• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Lecture 6 - TCA cycle I - University of Lethbridge
Lecture 6 - TCA cycle I - University of Lethbridge

... University of Lethbridge ...
Karbohidrat Metabolizması
Karbohidrat Metabolizması

... PEP Carboxykinase catalyzes GTP-dependent oxaloacetate  PEP. It is thought to proceed in 2 steps: Oxaloacetate is first decarboxylated to yield a pyruvate enolate anion intermediate. This is phosphorylated by phosphate transfer from GTP. A metal ion such as Mn++ is required, in addition to Mg++ ass ...
PART 1: TRUE OR FALSE (1 point each)
PART 1: TRUE OR FALSE (1 point each)

... SUID#, and TEST CODE NUMBER on both sides of the scantron immediately. Please bubble in 'A' if the statement is TRUE and 'B' if the statement is FALSE. Remember to be careful when bubbling in your answer. ERASE COMPLETELY. 1. Both amino acids and sugars are linked into macromolecules via condensatio ...
Discussion Points: Cellular Respiration
Discussion Points: Cellular Respiration

... energy for cells, other macromolecules such as fats and proteins can be used to release energy to make ATP. Providing Energy in Cells The first stage of the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP is called glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell and splits the glucose molecule into two ...
Document
Document

... Not a long term storage form of energy Consumed at a high rate : stock in the cell is very small As it is being used up, it has to be replenished: need energy Phototrophs (algae, plants, some bacteria) use solar energy: photosynthesis Chemotrophs ( eg; S-bacteria, nitrifying bacteria) use chemical e ...
Glycolysis reaction (Investment phase)
Glycolysis reaction (Investment phase)

... 1. Take NADH from Diffusion (they came from Matrix and Cytoplasm. 2. Remove two(2) electrons (paper clips) from NADH and only NADH. 3. Give NAD back to diffusion and hold the electrons. 4. Push the H through the Proton Pump #1 into the Intermembrane Space. 5. Immediately after you push the H across ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... Which of the following organisms use alcoholic fermentation to allow glycolysis to continue to produce ATP? ...
Cellular respiration photosynthesis
Cellular respiration photosynthesis

... Which of the following organisms use alcoholic fermentation to allow glycolysis to continue to produce ATP? ...
The Proton-Motive Force Overview Compartmentalization
The Proton-Motive Force Overview Compartmentalization

... • Electron transport is  tightly coupled to ATP  production – Oxygen is not used  unless ATP is being made – Avoid waste of fuels – Adding ADP causes  oxygen utilization – Respiratory control ...
Vitamins and Minerals
Vitamins and Minerals

... 2. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle) 3. The electron transport chain, which is where the process of oxidative phosphorylation occurs. D. In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate. 1. Glycolysis occurs anaerobically in the cytosol. 2. One six-carbon gluco ...
Study Guide for Lecture Examination 3
Study Guide for Lecture Examination 3

... investment  phase  (in  which  two  ATP  must  be  "spent")  and  an  energy-­‐payoff   phase  (in  which  four  ATP  are  produced).  This  results  in  a  net  gain  of  two  ATP   per  glucose  molecule.   Glycolysis  occurs  in ...
GLYCOLYSIS UP - Hudson City Schools / Homepage
GLYCOLYSIS UP - Hudson City Schools / Homepage

... C. Inner membrane of mitochondrion D. Intermembrane space of mitochondrion ...
Cell Size and Shape
Cell Size and Shape

... These two stages are preceded by an intermediate step in which pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl-CoA ...
Final  Answer Key
Final Answer Key

... b) What type of reaction does the coenzyme FAD help facilitate? Please be specific (type of functional groups or compounds and give a specific reaction name. ...
Fermentation (Anaerobic Respiration)
Fermentation (Anaerobic Respiration)

... Calorie- amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 °C. Unit of measurement for energy found in food. ...
Evolution of the citric acid cycle and respiratory
Evolution of the citric acid cycle and respiratory

... capsulata can also grow readily as an aerobic heterotroph in darkness using the CAC and associated electrophosphorylation as the energy conversion system. In other words, R. capsulata appears to embody an unusually large amount of biochemical evolutionary history. Wild-type R. capsulata cells grown ...
Anabolism
Anabolism

... chemical energy of the original glucose molecule. Special carrier molecules bring the high-energy electrons to a series of enzymes that convert much of the remaining energy to more ATP molecules. The other products are heat and water. The function of oxygen as the final electron acceptor in this las ...
Biology 4A Exam 2 Study Guide The exam will consist of multiple
Biology 4A Exam 2 Study Guide The exam will consist of multiple

... • Citric acid cycle (Krebs or TCA) -where does it take place, reactants, products, amount of ATP produced, enzymes involved, where energy is used and produced, citrate synthase, SDH, how are the rates of the citric acid cycle controlled • ETC & oxidative phosphorylation -where does it take place, re ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Source of ATP in resting muscle fibers • Resting muscle fibers takes up free fatty acids from blood. • Fatty acids are oxidized (in the mitochondria) to produce acetyl CoA & molecules of NADH & FADH2 ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis

... AP Biology ...
Comprehenexam- - HCC Learning Web
Comprehenexam- - HCC Learning Web

... 30) Plants store carbohydrate as a polymer called _______________ while animals store carbohydrates as a polymer called _________________ 31) How will you distinguish between hydrolysis and dehydration reactions? Give an example each. _______________________________________________________________ ...
Anaerobic Respiration - County Central High School
Anaerobic Respiration - County Central High School

... VO2 max values vary between individuals and although you can increase yours through some training, it will decrease as you get older Even though VO2 max can be increased through exercise, lactic acid is also building up at an increased rate which can limit the amount of training and exercise an indi ...
Anaerobic Pathways Lesson Plan
Anaerobic Pathways Lesson Plan

What do you know about Cellular Respiration?
What do you know about Cellular Respiration?

... 1. Glycolysis (color-coded teal)  glucose to pyruvate 2. Pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle (color-coded salmon)  completes glucose breakdown 3. Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis (color-coded violet)  Most ATP synthesis ...
View PDF
View PDF

... electronegative it is a very strong oxidizing agent (oxidation). - In the CO2 formed, the electrons are further away from the C atoms and closer to the O (very electronegative). Therefore C has partially “lost” the shared electrons and so the CH4 has been oxidized. - As electrons move from a less el ...
< 1 ... 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 ... 483 >

Citric acid cycle



The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report