Biochemistry II, Test One
... B. ATP provides free energy to a thermodynamically unfavorable reactions by group transfer, always donating a Pi to form a covalent intermediate. C. ATP can be regenerated by coupling with a reaction that releases more free energy than does ATP hydrolysis. D. A transmembrane proton-motive force can ...
... B. ATP provides free energy to a thermodynamically unfavorable reactions by group transfer, always donating a Pi to form a covalent intermediate. C. ATP can be regenerated by coupling with a reaction that releases more free energy than does ATP hydrolysis. D. A transmembrane proton-motive force can ...
Intro to Metabolism
... a. Here’s an example of regulation in the glycolytic pathway. b. The rate-limiting step is regulated by a variety of factors, this allows more options for pathway rate. c. ATP inhibits because if you have plenty of energy, you don’t need to produce more. d. Thus, ADP and AMP stimulate this pathway f ...
... a. Here’s an example of regulation in the glycolytic pathway. b. The rate-limiting step is regulated by a variety of factors, this allows more options for pathway rate. c. ATP inhibits because if you have plenty of energy, you don’t need to produce more. d. Thus, ADP and AMP stimulate this pathway f ...
Respiration5
... levels of intermediates compounds in the pathways regulation of earlier steps in pathways levels of other bio-molecules in body regulates rate of siphoning off to synthesis pathways ...
... levels of intermediates compounds in the pathways regulation of earlier steps in pathways levels of other bio-molecules in body regulates rate of siphoning off to synthesis pathways ...
Completed Note
... Long fatty acid chain linked to alcohol or carbon rings * Not a true monomer… Fatty acid chains ...
... Long fatty acid chain linked to alcohol or carbon rings * Not a true monomer… Fatty acid chains ...
Chapter 3 Last Set
... several amino acids; OAA also converted to phosphoenolpyruvate, a precursor of glucose • Succinyl-CoA: required for synthesis of cytochromes, chlorophyll, and other tetrapyrrole compounds • Acetyl-CoA: necessary for fatty acid biosynthesis © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... several amino acids; OAA also converted to phosphoenolpyruvate, a precursor of glucose • Succinyl-CoA: required for synthesis of cytochromes, chlorophyll, and other tetrapyrrole compounds • Acetyl-CoA: necessary for fatty acid biosynthesis © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Cellular Respirationn Review Answers
... it to power ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. NAD+ is used to shuttle electrons to the first component of the electron transport chain. During oxidative phosphorylation, NAD+ removes two hydrogen atoms from a part of the original glucose molecule. Two electrons and one proton attach to NAD ...
... it to power ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation. NAD+ is used to shuttle electrons to the first component of the electron transport chain. During oxidative phosphorylation, NAD+ removes two hydrogen atoms from a part of the original glucose molecule. Two electrons and one proton attach to NAD ...
Chemoheterotrophs Chemoheterotrophs: Fat β (beta)
... • Consider this week’s news article (bioplastics, biofuels) • Various species of bacteria can make all kinds of weird stuff ...
... • Consider this week’s news article (bioplastics, biofuels) • Various species of bacteria can make all kinds of weird stuff ...
Microbiology: A Systems Approach, 2nd ed.
... component sugars which can enter glycolysis • Microbes can break down lipids and proteins to produce precursor metabolites and energy – Lipases break apart fats into fatty acids and glycerol ...
... component sugars which can enter glycolysis • Microbes can break down lipids and proteins to produce precursor metabolites and energy – Lipases break apart fats into fatty acids and glycerol ...
Light-independent reactions
... 3 The GP molecules are reduced (using two hydrogen atoms donated by reduced NADP from the light-dependent stage) and then phosphorylated (using an inorganic phosphate group from one molecule of ATP, also from the lightdependent stage) to form another three-carbon compound called triose phosphate (e ...
... 3 The GP molecules are reduced (using two hydrogen atoms donated by reduced NADP from the light-dependent stage) and then phosphorylated (using an inorganic phosphate group from one molecule of ATP, also from the lightdependent stage) to form another three-carbon compound called triose phosphate (e ...
Study guide Unit 4 Energy Cellular Repsiration KEY
... When energy is available, a cell can __STORE__ small amounts of it by adding a phosphate to _ADP_ to form _ATP___. The addition of the third _PHOSPHATE__stores __ENERGY_____. When the cell needs energy, the third __PHOSPHATE_____ is ___REMOVED____, releasing energy. This energy is used to do the __W ...
... When energy is available, a cell can __STORE__ small amounts of it by adding a phosphate to _ADP_ to form _ATP___. The addition of the third _PHOSPHATE__stores __ENERGY_____. When the cell needs energy, the third __PHOSPHATE_____ is ___REMOVED____, releasing energy. This energy is used to do the __W ...
11 catabolism
... – removal of amino group from amino acid – resulting organic acids converted to pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, or TCA cycle intermediate • can be oxidized via TCA cycle • can be used for biosynthesis – can occur through transamination Chemolithotrophy ...
... – removal of amino group from amino acid – resulting organic acids converted to pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, or TCA cycle intermediate • can be oxidized via TCA cycle • can be used for biosynthesis – can occur through transamination Chemolithotrophy ...
Amino Acids Worksheet - Newcastle University
... 2. A proton has been removed from carboxylic acid and the amine has been protonated causing each end to become charged. This is called a Zwitterion. Due to the positive and negative ends of each zwitterion strong intermolecular are formed which require more energy to break raising the melting point. ...
... 2. A proton has been removed from carboxylic acid and the amine has been protonated causing each end to become charged. This is called a Zwitterion. Due to the positive and negative ends of each zwitterion strong intermolecular are formed which require more energy to break raising the melting point. ...
2 Pyruvic Acid
... During respiration electrons are removed from glucose and transported to the ETC by electron carriers. Energy from the electrons is used to synthesize ATP in the ETC. ...
... During respiration electrons are removed from glucose and transported to the ETC by electron carriers. Energy from the electrons is used to synthesize ATP in the ETC. ...
313EnergyProduction
... – pyruvate + O2 acetyl CoA • Kreb’s cycle (per pyruvate:1/2 glucose) – complete oxidation of acetyl CoA – 2 ATP + 1 FADH2 + 3 NADH – C + O2 CO2 expired • electron transport chain – glycolysis produces H+ (too acidic) • FADH2 and NADH transport H+ to electron transport chain • H+ split into proto ...
... – pyruvate + O2 acetyl CoA • Kreb’s cycle (per pyruvate:1/2 glucose) – complete oxidation of acetyl CoA – 2 ATP + 1 FADH2 + 3 NADH – C + O2 CO2 expired • electron transport chain – glycolysis produces H+ (too acidic) • FADH2 and NADH transport H+ to electron transport chain • H+ split into proto ...
Dominant Dietary Fatty Acids
... Homology in acyl carrier group and CoA molecule (?) Acetyl CoA slide… Fig 14.1 o Priming reaction at first Reactions catalyzed by fatty acid synthase (Diagram) o Two business enzymes o Ying-yang…fully activated at both ends of enzymes o Why would mammals benefit from 7 sites? Tends to be a littl ...
... Homology in acyl carrier group and CoA molecule (?) Acetyl CoA slide… Fig 14.1 o Priming reaction at first Reactions catalyzed by fatty acid synthase (Diagram) o Two business enzymes o Ying-yang…fully activated at both ends of enzymes o Why would mammals benefit from 7 sites? Tends to be a littl ...
Energy Systems and Muscle Fibre Types
... Answer- Bioenergetic Conversion, Foods are broken down into their smallest units (glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids). These Units are then eventually converted into a high energy storing molecule called ATP, which in turn can be broken down by the body’s cells releasing energy! ...
... Answer- Bioenergetic Conversion, Foods are broken down into their smallest units (glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids). These Units are then eventually converted into a high energy storing molecule called ATP, which in turn can be broken down by the body’s cells releasing energy! ...
Review Sheet for Exam Two
... of required cofactors). Understand the structure of ketone bodies, when they are formed, from what they are formed, and what their role is. 6) Differences between fatty acid breakdown and synthesis. Role of acyl carrier proteins. Basic steps of beta oxidation. Be able to draw the sequence of events ...
... of required cofactors). Understand the structure of ketone bodies, when they are formed, from what they are formed, and what their role is. 6) Differences between fatty acid breakdown and synthesis. Role of acyl carrier proteins. Basic steps of beta oxidation. Be able to draw the sequence of events ...
Unit 1: Biology Review
... foreign matter, toxic substances and dead cell parts, and break them down to be exported. - Centrioles are essential in cell division (mitosis and meiosis). - Cytoplasm is everything else in the cell (not organelles). Cell Respiration: - C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy - The energy is stored in ...
... foreign matter, toxic substances and dead cell parts, and break them down to be exported. - Centrioles are essential in cell division (mitosis and meiosis). - Cytoplasm is everything else in the cell (not organelles). Cell Respiration: - C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy - The energy is stored in ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.