Download RG 6 - Digestion and Respiration

AP Biology
Heterotrophic Nutrition and Cellular Respiration
Chap 39 and 6 - Reading Guide
Chapters 39 and 6 – Heterotrophic Nutrition, Digestion,
and Cellular Respiration*
*Adapted and modified from Robbyn Tuinstra’s work
CHAPTER 39 – We will focus more on Sections 39.1 – 39.3
1. What is a heterotroph? What do hetertrophs obtain from food?
2. Define basal metabolic rate (BMR).
3. Which animals exhibit a simple gastrovascular cavity? Define gastrovascular cavity.
4. What might be an advantage of a digestive system?
5. What is the purpose of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
6. Study Table 39.3 for the list of the major digestive enzymes of humans, the substrates they act on,
and where they are located within the human digestive system.
Chapter 6 QUESTIONS – Overview of Cell Respiration
1. Explain how adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used to provide energy for the cell.
2. What is the overall equation for cellular respiration?
3. What happens to the amount of potential energy of electrons as they shift from carbon and hydrogen
toward oxygen in cellular respiration?
4. What are the functions of NAD+ and FAD in cellular respiration?
5. Contrast the following:
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation
6. Define chemiosmosis. Review the principles of chemiosmosis and the concept of the proton motive
force.
7. Describe the four phases of cellular respiration and include the location within the cell they occur.
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AP Biology
Heterotrophic Nutrition and Cellular Respiration
Chap 39 and 6 - Reading Guide
Description
Pyruvate
Oxidation
Description
Description
Electron Transport
Chain
Description
Location
Location
Location
Location
Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle
Glycolysis Summary
ENERGY INVESTMENT
ENERGY YIELDING
IN
OUT
8. Why is glycolysis considered anaerobic?
9. What happens to pyruvate if oxygen is not available?
The Citric Acid Cycle – Acetyl CoA Prep
10. Where does this reaction occur?
11. Write the detailed reaction for the Preparatory Reaction below
ACETYL COA PREP PER PYRUVATE
IN
OUT
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AP Biology
Heterotrophic Nutrition and Cellular Respiration
Chap 39 and 6 - Reading Guide
ACETYL COA PREP PER GLUCOSE
IN
OUT
Citric Acid Cycle
CITRIC ACID CYCLE SUMMARY PER PYRUVATE
IN
OUT
CITRIC ACID CYCLE SUMMARY PER GLUCOSE
IN
OUT
12. Complete the following chart by providing the number of each molecule produced per glucose
molecule.
MOLECULE
# PRODUCED PER
GLUCOSE
MOLECULE
NADH
ATP
CO2
FADH2
# PRODUCED PER
GLUCOSE
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AP Biology
Heterotrophic Nutrition and Cellular Respiration
Chap 39 and 6 - Reading Guide
Electron Transport Chain
13. What are the reactants and products of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation?
REACTANTS
PRODUCTS
14. As electrons are transported through the electron transport chain to oxygen, they lose potential
energy. What work is this energy is used for?
Fermentation
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
15. Compared to aerobic respiration, how efficient is fermentation?
16. Where does the majority of potential energy of glucose reside after fermentation?
17. Under what condition(s) does fermentation occur?
18. Describe what happens during lactic acid fermentation.
19. Why is replenishing NAD+ crucial to cellular metabolism?
20. Summarize the total energy yield from glucose in human cells in the presence versus the absence of
O2.
Metabolic Pool
Define:
CATABOLISM
ANABOLISM
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AP Biology
Heterotrophic Nutrition and Cellular Respiration
Chap 39 and 6 - Reading Guide
21. Most commonly glucose is represented as the molecule broken down in the respiration equation.
Does this mean that glucose is the only source of energy in cellular respiration? Explain.
22. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used fuel for cellular respiration. Trace the path of each
of these food groups from the point of digestion in the intestines to where and in what form they
enter cellular respiration.
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
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