Chapter 14- RESPIRATION IN PLANTS Living cells require a
... activities. This energy is obtained by oxidizing the organic food substances present in the cells. The food substances like Carbohydrates, proteins, fats which are used for oxidation during respiration are called ‘respiratory substrates’. Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 ...
... activities. This energy is obtained by oxidizing the organic food substances present in the cells. The food substances like Carbohydrates, proteins, fats which are used for oxidation during respiration are called ‘respiratory substrates’. Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012 ...
Biomolecules Review
... 14. To which of the four classes of amino acid does cysteine belong? 15. Draw the structure of a generic dipeptide using H3N+-CHR-CO2-. What type of bond links the amino acids? Draw an arrow to this bond. 16. What are the four levels of protein structure? What level is given for this tripeptide? ala ...
... 14. To which of the four classes of amino acid does cysteine belong? 15. Draw the structure of a generic dipeptide using H3N+-CHR-CO2-. What type of bond links the amino acids? Draw an arrow to this bond. 16. What are the four levels of protein structure? What level is given for this tripeptide? ala ...
RG 6 - Digestion and Respiration
... Chapter 6 QUESTIONS – Overview of Cell Respiration 1. Explain how adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used to provide energy for the cell. 2. What is the overall equation for cellular respiration? 3. What happens to the amount of potential energy of electrons as they shift from carbon and hydrogen towar ...
... Chapter 6 QUESTIONS – Overview of Cell Respiration 1. Explain how adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used to provide energy for the cell. 2. What is the overall equation for cellular respiration? 3. What happens to the amount of potential energy of electrons as they shift from carbon and hydrogen towar ...
Chapter 26 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... away as CO2 and exhaled. • Energy lost as heat, stored in 2 ATP, 8 reduced NADH, 2 FADH2 molecules of the matrix reactions and 2 NADH from glycolysis • Citric acid cycle is a source of substances for synthesis of fats and nonessential amino acids 26-49 ...
... away as CO2 and exhaled. • Energy lost as heat, stored in 2 ATP, 8 reduced NADH, 2 FADH2 molecules of the matrix reactions and 2 NADH from glycolysis • Citric acid cycle is a source of substances for synthesis of fats and nonessential amino acids 26-49 ...
Cellular respiration 2
... INTERMEMBRANE SPACE represents _______________________ potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP. As H+ ions escape through ion channels ATP SYNTHASE back into the matrix, ________________ spins and adds a phosphate to ADP to ATP form _______ ...
... INTERMEMBRANE SPACE represents _______________________ potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP. As H+ ions escape through ion channels ATP SYNTHASE back into the matrix, ________________ spins and adds a phosphate to ADP to ATP form _______ ...
Acyl-CoA
... - Triglycerides (or triacylglycerols) are fatty acid esters (usually with different fatty acid R groups) of glycerol—see §1.4! - Triglycerides are largely stored in the adipose tissue where they function as “high-energy” reservoirs—due to being more reduced (carry more electrons, or more hydrogens!) ...
... - Triglycerides (or triacylglycerols) are fatty acid esters (usually with different fatty acid R groups) of glycerol—see §1.4! - Triglycerides are largely stored in the adipose tissue where they function as “high-energy” reservoirs—due to being more reduced (carry more electrons, or more hydrogens!) ...
9/29/2015 Chapter 9: CELLULAR RESPIRATION & FERMENTATION
... of glucose: • pyruvate from glycolysis is first catabolized to acetyl-Coenzyme A before entering the CAC • all carbons from the original glucose will be completely oxidized to waste CO2 • more energy-rich e– in hydrogens will be captured by electron carriers • 2 more ATP by substrate-level phosphory ...
... of glucose: • pyruvate from glycolysis is first catabolized to acetyl-Coenzyme A before entering the CAC • all carbons from the original glucose will be completely oxidized to waste CO2 • more energy-rich e– in hydrogens will be captured by electron carriers • 2 more ATP by substrate-level phosphory ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Getting energy to make atp
... LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION Without oxygen, the 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) form 2 molecules of lactic acid and 2 ATP Lactic acid builds up in muscle cells resulting in burning and fatigue Eventually lactic acid is sent to liver and converted back to pyruvic acid Pyruvic acid ...
... LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION Without oxygen, the 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) form 2 molecules of lactic acid and 2 ATP Lactic acid builds up in muscle cells resulting in burning and fatigue Eventually lactic acid is sent to liver and converted back to pyruvic acid Pyruvic acid ...
Acyl-CoA
... - Triglycerides (or triacylglycerols) are fatty acid esters (usually with different fatty acid R groups) of glycerol—see §1.4! - Triglycerides are largely stored in the adipose tissue where they function as “high-energy” reservoirs—due to being more reduced (carry more electrons, or more hydrogens!) ...
... - Triglycerides (or triacylglycerols) are fatty acid esters (usually with different fatty acid R groups) of glycerol—see §1.4! - Triglycerides are largely stored in the adipose tissue where they function as “high-energy” reservoirs—due to being more reduced (carry more electrons, or more hydrogens!) ...
BIOCHEMISTRY I Spring 2013 (General medicine, Dental
... - to write a brief synopsis emphasizing the main ideas - to draw metabolic pathways in structural formulas with a short comment - where appropriate, to draw a picture (e.g. membranes, respiratory chain etc.) A good and concise preparation reflects the students’ knowledge and understanding the bioche ...
... - to write a brief synopsis emphasizing the main ideas - to draw metabolic pathways in structural formulas with a short comment - where appropriate, to draw a picture (e.g. membranes, respiratory chain etc.) A good and concise preparation reflects the students’ knowledge and understanding the bioche ...
Must-Knows: Unit 4 (Cellular Respiration) Ms. Ottolini, AP Biology
... matrix to the intermembrane space. As a result of this force, H+ “wants” to flow back down its gradient from a high concentration in the intermembrane space to a low concentration in the matrix. The only way that it can flow through the inner membrane is by passing through the ATP synthase protein. ...
... matrix to the intermembrane space. As a result of this force, H+ “wants” to flow back down its gradient from a high concentration in the intermembrane space to a low concentration in the matrix. The only way that it can flow through the inner membrane is by passing through the ATP synthase protein. ...
Examination questions
... - to write a brief synopsis emphasizing the main ideas - to draw metabolic pathways in structural formulas with a short comment - where appropriate, to draw a picture (e.g. membranes, respiratory chain etc.) A good and concise preparation reflects the students’ knowledge and understanding the bioche ...
... - to write a brief synopsis emphasizing the main ideas - to draw metabolic pathways in structural formulas with a short comment - where appropriate, to draw a picture (e.g. membranes, respiratory chain etc.) A good and concise preparation reflects the students’ knowledge and understanding the bioche ...
VISUALIZING CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... 23. This first diagram shows the two “processes” that occur during anaerobic respiration. The first is glycolysis. What is produced at the end of glycolysis? ...
... 23. This first diagram shows the two “processes” that occur during anaerobic respiration. The first is glycolysis. What is produced at the end of glycolysis? ...
Untitled
... both their presence & their rate of activity are important to chemical reactions in the body. ...
... both their presence & their rate of activity are important to chemical reactions in the body. ...
Presentation
... Recycling of lactate • Lactate formed in skeletal muscles during exercise is transported to the liver • Liver lactate dehydrogenase can reconvert lactate to pyruvate • Lactic acidosis can result from insufficient oxygen (an increase in lactic acid and decrease in blood pH) ...
... Recycling of lactate • Lactate formed in skeletal muscles during exercise is transported to the liver • Liver lactate dehydrogenase can reconvert lactate to pyruvate • Lactic acidosis can result from insufficient oxygen (an increase in lactic acid and decrease in blood pH) ...
CARBOHYDRATES: METABOLISM (cont.)
... • Ketones can be used by the liver or transported to other tissues to enter the CA cycle – Lipid anabolism consists of the synthesis of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and prostaglandins • Made from glycerol and FA or excess glucose or aa • Most FA can be made by the body, but some must b ...
... • Ketones can be used by the liver or transported to other tissues to enter the CA cycle – Lipid anabolism consists of the synthesis of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and prostaglandins • Made from glycerol and FA or excess glucose or aa • Most FA can be made by the body, but some must b ...
Enzymes/Macromolecules/Bonding
... High temperature or extreme pH values may effect the shape of an enzyme molecule (denaturing). Makes enzymes useless ...
... High temperature or extreme pH values may effect the shape of an enzyme molecule (denaturing). Makes enzymes useless ...
HW #23 KEY 1. Adenosine triphosphate is the energy currency of
... 33. Which organelle is illustrated in the figure? B – mitochondrion 34. Which process does not occur in the organelle illustrated above? A – glycolysis 35. Which is not a stage of cellular respiration? D – lactic acid fermentation 36. What is produced when the electrons leave the electron transport ...
... 33. Which organelle is illustrated in the figure? B – mitochondrion 34. Which process does not occur in the organelle illustrated above? A – glycolysis 35. Which is not a stage of cellular respiration? D – lactic acid fermentation 36. What is produced when the electrons leave the electron transport ...
Name
... 22) Which structure represents the electron carrying portion of a reduced nicotinamide (NADH)? A B C or D ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23) Glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate by what enzyme? a) Hexokinase b) Aldolase c) Lactate ...
... 22) Which structure represents the electron carrying portion of a reduced nicotinamide (NADH)? A B C or D ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23) Glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate by what enzyme? a) Hexokinase b) Aldolase c) Lactate ...
Sum total of all chemical reactions that occur within an
... Rotated counterclockwise to hydrolyze ATP Rotate ...
... Rotated counterclockwise to hydrolyze ATP Rotate ...
![[edit] Amino acids and proteins [edit] Lipids](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017606867_1-0f8e8f7866b15e60475e6df20c71fc0c-300x300.png)
[edit] Amino acids and proteins [edit] Lipids
... cycle. Although some more ATP is generated in the citric acid cycle, the most important product is NADH, which is made from NAD+ as the acetyl-CoA is oxidized. This oxidation releases carbon dioxide as a waste product. In anaerobic conditions, glycolysis produces lactate, through the enzyme lactate ...
... cycle. Although some more ATP is generated in the citric acid cycle, the most important product is NADH, which is made from NAD+ as the acetyl-CoA is oxidized. This oxidation releases carbon dioxide as a waste product. In anaerobic conditions, glycolysis produces lactate, through the enzyme lactate ...
Lecture 15
... - Krebs Cycle takes place within the mitochondrial matrix, and breaks a pyruvate into CO2 and produce some ATP and NADH. - Some steps of Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle are Redox in which dehydrogenase enzyme reduces NAD+ into NADH. - Some of ATP is produced at these two steps via (substrate-levelphospho ...
... - Krebs Cycle takes place within the mitochondrial matrix, and breaks a pyruvate into CO2 and produce some ATP and NADH. - Some steps of Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle are Redox in which dehydrogenase enzyme reduces NAD+ into NADH. - Some of ATP is produced at these two steps via (substrate-levelphospho ...
Microbial Metabolism
... and H2O e. A series of reactions in which pyruvic acid is oxidized to CO2 and H2O ...
... and H2O e. A series of reactions in which pyruvic acid is oxidized to CO2 and H2O ...
Ch 9 Homework Plan - Dublin City Schools
... Read p. 166-167 (from the “Stages of Cellular Respiration”) and take notes Read p. 170-172 (The Citric Acid cycle completes…”) and take notes Understand the following figures: 9.7 - 9.11 Answer the following questions: o Describe the cellular regions where glycolysis, the Citric Acid Cycle, ...
... Read p. 166-167 (from the “Stages of Cellular Respiration”) and take notes Read p. 170-172 (The Citric Acid cycle completes…”) and take notes Understand the following figures: 9.7 - 9.11 Answer the following questions: o Describe the cellular regions where glycolysis, the Citric Acid Cycle, ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.