Aerobic vs. Anaerobic respiration
... down glucose when oxygen is absent. Produces CO2 and alcohol Live yeast: undergoing anaerobic fermentation Breaking down glucose to form 2ATP ...
... down glucose when oxygen is absent. Produces CO2 and alcohol Live yeast: undergoing anaerobic fermentation Breaking down glucose to form 2ATP ...
Chapter 1: Prelude
... Membranes are bimolecular sheets with a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic moiety, consisting mainly of lipids and proteins, to which carbohydrates are linked. The hydrophilic unit of a single sheet is built by polar head groups, carbon tails serve as hydrophobic unit. The two sheets are noncovalent asse ...
... Membranes are bimolecular sheets with a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic moiety, consisting mainly of lipids and proteins, to which carbohydrates are linked. The hydrophilic unit of a single sheet is built by polar head groups, carbon tails serve as hydrophobic unit. The two sheets are noncovalent asse ...
Pathways that Harvest and Store Chemical Energy
... Lipids break down to fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids can be converted to acetyl CoA. Proteins are hydrolyzed to amino acids that can feed into glycolysis or the citric acid cycle. ...
... Lipids break down to fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids can be converted to acetyl CoA. Proteins are hydrolyzed to amino acids that can feed into glycolysis or the citric acid cycle. ...
Name: Date: Concept Check Questions Chapter 8 (orange) or 6
... concentration gradient. In some conditions, H+ ions flow back across the membrane and come to equal concentrations on each side. In which conditions can the H+ ions perform work in this system? 8.3 ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions ...
... concentration gradient. In some conditions, H+ ions flow back across the membrane and come to equal concentrations on each side. In which conditions can the H+ ions perform work in this system? 8.3 ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions ...
Short Answer Questions: a workshop
... The conversion of pyruvate to lactate does not yield enough ATP. Krebs cycle cannot take place as there is little acetyl CoA (from glucose there is none!) No reduced coenzymes to enter oxidative phosphorylation stage and so not enough ATP is made. Without ATP, cells (neurones, etc.) cannot carry out ...
... The conversion of pyruvate to lactate does not yield enough ATP. Krebs cycle cannot take place as there is little acetyl CoA (from glucose there is none!) No reduced coenzymes to enter oxidative phosphorylation stage and so not enough ATP is made. Without ATP, cells (neurones, etc.) cannot carry out ...
My-B-Tabs™ Myoden Spray - wm
... Adenosine Monophosphate is purine nucleotide that is an intermediate in cellular metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism. AMP is directly involved in many normal biochemical processes including protein synthesis (intermediate to Krebs cycle) and is precursor to the energy carrier molecule Adenosine T ...
... Adenosine Monophosphate is purine nucleotide that is an intermediate in cellular metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism. AMP is directly involved in many normal biochemical processes including protein synthesis (intermediate to Krebs cycle) and is precursor to the energy carrier molecule Adenosine T ...
How Cells Release Chemical Energy – Cellular Respiration
... Bacteria & yeast (unicellular fungus) use fermentation to produce: lactate or other organic acids alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide yogurt, wine, beer, leavening of bread, ...
... Bacteria & yeast (unicellular fungus) use fermentation to produce: lactate or other organic acids alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide yogurt, wine, beer, leavening of bread, ...
respiration - Sakshieducation.com
... Glycolysis results in the formation of 2 molecules of Pyruvic acid, 2 NADH2 and net gain of 2 ATP. Ethyl alcohol is formed during fermentation by using the 2 NADH2 of glycolysis. Fermentation is formation of ethyl alcohol and CO2 from sugars. Fermentation is cytosolic process. It was first reported ...
... Glycolysis results in the formation of 2 molecules of Pyruvic acid, 2 NADH2 and net gain of 2 ATP. Ethyl alcohol is formed during fermentation by using the 2 NADH2 of glycolysis. Fermentation is formation of ethyl alcohol and CO2 from sugars. Fermentation is cytosolic process. It was first reported ...
Enduring Understanding: Growth, reproduction and maintenance of
... ATP by aerobic respiration when oxygen is available but switches to fermentation when oxygen is not available ◦ Obligate Anaerobes – carry out only fermentation (anaerobic respiration) and cannot survive in the presence of oxygen ...
... ATP by aerobic respiration when oxygen is available but switches to fermentation when oxygen is not available ◦ Obligate Anaerobes – carry out only fermentation (anaerobic respiration) and cannot survive in the presence of oxygen ...
How does ATP transfer energy?
... - Catabolic reactions are exergonic because energy is released when the complex molecules are broken down. - E.g. Cellular respiration ...
... - Catabolic reactions are exergonic because energy is released when the complex molecules are broken down. - E.g. Cellular respiration ...
2421_Ch5.ppt
... If you add this to the two we got from Krebs plus the two we gain from Glycolysis you have a total produced of 38 from the breakdown of a single glucose molecule ...
... If you add this to the two we got from Krebs plus the two we gain from Glycolysis you have a total produced of 38 from the breakdown of a single glucose molecule ...
Effect of Zinc on Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates and
... but the mechanism of this stimulatory action is not understood at present. The effect of zinc on the metabolism of A. pdrdsiticus has not been reported. It has been shown that soybean is a poor substrate for aflatoxin production because of its low content of zinc which.is bound to phytic acid (Gupta ...
... but the mechanism of this stimulatory action is not understood at present. The effect of zinc on the metabolism of A. pdrdsiticus has not been reported. It has been shown that soybean is a poor substrate for aflatoxin production because of its low content of zinc which.is bound to phytic acid (Gupta ...
control of intermediary metabolism
... GLYCOLYSIS IS ANAEROBIC-CARRIED OUT IN CYTOSOL GLUCOSE ----> 3 CARBON FRAGMENTS PLUS 2 ATP ...
... GLYCOLYSIS IS ANAEROBIC-CARRIED OUT IN CYTOSOL GLUCOSE ----> 3 CARBON FRAGMENTS PLUS 2 ATP ...
Electron Transport and oxidative phosphorylation (ATP Synthesis)
... toward carriers with higher reduction potential (high tendency to accept electrons) ...
... toward carriers with higher reduction potential (high tendency to accept electrons) ...
respiration-notes-co..
... thousands of copies of the electron transport chain per mitochondrion. The key is that one side of the chain faces the matrix and the other side faces the intermembrane space. Remember that we have generated some molecules of ATP already (through a process called substratelevel phosphorylation, wher ...
... thousands of copies of the electron transport chain per mitochondrion. The key is that one side of the chain faces the matrix and the other side faces the intermembrane space. Remember that we have generated some molecules of ATP already (through a process called substratelevel phosphorylation, wher ...
6 Energy
... back to work for the gumball glycolysis machine and the Kreb’s machine. Muscles are the only human cells that can do this. When no oxygen is present (such as in muscles during sprinting), the NADH molecules that were generated from glycolysis and the TCA cycle cannot use the electron transport cha ...
... back to work for the gumball glycolysis machine and the Kreb’s machine. Muscles are the only human cells that can do this. When no oxygen is present (such as in muscles during sprinting), the NADH molecules that were generated from glycolysis and the TCA cycle cannot use the electron transport cha ...
Chapter 11 - Introduction to Metabolism
... Can divide metabolism into 4 groups: carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides. within each group are a set of pathways arbitrarily set start and end points for ease of learning and reference pathways can take different forms: 1) linear - product of one reaction is substrate for another ...
... Can divide metabolism into 4 groups: carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides. within each group are a set of pathways arbitrarily set start and end points for ease of learning and reference pathways can take different forms: 1) linear - product of one reaction is substrate for another ...
Lactic Acid Fermentation
... there is no oxygen available for yeast so the NADH builds up and NAD+ runs out. If NAD+ runs out, glycolysis itself will stop and there will be NO ATP made again. This will cause the organism to die. Therefore, a recycling program is needed to get the NADH back to NAD+. In alcohol fermentation, the ...
... there is no oxygen available for yeast so the NADH builds up and NAD+ runs out. If NAD+ runs out, glycolysis itself will stop and there will be NO ATP made again. This will cause the organism to die. Therefore, a recycling program is needed to get the NADH back to NAD+. In alcohol fermentation, the ...
Chapter 9 outline
... During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
... During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
corrected version for study guide
... The highly folded inner membrane encloses a thick fluid called the matrix. Many enzymes and other molecules involved in cellular respiration are built into the inner membrane. The complex folding pattern of this membrane allows for many sites where these reactions can occur. This maximizes the mito ...
... The highly folded inner membrane encloses a thick fluid called the matrix. Many enzymes and other molecules involved in cellular respiration are built into the inner membrane. The complex folding pattern of this membrane allows for many sites where these reactions can occur. This maximizes the mito ...
Slides - gserianne.com
... Overview of Glucose Breakdown Occurs in three major of reaction series… 1. Glycolysis (glucose to pyruvate; in cytoplasm) 2. Citric acid cycle (finishes oxidation begun in glycolysis; in the matrix of mitochondria) 3. Electron transport chain (uses e- transfer to make ATP; on inner membranes of mit ...
... Overview of Glucose Breakdown Occurs in three major of reaction series… 1. Glycolysis (glucose to pyruvate; in cytoplasm) 2. Citric acid cycle (finishes oxidation begun in glycolysis; in the matrix of mitochondria) 3. Electron transport chain (uses e- transfer to make ATP; on inner membranes of mit ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.