123 - Jordan University of Science and Technology
... Jordan University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ...
... Jordan University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ...
PowerPoint
... E. Living organisms could specialize in one, or switch depending on available oxygen. ...
... E. Living organisms could specialize in one, or switch depending on available oxygen. ...
9/2/08 Transcript I - UAB School of Optometry
... Utilized in "Fight or Flight"- If confronted by a lion then you will fight or flee and use this type of process because it does not require any set up time or oxygen. There are 10 rxns which are the same in all cells, but may not happen at same rate. 2 Phases: 1. Converts glucose to two Glycer ...
... Utilized in "Fight or Flight"- If confronted by a lion then you will fight or flee and use this type of process because it does not require any set up time or oxygen. There are 10 rxns which are the same in all cells, but may not happen at same rate. 2 Phases: 1. Converts glucose to two Glycer ...
Chapter 9 Notes
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is ...
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
... Glucagon, a pancreatic hormone, signals low blood sugar and lowers the level of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the liver. This stimulates gluconeogenesis and the production of glucose. ...
... Glucagon, a pancreatic hormone, signals low blood sugar and lowers the level of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the liver. This stimulates gluconeogenesis and the production of glucose. ...
Oxidation of Organic Fuel Molecules During Cellular
... • The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the mitochondrial matrix • The cycle oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating one ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn ...
... • The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the mitochondrial matrix • The cycle oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating one ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn ...
10AB grade 2nd quarter
... 3. What is the effect of biological catalyst on reactions? 4. Give 3 examples to enzymes. 5. If an enzyme is composed of only amino acids, this enzyme is called ______________. 6. The protein component of a complex enzyme is known as _______________. 7. Which of the following statements about enzyme ...
... 3. What is the effect of biological catalyst on reactions? 4. Give 3 examples to enzymes. 5. If an enzyme is composed of only amino acids, this enzyme is called ______________. 6. The protein component of a complex enzyme is known as _______________. 7. Which of the following statements about enzyme ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical
... Each oxygen atom also picks up a pair of hydrogen ions from the aqueous solution to form water. For every two electron carriers (four electrons), one O2 molecule is reduced to two molecules of water. The electrons carried by FADH2 have lower free energy and are added at a lower energy level than ...
... Each oxygen atom also picks up a pair of hydrogen ions from the aqueous solution to form water. For every two electron carriers (four electrons), one O2 molecule is reduced to two molecules of water. The electrons carried by FADH2 have lower free energy and are added at a lower energy level than ...
Lecture PPT
... E+ATP↔E·ATP↔E·ADP·Pi→E·ADP+Pi 1. ATP hydrolysis by production of 32Pi from [g-32P]ATP (rapid quench) 2. Pi release by coumarin labeled Pi binding protein (stopped flow) ...
... E+ATP↔E·ATP↔E·ADP·Pi→E·ADP+Pi 1. ATP hydrolysis by production of 32Pi from [g-32P]ATP (rapid quench) 2. Pi release by coumarin labeled Pi binding protein (stopped flow) ...
Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Several steps in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are redox reactions in which dehydrogenase enzymes transfer electrons from substrates to NAD+, forming NADH. ...
... Several steps in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are redox reactions in which dehydrogenase enzymes transfer electrons from substrates to NAD+, forming NADH. ...
Jordan University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine
... Jordan University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Biochemistry M222; Course Description and Objectives: This course deals with structure and properties of biomolecules, such as amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic ac ...
... Jordan University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Biochemistry M222; Course Description and Objectives: This course deals with structure and properties of biomolecules, such as amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic ac ...
Jordan University of Science and Technology
... Jordan University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Biochemistry M123; Course Description and Objectives: This course deals with structure and properties of biomolecules, such as amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic ac ...
... Jordan University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Biochemistry M123; Course Description and Objectives: This course deals with structure and properties of biomolecules, such as amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic ac ...
Protein mteabolism
... plasma. The presence of elevated plasma levels of aminotransferases indcates damage of cells rich in these enzymes. e.g. ALT and AST are present in liver, so their elevation in blood indicate liver cell damage such as in hepatitis, toxic injury, cirrhosiss,…… Glutamate produced from transamination i ...
... plasma. The presence of elevated plasma levels of aminotransferases indcates damage of cells rich in these enzymes. e.g. ALT and AST are present in liver, so their elevation in blood indicate liver cell damage such as in hepatitis, toxic injury, cirrhosiss,…… Glutamate produced from transamination i ...
09_DetailLectOut_jkAR
... oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons. Each component of the chain becomes reduced when it accepts electrons from its “uphill” neighbor, which is less electronegative. It then returns to its oxidized form as it passes electrons to its more electronegative ...
... oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons. Each component of the chain becomes reduced when it accepts electrons from its “uphill” neighbor, which is less electronegative. It then returns to its oxidized form as it passes electrons to its more electronegative ...
Four Amino Acids Are Converted to Succinyl
... Tryptophan is both glucogenic and ketogenic because its metabolism yields alanine and acetoacetyl CoA. Isoleucine is both ketogenic and glucogenic, because its metabolism yields acetyl CoA and propionyl CoA. Leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and tryptophan form acetyl CoA or acetoacetyl. Phenylalanine an ...
... Tryptophan is both glucogenic and ketogenic because its metabolism yields alanine and acetoacetyl CoA. Isoleucine is both ketogenic and glucogenic, because its metabolism yields acetyl CoA and propionyl CoA. Leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and tryptophan form acetyl CoA or acetoacetyl. Phenylalanine an ...
What are Vitamins?
... – Clinical research has shown no evidence of carcinogenic effects with administration of alpha lipoic acid. Serious side effects have not been observed, even at high doses. Minor side effects include skin reactions and gastrointestinal effects, such as nausea and vomiting. ...
... – Clinical research has shown no evidence of carcinogenic effects with administration of alpha lipoic acid. Serious side effects have not been observed, even at high doses. Minor side effects include skin reactions and gastrointestinal effects, such as nausea and vomiting. ...
How organisms get energy - Fall River Public Schools
... to form twelve 3-carbon molecules The twelve 3-carbon molecules are energized by ATP and NADPH 2 of the 3-carbon molecules are removed to make sugars, lipids, amino acids, or other molecules the plant cell needs The ten 3-carbon molecules that are left over are converted back into six 5-carbon ...
... to form twelve 3-carbon molecules The twelve 3-carbon molecules are energized by ATP and NADPH 2 of the 3-carbon molecules are removed to make sugars, lipids, amino acids, or other molecules the plant cell needs The ten 3-carbon molecules that are left over are converted back into six 5-carbon ...
Cellular Respiration Note Packet
... 3. Now remember that during glycolysis, ________________ was broken down into two molecules of ___________________________. Therefore, one glucose molecule causes ________ turns of the __________________________. What is the total amount of CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2 that is produced per molecule of ...
... 3. Now remember that during glycolysis, ________________ was broken down into two molecules of ___________________________. Therefore, one glucose molecule causes ________ turns of the __________________________. What is the total amount of CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2 that is produced per molecule of ...
harvesting chemical energy
... oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons. Each component of the chain becomes reduced when it accepts electrons from its “uphill” neighbor, which is less electronegative. It then returns to its oxidized form as it passes electrons to its more electronegative ...
... oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons. Each component of the chain becomes reduced when it accepts electrons from its “uphill” neighbor, which is less electronegative. It then returns to its oxidized form as it passes electrons to its more electronegative ...
Archaea
... hypothesized currently, which are not exclusive. One is that protons are generated on the outside of the membrane in step 5, which would build the proton motive force, in turn allowing ATP synthesis via ATP synthase. The other is that step four drives uptake of Na+ ions, and releasing those back acr ...
... hypothesized currently, which are not exclusive. One is that protons are generated on the outside of the membrane in step 5, which would build the proton motive force, in turn allowing ATP synthesis via ATP synthase. The other is that step four drives uptake of Na+ ions, and releasing those back acr ...
What happened to my cousin Patrick O’Neill?
... energy to break the bond. A: Easy to break, releases B: Hard to break, requires C: Easy to break, requires D: Hard to break, releases ...
... energy to break the bond. A: Easy to break, releases B: Hard to break, requires C: Easy to break, requires D: Hard to break, releases ...
Cellular Respiration
... – 2nd: phosphorylated glucose broken down into two C3 sugar phosphates – 3rd: the sugar phosphates are oxidized to yield electrons and H+ ions which are donated to 2 NAD+ → 2 NADH (stored electron and hydrogen for the Electron Transport Chain) – 4th: The energy from oxidation is used to make 4 ATP m ...
... – 2nd: phosphorylated glucose broken down into two C3 sugar phosphates – 3rd: the sugar phosphates are oxidized to yield electrons and H+ ions which are donated to 2 NAD+ → 2 NADH (stored electron and hydrogen for the Electron Transport Chain) – 4th: The energy from oxidation is used to make 4 ATP m ...
Cellular Respiration - MF011 General Biology 2 (May 2011 Semester)
... Both processes use glycolysis to oxidize glucose and other organic fuels to pyruvate The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular respiration Cellular respiration produces 38 ATP per glucose molecule; ...
... Both processes use glycolysis to oxidize glucose and other organic fuels to pyruvate The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular respiration Cellular respiration produces 38 ATP per glucose molecule; ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.