Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on
... Storey, 1995; Frank and Storey, 1996) and are within the range of natural S. lateralis diets [as calculated by Munro and Thomas (Munro and Thomas, 2004)]. Custom diets were formulated by Purina Mills Test Diet division (Richmond, IN, USA) and supplied by Ren’s Feed (Oakville, ON, Canada). All diets ...
... Storey, 1995; Frank and Storey, 1996) and are within the range of natural S. lateralis diets [as calculated by Munro and Thomas (Munro and Thomas, 2004)]. Custom diets were formulated by Purina Mills Test Diet division (Richmond, IN, USA) and supplied by Ren’s Feed (Oakville, ON, Canada). All diets ...
Glycine Cleavage Powers Photoheterotrophic Growth of
... 2Glycine + NAD+ + H2 O ↔ Serine + CO2 + NH3 + NADH + H+ In fact, the glycine consumption rate was higher than its requirement as a carbon source for biomass growth (Supplementary Figure S2). Therefore, part of glycine must be cleaved and oxidized by the THF-dependent C1 pathway, which contains succe ...
... 2Glycine + NAD+ + H2 O ↔ Serine + CO2 + NH3 + NADH + H+ In fact, the glycine consumption rate was higher than its requirement as a carbon source for biomass growth (Supplementary Figure S2). Therefore, part of glycine must be cleaved and oxidized by the THF-dependent C1 pathway, which contains succe ...
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... Mitochondrial disorders are a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders arising from defects in the respiratory chain, the metabolic pathway of the mitochondrial adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) production system via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). ATP is commonly referred to as the “molecular en ...
... Mitochondrial disorders are a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders arising from defects in the respiratory chain, the metabolic pathway of the mitochondrial adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) production system via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). ATP is commonly referred to as the “molecular en ...
Plant Microbial and mineral contributions to amino acid and protein
... during 4010 years of development, while negatively charged amino acids (glutamic acid, aspartic acid) decreased ~13%. In the mineral associated sub-pool, positively charged amino acids were approximately ~431% more enriched, while negatively charged amino acids were ~38% depleted as compared to the ...
... during 4010 years of development, while negatively charged amino acids (glutamic acid, aspartic acid) decreased ~13%. In the mineral associated sub-pool, positively charged amino acids were approximately ~431% more enriched, while negatively charged amino acids were ~38% depleted as compared to the ...
Unsaturated Fatty Acids Increase Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor
... have been reported for native low density lipoprotein. It could be speculated that fatty acids derived from VLDL triglycerides are the actual mediators, resulting in an enhanced secretion of PAI-1. In the present study, we have analyzed the effects of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on PA ...
... have been reported for native low density lipoprotein. It could be speculated that fatty acids derived from VLDL triglycerides are the actual mediators, resulting in an enhanced secretion of PAI-1. In the present study, we have analyzed the effects of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on PA ...
Multiple long-term, experimentally
... first time E. coli has acquired the ability to aerobically utilize citrate. Cit+ E. coli K12 had previously been observed to arise spontaneously [19], and high expression. Plastids has been shown to confer aerobic citrate growth upon E. coli B [20]. Besides the remarkable story of novel aerobic util ...
... first time E. coli has acquired the ability to aerobically utilize citrate. Cit+ E. coli K12 had previously been observed to arise spontaneously [19], and high expression. Plastids has been shown to confer aerobic citrate growth upon E. coli B [20]. Besides the remarkable story of novel aerobic util ...
De novo lipogenesis in the liver in health and disease: more than
... Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is the biochemical process of synthesising fatty acids from acetyl-CoA subunits that are produced from a number of different pathways within the cell, most commonly carbohydrate catabolism. In addition to glucose which most commonly supplies carbon units for DNL, fr ...
... Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is the biochemical process of synthesising fatty acids from acetyl-CoA subunits that are produced from a number of different pathways within the cell, most commonly carbohydrate catabolism. In addition to glucose which most commonly supplies carbon units for DNL, fr ...
Bioactivation of Selenocysteine Se-Conjugates by a Highly Purified
... cysteine S-conjugates by a selenium atom resulted in a dramatic increase in -elimination activity in rat renal cytosol (Andreadou et al., 1996). Therefore, selenocysteine Se-conjugates were proposed as alternative prodrugs to target pharmacologically active selenol compounds to the kidney (Fig. 1). ...
... cysteine S-conjugates by a selenium atom resulted in a dramatic increase in -elimination activity in rat renal cytosol (Andreadou et al., 1996). Therefore, selenocysteine Se-conjugates were proposed as alternative prodrugs to target pharmacologically active selenol compounds to the kidney (Fig. 1). ...
Triglyceride Measurements: a Review of Methods and Interferences
... GK, glycerol kinase; G-3-O-PDH, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; PEP, phosphoenok,yruvate; PK, pyruvate kinase; LDH, lactate dehyrogenase; HPO, horseradish peroxidase; and INT, 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5phenyltetrazolium ...
... GK, glycerol kinase; G-3-O-PDH, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; PEP, phosphoenok,yruvate; PK, pyruvate kinase; LDH, lactate dehyrogenase; HPO, horseradish peroxidase; and INT, 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5phenyltetrazolium ...
Amino acid composition of the major ampullate gland silk
... tyrosine in subsequent analysis. The latter seems unlikely due to the presence of oxygen scavengers in the hydrolysis- reaction, which aid in recovery of certain amino acids. The former appears to be logical explanation. Parallel experiments were performed omitting sodium sulfite and hydrolysis cont ...
... tyrosine in subsequent analysis. The latter seems unlikely due to the presence of oxygen scavengers in the hydrolysis- reaction, which aid in recovery of certain amino acids. The former appears to be logical explanation. Parallel experiments were performed omitting sodium sulfite and hydrolysis cont ...
An in Silico Liver: Model of Gluconeogenesis
... interplay between gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and alcohol metabolism in the fasted rat liver. Biochemical pathways are represented by key kinetic reactions that include allosteric and substrates effectors, and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation enzymes regulation. The model also incorporates t ...
... interplay between gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and alcohol metabolism in the fasted rat liver. Biochemical pathways are represented by key kinetic reactions that include allosteric and substrates effectors, and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation enzymes regulation. The model also incorporates t ...
What is an enzyme? Function of enzymes
... • Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase - it has a structure that is similar to succinate - inhibition can be reversed by adding succinate ...
... • Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase - it has a structure that is similar to succinate - inhibition can be reversed by adding succinate ...
Seminars in
... and gluconeogenic enzyme systems; (2) an adequate supply of endogenous gluconeogenic substrates (amino acids, glycerol and lactate); (3) an adequate energy supply provided by B-oxidation of fatty acids to synthesize glucose and ketone bodies, the latter being exported to peripheral tissues and used ...
... and gluconeogenic enzyme systems; (2) an adequate supply of endogenous gluconeogenic substrates (amino acids, glycerol and lactate); (3) an adequate energy supply provided by B-oxidation of fatty acids to synthesize glucose and ketone bodies, the latter being exported to peripheral tissues and used ...
Enzyme
... Classification and nomenclature (酶的分类和命 名) 5. Enzyme activity and its determination (酶活性 及其测定) 6. Separation, purification and storage of enzymes (酶的分离提纯和储存) ...
... Classification and nomenclature (酶的分类和命 名) 5. Enzyme activity and its determination (酶活性 及其测定) 6. Separation, purification and storage of enzymes (酶的分离提纯和储存) ...
Hepatology: Anatomy, Physiology and Dev
... the inferior vena cava to bypass the liver. In the adult liver, the porta hepatis includes the hepatic arteries from the hepatic artery proper, the hepatic portal vein, and the hepatic and cystic ducts joining to form the common bile duct. - The portal vein brings nutrients and other compounds absor ...
... the inferior vena cava to bypass the liver. In the adult liver, the porta hepatis includes the hepatic arteries from the hepatic artery proper, the hepatic portal vein, and the hepatic and cystic ducts joining to form the common bile duct. - The portal vein brings nutrients and other compounds absor ...
CHAPTER 4 HF` Cleavage and Deprotection Procedures for
... groups (14). The byproducts generated from the cleaved protecting groups instead of being stable carbocations are relatively inert sulfonium salts or sulfides. An additional step is required when using this procedure to remove the more stable protecting groups, such as the methylbenzyl group for cys ...
... groups (14). The byproducts generated from the cleaved protecting groups instead of being stable carbocations are relatively inert sulfonium salts or sulfides. An additional step is required when using this procedure to remove the more stable protecting groups, such as the methylbenzyl group for cys ...
Biosynthesis of lipoxygenase, lipids and its fatty acid composition of
... activity of yeast was minimum under usage of the soybean medium (0.42 u/mg protein) and maximum (2.15 u/mg) – under using Lundin's. As shown obtained results, the level of biomass accumulation concurred with lipoxygenase activity. As a rule, the maximum of biomass synthesis was fixed in the version, ...
... activity of yeast was minimum under usage of the soybean medium (0.42 u/mg protein) and maximum (2.15 u/mg) – under using Lundin's. As shown obtained results, the level of biomass accumulation concurred with lipoxygenase activity. As a rule, the maximum of biomass synthesis was fixed in the version, ...
STRUCTURE-FUNCTION STUDIES OF THE CARNITINE/CHOLINE
... carnitine acyltransferase family were studied. These enzymes play essential roles in fatty acid metabolism by facilitating the transfer of activated fatty acids across intracellular membranes. To understand the mechanism of these enzymes, the structure of human peroxisomal L-carnitine acetyltransfer ...
... carnitine acyltransferase family were studied. These enzymes play essential roles in fatty acid metabolism by facilitating the transfer of activated fatty acids across intracellular membranes. To understand the mechanism of these enzymes, the structure of human peroxisomal L-carnitine acetyltransfer ...
MusselsAlive Report
... intakes (nutritional deficiencies). The USA Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has dealt with nutritional deficiency problems, as well as with their toxicity, by setting dietary reference intakes (DRI), which includes the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), the adequate int ...
... intakes (nutritional deficiencies). The USA Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has dealt with nutritional deficiency problems, as well as with their toxicity, by setting dietary reference intakes (DRI), which includes the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), the adequate int ...
PROPERTIES OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
... Organic chemistry was originally described as the chemistry of compounds found in living things – in plants and animals. All such naturally occurring compounds contain carbon, and it was thought that some ''vital force'' was needed for their formation. When Wöhler, in 1828, made urea from inorganic ...
... Organic chemistry was originally described as the chemistry of compounds found in living things – in plants and animals. All such naturally occurring compounds contain carbon, and it was thought that some ''vital force'' was needed for their formation. When Wöhler, in 1828, made urea from inorganic ...
Interactions between lactic and propionic acid bacteria
... free, acid-hydrolysed casein to control whey resulted in increased growth rates and cell yields of strain KM (fig 4), whereas the addition of 10% resulted in an inhibitory effect on growth rate but a stimulatory effect on cell yield. In addition to propionate and acetate (data not shown), succinate ...
... free, acid-hydrolysed casein to control whey resulted in increased growth rates and cell yields of strain KM (fig 4), whereas the addition of 10% resulted in an inhibitory effect on growth rate but a stimulatory effect on cell yield. In addition to propionate and acetate (data not shown), succinate ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.