids not usually needed for energy – about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... reactions. Glycolysis begins with the addition of energy. Two highenergy phosphates from two molecules of ATP are added to the six-carbon molecule glucose, producing a six-carbon molecule with two phosphates. ...
... reactions. Glycolysis begins with the addition of energy. Two highenergy phosphates from two molecules of ATP are added to the six-carbon molecule glucose, producing a six-carbon molecule with two phosphates. ...
NME2.26 - Introduction to Metabolic Pathways
... Energy is stored in the body mainly as fats and glycogen Fat is the major energy store of the body making up more than 7kg total body weight o Mainly stored in adipocytes as triglycerides o High calorific content – 5 times more energy efficient than carbohydrates o Water-insoluble – does not require ...
... Energy is stored in the body mainly as fats and glycogen Fat is the major energy store of the body making up more than 7kg total body weight o Mainly stored in adipocytes as triglycerides o High calorific content – 5 times more energy efficient than carbohydrates o Water-insoluble – does not require ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical energy
... the fuel to oxygen at one time. Rather, glucose and other fuels are broken down in a series of steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. At key steps, electrons are stripped from the glucose. In many oxidation reactions, the electron is transferred with a proton, as a hydrogen atom. ...
... the fuel to oxygen at one time. Rather, glucose and other fuels are broken down in a series of steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. At key steps, electrons are stripped from the glucose. In many oxidation reactions, the electron is transferred with a proton, as a hydrogen atom. ...
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Background - Rose
... free CoA-SH. The energy of the high-energy bond in the succinyl-CoA is conserved in the substrate-level phosphorylation of GDP to form GTP. Because the reaction GTP + ADP GDP + ATP has a ∆G´° of zero, the formation of GTP is equivalent to forming an ATP. Succinyl-CoA synthetase catalyzes a reversib ...
... free CoA-SH. The energy of the high-energy bond in the succinyl-CoA is conserved in the substrate-level phosphorylation of GDP to form GTP. Because the reaction GTP + ADP GDP + ATP has a ∆G´° of zero, the formation of GTP is equivalent to forming an ATP. Succinyl-CoA synthetase catalyzes a reversib ...
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... In Eukaryotic Cells, the reaction of Aerobic Respiration occur Inside MITOCHONDRIA. ...
... In Eukaryotic Cells, the reaction of Aerobic Respiration occur Inside MITOCHONDRIA. ...
Lesson element
... You should arrange the learners into small groups and provide them with access to resources about the Krebs cycle; some are provided in the resource list above. In the previous activity the learners will have identified and explained glycolysis and the next stage of the process of aerobic respiratio ...
... You should arrange the learners into small groups and provide them with access to resources about the Krebs cycle; some are provided in the resource list above. In the previous activity the learners will have identified and explained glycolysis and the next stage of the process of aerobic respiratio ...
Name 1 Bio 451 12th November, 1999 EXAM III This
... Explain the effect of adding each of the following compounds, in turn, to the same suspension; ADP, oligomycin, 2,4-dinitrophenol. Please ignore the slight blips. Begin by stating, according to the graph, what effect ADP has on the rate of oxygen consumption. ...
... Explain the effect of adding each of the following compounds, in turn, to the same suspension; ADP, oligomycin, 2,4-dinitrophenol. Please ignore the slight blips. Begin by stating, according to the graph, what effect ADP has on the rate of oxygen consumption. ...
METABOLISM
... Lipolysis = triglycerides are split into fatty acids and glycerol. As a part of normal fatty acid catabolism, ketone bodies are formed. An excess of ketone bodies (ketosis), may cause acidosis or abnormally low blood pH. ...
... Lipolysis = triglycerides are split into fatty acids and glycerol. As a part of normal fatty acid catabolism, ketone bodies are formed. An excess of ketone bodies (ketosis), may cause acidosis or abnormally low blood pH. ...
Respiration
... • The citric acid cycle has eight steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme • The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate • The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate, making the process a cycle • The NADH and FADH2 produced b ...
... • The citric acid cycle has eight steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme • The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate • The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate, making the process a cycle • The NADH and FADH2 produced b ...
Metabolism - Glycolysis
... reactions that breakdown complex molecule into simple compounds AND yield energy ...
... reactions that breakdown complex molecule into simple compounds AND yield energy ...
File - Kirkwall Grammar School
... Complete the table on substrates used for Respiration and their fates ...
... Complete the table on substrates used for Respiration and their fates ...
Cellular respiration - how cells make energy
... - multi carbon compound looses electrons (as two hydrogens). - NAD+ gets the electrons and becomes NADH. It also picks up a hydrogen atom in the process. - another hydrogen atom (ion) is put into the solution surrounding the membrane. - NADH will use its new found energy in an electron transport cha ...
... - multi carbon compound looses electrons (as two hydrogens). - NAD+ gets the electrons and becomes NADH. It also picks up a hydrogen atom in the process. - another hydrogen atom (ion) is put into the solution surrounding the membrane. - NADH will use its new found energy in an electron transport cha ...
Biogeochemical Cycles
... Sulfur (S) enters the atmosphere as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) during fossil fuel combustion, volcanic eruptions, gas exchange at ocean surfaces, and decomposition. SO2 and water vapor makes H2SO4 ( a weak sulfuric acid), which is then carried to Earth in rainfall. Sulfur in soluble form is taken up ...
... Sulfur (S) enters the atmosphere as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) during fossil fuel combustion, volcanic eruptions, gas exchange at ocean surfaces, and decomposition. SO2 and water vapor makes H2SO4 ( a weak sulfuric acid), which is then carried to Earth in rainfall. Sulfur in soluble form is taken up ...
NATURE`S BIOLOGICAL BUILDING BLOCKS
... Composed of subunits (molecules) called amino acids joined together by a peptide bond. Proteins may be structural (as in muscle tissue and connective tissue) or enzymatic. They may also function as hormones. ...
... Composed of subunits (molecules) called amino acids joined together by a peptide bond. Proteins may be structural (as in muscle tissue and connective tissue) or enzymatic. They may also function as hormones. ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.