Slide 1
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules The citric acid cycle – is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), – completes the oxidation of ...
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules The citric acid cycle – is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), – completes the oxidation of ...
Exam II answer key
... carnitine, which is transported and then transesterified back to CoA thioester. d) What two properties make triacylglycerols more efficient than glycogen for the storage of energy? They are more reduced and do not hydrate. This means they yield more energy per unit weight. 8. (6pts) Outline the degr ...
... carnitine, which is transported and then transesterified back to CoA thioester. d) What two properties make triacylglycerols more efficient than glycogen for the storage of energy? They are more reduced and do not hydrate. This means they yield more energy per unit weight. 8. (6pts) Outline the degr ...
Exam II
... carnitine, which is transported and then transesterified back to CoA thioester. d) What two properties make triacylglycerols more efficient than glycogen for the storage of energy? They are more reduced and do not hydrate. This means they yield more energy per unit weight. 8. (6pts) Outline the degr ...
... carnitine, which is transported and then transesterified back to CoA thioester. d) What two properties make triacylglycerols more efficient than glycogen for the storage of energy? They are more reduced and do not hydrate. This means they yield more energy per unit weight. 8. (6pts) Outline the degr ...
Chapter 5 Lecture Notes
... i. Oxidation is the removal of electrons. 1. Protons are typically also removed along with the electrons. 2. For this reason these reactions are also called dehydrogenation reactions. ii. Reduction is the gain of electrons. 1. Protons are typically also gained along with the electrons. iii. LEO the ...
... i. Oxidation is the removal of electrons. 1. Protons are typically also removed along with the electrons. 2. For this reason these reactions are also called dehydrogenation reactions. ii. Reduction is the gain of electrons. 1. Protons are typically also gained along with the electrons. iii. LEO the ...
Citric acid cycle
... glucose NADH electron transport chain proton-motive force ATP • About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about 32 ATP • There are several reasons why the number of ATP is not known exactly © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... glucose NADH electron transport chain proton-motive force ATP • About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about 32 ATP • There are several reasons why the number of ATP is not known exactly © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
video slide
... These small molecules may come directly from food, from glycolysis, or from the citric acid cycle ...
... These small molecules may come directly from food, from glycolysis, or from the citric acid cycle ...
Fatty acid synthesis
... acetyl CoA carboxylase 7 acetyl-CoA + 7 ATP + 7 CO2 + 7 H2O → 7 malonyl-CoA + 7 H+ + 7 ADP + 7 Pi citrate lyase 8 citrate + 8 ATP + 8 HSCoA → 8 acetyl-CoA + 8 oxaloacetate + 8 ADP + 8 Pi ...
... acetyl CoA carboxylase 7 acetyl-CoA + 7 ATP + 7 CO2 + 7 H2O → 7 malonyl-CoA + 7 H+ + 7 ADP + 7 Pi citrate lyase 8 citrate + 8 ATP + 8 HSCoA → 8 acetyl-CoA + 8 oxaloacetate + 8 ADP + 8 Pi ...
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK
... enzymes; relate structure to function of proteins; and explain enzyme catalysis and regulation; and apply thermodynamic and kinetic theories to enzyme reactions 3. Describe the physical and chemical properties of lipids, their synthesis and function in membranes and metabolism 4. Describe the centra ...
... enzymes; relate structure to function of proteins; and explain enzyme catalysis and regulation; and apply thermodynamic and kinetic theories to enzyme reactions 3. Describe the physical and chemical properties of lipids, their synthesis and function in membranes and metabolism 4. Describe the centra ...
Aerobic and Anaerobic Energy Systems
... are produced and 2 are used (net production = 36 ATP). • Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid (glycolysis), then acetyl coenzyme A, and this is broken to form carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O) and energy to resynthesise ATP. • Remember that glycolysis occurs in the sarcoplasm whilst Kreb’s cycle ...
... are produced and 2 are used (net production = 36 ATP). • Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid (glycolysis), then acetyl coenzyme A, and this is broken to form carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O) and energy to resynthesise ATP. • Remember that glycolysis occurs in the sarcoplasm whilst Kreb’s cycle ...
Classification of Enzymes - Lectures For UG-5
... “a” is the class, “b” is the subclass, “c” is the subsubclass, and “d” is the sub-sub-subclass. The “b” and “c” digits describe the reaction, while the “d” digit is used to distinguish between different enzymes of the same function based on the actual substrate in the reaction. • Example: for Alcoho ...
... “a” is the class, “b” is the subclass, “c” is the subsubclass, and “d” is the sub-sub-subclass. The “b” and “c” digits describe the reaction, while the “d” digit is used to distinguish between different enzymes of the same function based on the actual substrate in the reaction. • Example: for Alcoho ...
Concept 1 - Phillips Scientific Methods
... Each pyruvate then enters the Kreb’s cycle where the remaining hydrogens are removed and stored in molecules of NADH and FADH2. Two additional molecules of ATP are created. The original carbon and oxygen from glucose are released as 3 molecules of CO2 per pyruvate (6 CO2 molecules in total). c. Desc ...
... Each pyruvate then enters the Kreb’s cycle where the remaining hydrogens are removed and stored in molecules of NADH and FADH2. Two additional molecules of ATP are created. The original carbon and oxygen from glucose are released as 3 molecules of CO2 per pyruvate (6 CO2 molecules in total). c. Desc ...
Cellular Respiration
... All living things require energy to stay alive. Most of this energy comes from food, often in the form of glucose. Cells share common pathways to metabolize food molecules like glucose into usable forms of energy, and these pathways are called Cell Respiration. Cell respiration includes Glycolysis, ...
... All living things require energy to stay alive. Most of this energy comes from food, often in the form of glucose. Cells share common pathways to metabolize food molecules like glucose into usable forms of energy, and these pathways are called Cell Respiration. Cell respiration includes Glycolysis, ...
Photosynthesis in nature
... -light energy converted to cell energy (e- from chlorophyll used to make ATP & NADPH) (e- from water used to replace) • Dark reaction (Calvin Cycle) ...
... -light energy converted to cell energy (e- from chlorophyll used to make ATP & NADPH) (e- from water used to replace) • Dark reaction (Calvin Cycle) ...
Kevin Ahern's Biochemistry Course (BB 350) at Oregon State University
... two enzymes are enoyl-CoA isomerase and 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase (also known as Dina). The first enzyme catalyzes conversion of cis bonds between carbons 3 and 4 to trans bonds between carbons 2 and 3 so it can be oxidized in beta oxidation. Dina catalyzes conversion of two double bonds into one ci ...
... two enzymes are enoyl-CoA isomerase and 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase (also known as Dina). The first enzyme catalyzes conversion of cis bonds between carbons 3 and 4 to trans bonds between carbons 2 and 3 so it can be oxidized in beta oxidation. Dina catalyzes conversion of two double bonds into one ci ...
NEHRU ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE, TM PALAYALAM
... (A) the glucose priming steps (B) the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate (C) All of the steps require the input of energy (D) glucose secondary steps 7. The hexose monophosphate shunt is: (A) Found mostly in the mitochondria of muscle cells (B) Found in the cytosol of all cells (C) Found mostly ...
... (A) the glucose priming steps (B) the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate (C) All of the steps require the input of energy (D) glucose secondary steps 7. The hexose monophosphate shunt is: (A) Found mostly in the mitochondria of muscle cells (B) Found in the cytosol of all cells (C) Found mostly ...
The Structure and Hydrolysis of ATP
... After pyruvate is oxidized, the citric acid cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules • In the presence of O2, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion (in eukaryotic cells) where the oxidation of glucose is completed • Before the citric acid cycle can begin, pyruvate must be MI ...
... After pyruvate is oxidized, the citric acid cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules • In the presence of O2, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion (in eukaryotic cells) where the oxidation of glucose is completed • Before the citric acid cycle can begin, pyruvate must be MI ...
Amino Acid Metabolism (Chapter 20) Lecture 9:
... not expect you to know the 20 different pathways, only the general information that I will give you later). Do understand that these 20 pathways converge to just 7 common metabolic intermediates that feed into the TCA (= citric acid or Krebs) cycle: pyruvate -ketoglutarate succinyl-CoA fumarate oxal ...
... not expect you to know the 20 different pathways, only the general information that I will give you later). Do understand that these 20 pathways converge to just 7 common metabolic intermediates that feed into the TCA (= citric acid or Krebs) cycle: pyruvate -ketoglutarate succinyl-CoA fumarate oxal ...
Light-independent reactions - Mrs Jones A
... 3 The GP molecules are reduced (using two hydrogen atoms donated by reduced NADP from the light-dependent stage) and then phosphorylated (using an inorganic phosphate group from one molecule of ATP, also from the lightdependent stage) to form another three-carbon compound called triose phosphate (e ...
... 3 The GP molecules are reduced (using two hydrogen atoms donated by reduced NADP from the light-dependent stage) and then phosphorylated (using an inorganic phosphate group from one molecule of ATP, also from the lightdependent stage) to form another three-carbon compound called triose phosphate (e ...
respir532
... The pumping of H+ ions into the INTERMEMBRANE SPACE represents _______________________ potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP. As H+ ions escape through ion channels ATP SYNTHASE back into the matrix, ________________ spins and adds a phosphate to ADP to ATP form _______ ...
... The pumping of H+ ions into the INTERMEMBRANE SPACE represents _______________________ potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP. As H+ ions escape through ion channels ATP SYNTHASE back into the matrix, ________________ spins and adds a phosphate to ADP to ATP form _______ ...
Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis
... QH2 cytochromes 4 protons pumped Through Q cycle Problem 10: An ironsulfur protein in Complex III donates an electron to cytochrome c. Use the half reactions below to calculate the standard free energy change. How can you account for the fact that this process is spontaneous in the cell? ...
... QH2 cytochromes 4 protons pumped Through Q cycle Problem 10: An ironsulfur protein in Complex III donates an electron to cytochrome c. Use the half reactions below to calculate the standard free energy change. How can you account for the fact that this process is spontaneous in the cell? ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... • Electron transport releases the energy your cells need to make the most of their ATP • The molecules of electron transport chains are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria – The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydrogen ion ...
... • Electron transport releases the energy your cells need to make the most of their ATP • The molecules of electron transport chains are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria – The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydrogen ion ...
Krebs cycle - Groby Bio Page
... 2 Idea that it is used to link reactions (1); idea that energy is released as a result of the activity of one enzyme and used by another enzyme (1). ...
... 2 Idea that it is used to link reactions (1); idea that energy is released as a result of the activity of one enzyme and used by another enzyme (1). ...
GLYCOLYSIS AND FERMENTATION
... 1. Most of the energy is acquired by NADH; three molecules are produced during each turn of the cycle. 2. The reactions of the electron transport chain occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane. 3. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy 4. The mitochondrial membranes segregate the enzymes and reactant ...
... 1. Most of the energy is acquired by NADH; three molecules are produced during each turn of the cycle. 2. The reactions of the electron transport chain occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane. 3. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy 4. The mitochondrial membranes segregate the enzymes and reactant ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.