Cellular respiration
... Although there is a theoretical yield of 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose during cellular respiration, such conditions are generally not realized due to losses such as the cost of moving pyruvate (from glycolysis), phosphate, and ADP (substrates for ATP synthesis) into the mitochondria. All are activ ...
... Although there is a theoretical yield of 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose during cellular respiration, such conditions are generally not realized due to losses such as the cost of moving pyruvate (from glycolysis), phosphate, and ADP (substrates for ATP synthesis) into the mitochondria. All are activ ...
Dr: Anwar J almzaiel Glycolysis
... It’s the 1st step in glucose breakdown may be carried out (aerobically) sufficient amount of O2 is present, the results of anaerobic glycolysis is 2pyruvate2 + 2 NADH + 2 ATP, if oxygen is not available (not sufficient, such as hypoxia, anoxia complete deficiency of O2). The result of anaerobic glyc ...
... It’s the 1st step in glucose breakdown may be carried out (aerobically) sufficient amount of O2 is present, the results of anaerobic glycolysis is 2pyruvate2 + 2 NADH + 2 ATP, if oxygen is not available (not sufficient, such as hypoxia, anoxia complete deficiency of O2). The result of anaerobic glyc ...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS & CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... the energy in that light. • When chlorophyll absorbs light much of the energy is transferred directly to electrons in the chlorophyll molecule, raising the energy available in these electrons. ...
... the energy in that light. • When chlorophyll absorbs light much of the energy is transferred directly to electrons in the chlorophyll molecule, raising the energy available in these electrons. ...
Chapter 5 : MAJOR METABOLIC PATHWAYS
... and amino acids oxidation and generates numerous biosynthetic precursors, therefore amphibolic,that is, it operates both catabolically as well as anabolically. • CAC‟s starting compound is acetyl-CoA, the common ...
... and amino acids oxidation and generates numerous biosynthetic precursors, therefore amphibolic,that is, it operates both catabolically as well as anabolically. • CAC‟s starting compound is acetyl-CoA, the common ...
+ 2
... Co-A can be described as a C2 carrier molecule. Its full name is Coenzyme A. Would the pyruvate dehydrogenase pathway best be described as anabolic or catabolic? ...
... Co-A can be described as a C2 carrier molecule. Its full name is Coenzyme A. Would the pyruvate dehydrogenase pathway best be described as anabolic or catabolic? ...
Chapter 9 Pictures
... March 19. Do it before you leave for spring break. No excuses !!!!! Final Day to drop a class is Friday, March ...
... March 19. Do it before you leave for spring break. No excuses !!!!! Final Day to drop a class is Friday, March ...
Cellular Respiration 1. To perform cell work, cells require energy. a
... large amount of energy in food in manageable amounts. Each component of the chain becomes reduced when it accepts electrons from its Auphill@ neighbor, which is less electronegative. It then returns to its oxidized form as it passes electrons to its more electronegative Adownhill@ neighbor. The last ...
... large amount of energy in food in manageable amounts. Each component of the chain becomes reduced when it accepts electrons from its Auphill@ neighbor, which is less electronegative. It then returns to its oxidized form as it passes electrons to its more electronegative Adownhill@ neighbor. The last ...
ATP
... • Acetyl CoA carries acetyl groups, 2carbon remnants of the nutrients • Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle – Electrons and hydrogen atoms are harvested – Acetyl group is oxidized to produce CO2 – Electrons and hydrogen atoms harvested are used to produce ATP during oxidative phosphorylation ...
... • Acetyl CoA carries acetyl groups, 2carbon remnants of the nutrients • Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle – Electrons and hydrogen atoms are harvested – Acetyl group is oxidized to produce CO2 – Electrons and hydrogen atoms harvested are used to produce ATP during oxidative phosphorylation ...
Fermentation and Cellular Respiration
... associated with glycolysis occur within the cytoplasm of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, the decarboxylation of pyruvic acid and chemical reactions of the Krebs cycle do not (or at least not usually). The pyruvate decarboxylase complex (PDC) and enzymes associated with the Krebs cycle occur w ...
... associated with glycolysis occur within the cytoplasm of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, the decarboxylation of pyruvic acid and chemical reactions of the Krebs cycle do not (or at least not usually). The pyruvate decarboxylase complex (PDC) and enzymes associated with the Krebs cycle occur w ...
14) Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for
... E) cellulose fibers in the cell wall ...
... E) cellulose fibers in the cell wall ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration Other Metabolites
... Fat generates 2x ATP vs. carbohydrate more C in gram of fat more O in gram of carbohydrate ...
... Fat generates 2x ATP vs. carbohydrate more C in gram of fat more O in gram of carbohydrate ...
chapter review questions
... The cholesterol transported by HDLs is destined for destruction. HDLs transport cholesterol to the peripheral tissues for biosynthesis of steroid hormones. HDLs transport cholesterol to adipose tissue. HDLs are actually considered “bad” cholesterol. ...
... The cholesterol transported by HDLs is destined for destruction. HDLs transport cholesterol to the peripheral tissues for biosynthesis of steroid hormones. HDLs transport cholesterol to adipose tissue. HDLs are actually considered “bad” cholesterol. ...
Energy Production
... * At high intensity and short duration, the contracting muscle rely on anaerobic pathway for the production of ATP using mainly glucose and glycogen. Muscle glycogen is of limited amount, thats why athletes who workout at such high intensities quickly run out of energy. * Basketball, football, socc ...
... * At high intensity and short duration, the contracting muscle rely on anaerobic pathway for the production of ATP using mainly glucose and glycogen. Muscle glycogen is of limited amount, thats why athletes who workout at such high intensities quickly run out of energy. * Basketball, football, socc ...
File
... have an energy content of 100,000 kcal . Adipose tissue is specialized for the esterification of fatty acids and for their release from triacylglycerols. In human beings, the liver is the major site of fatty acid synthesis. Recall that these fatty acids are esterified in the liver to glycerol phosph ...
... have an energy content of 100,000 kcal . Adipose tissue is specialized for the esterification of fatty acids and for their release from triacylglycerols. In human beings, the liver is the major site of fatty acid synthesis. Recall that these fatty acids are esterified in the liver to glycerol phosph ...
Cellular Respiration - Jackson School District
... needs metabolic energy production to occur. In this case, PFK's activity is inhibited by allosteric regulation by ATP itself, closing the valve on the flow of carbohydrates through glycolysis. Recall that allosteric regulators bind to a different site on the enzyme than the active (catalytic) si ...
... needs metabolic energy production to occur. In this case, PFK's activity is inhibited by allosteric regulation by ATP itself, closing the valve on the flow of carbohydrates through glycolysis. Recall that allosteric regulators bind to a different site on the enzyme than the active (catalytic) si ...
103 final rev worksheet key
... Di-peptides contain amide bonds, while triacylglycerols contain ester bonds. The lonepair of electrons on the amide nitrogen is delocalized through the carbonyl pi system, while the lone-pairs of electrons on the ester oxygen are localized on that oxygen. This is because nitrogen is less electronega ...
... Di-peptides contain amide bonds, while triacylglycerols contain ester bonds. The lonepair of electrons on the amide nitrogen is delocalized through the carbonyl pi system, while the lone-pairs of electrons on the ester oxygen are localized on that oxygen. This is because nitrogen is less electronega ...
Model 2 – Amylase Rate of Reaction
... 6. Referring to PGAL (also called G3P) in Fig 7.7 in book), propose an explanation for why the author of this activity put PGAL at the highest point in the Model 1 diagram. 7. What is the net production of ATP by glycolysis? 8. What is the 'electron shuttle” in fig 7.3 pg 121 that acts as an electro ...
... 6. Referring to PGAL (also called G3P) in Fig 7.7 in book), propose an explanation for why the author of this activity put PGAL at the highest point in the Model 1 diagram. 7. What is the net production of ATP by glycolysis? 8. What is the 'electron shuttle” in fig 7.3 pg 121 that acts as an electro ...
The Central Role of Acetyl-CoA
... • The oxidation uses oxidised forms of coenzymes ultimately producing CO2, H2O and stored energy • Energy is stored directly as ATP or as reduced forms of coenzymes that ultimately reduce oxygen to H2O • Reduction of oxygen to H2O yields more ATP and oxidised form of coenzymes ...
... • The oxidation uses oxidised forms of coenzymes ultimately producing CO2, H2O and stored energy • Energy is stored directly as ATP or as reduced forms of coenzymes that ultimately reduce oxygen to H2O • Reduction of oxygen to H2O yields more ATP and oxidised form of coenzymes ...
Cellular Respiration
... Each NADH & H+ converts to 3 ATP. Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH & H+). ...
... Each NADH & H+ converts to 3 ATP. Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH & H+). ...
1 Confusion from last week: Purines and Pyrimidines
... – Too little energy, and necessary reactions don't occur – Too much energy, and bonds inside important molecules (e.g. proteins) can be disrupted, doing damage. ...
... – Too little energy, and necessary reactions don't occur – Too much energy, and bonds inside important molecules (e.g. proteins) can be disrupted, doing damage. ...
File
... Creatine phosphate breaks down to release energy and phosphate that is used to convert ADP to ATP at a fast rate. This system can only support strenuous muscle activity for around 10 seconds, when the creatine phosphate supply runs out. It is restored when energy demands are low. Lactic acid metabol ...
... Creatine phosphate breaks down to release energy and phosphate that is used to convert ADP to ATP at a fast rate. This system can only support strenuous muscle activity for around 10 seconds, when the creatine phosphate supply runs out. It is restored when energy demands are low. Lactic acid metabol ...
Muscle cramps! - WordPress.com
... Muscle cramps occur in the body often during exercise when there is not enough oxygen being delivered to the body, resulting in a build-up of lactic acid. Our body relies on glucose and oxygen to produce ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, a complex method of converting nutrie ...
... Muscle cramps occur in the body often during exercise when there is not enough oxygen being delivered to the body, resulting in a build-up of lactic acid. Our body relies on glucose and oxygen to produce ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, a complex method of converting nutrie ...
Slide 1
... Cycle Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix Pyruvate Oxidation – The pyruvate formed in glycolysis is transported from the cytoplasm into mitochondrial matrix (NOTE: Only IF O2 present) – Two molecules of pyruvate are produced for each molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis. ...
... Cycle Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix Pyruvate Oxidation – The pyruvate formed in glycolysis is transported from the cytoplasm into mitochondrial matrix (NOTE: Only IF O2 present) – Two molecules of pyruvate are produced for each molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis. ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.