26/2/2010 Branched Chain Amino Acids as Adjunctive Therapy to Ketogenic Diet
... BCAA shuttle and brain glutamate metabolism. Abbreviations are: BCAA, branched--chain amino acids; BCKA, branchedbranched branched-chain aa-keto acids; Gln·ase, glutaminase; GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; aa-KG, aa-ketoglutarate; OAA, oxaloacetate; PC, pyruvate carboxylase; TCA Cycle, tricarboxylic a ...
... BCAA shuttle and brain glutamate metabolism. Abbreviations are: BCAA, branched--chain amino acids; BCKA, branchedbranched branched-chain aa-keto acids; Gln·ase, glutaminase; GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; aa-KG, aa-ketoglutarate; OAA, oxaloacetate; PC, pyruvate carboxylase; TCA Cycle, tricarboxylic a ...
Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanisms
... hydrolysis is dependent only on the substrate, and therefore proceeds with a First Order Rate Constant of 839 min-1. 5. Rate constants of different order cannot be compared. However, the ratio of the first order rate constant to the second order rate constant gives an effective Molarity. 6. In order ...
... hydrolysis is dependent only on the substrate, and therefore proceeds with a First Order Rate Constant of 839 min-1. 5. Rate constants of different order cannot be compared. However, the ratio of the first order rate constant to the second order rate constant gives an effective Molarity. 6. In order ...
Growth independent rhamnolipid production from glucose using the
... rhamnose moiety requires b-oxidation and gluconeogenic reactions. Notably, in simulations with low growth rates and maintenance metabolism, rhamnolipid yield on glycerol equaled yields on sugars; with higher growth rate and maintenance metabolism, the yield on glycerol equaled the yield on octanoate ...
... rhamnose moiety requires b-oxidation and gluconeogenic reactions. Notably, in simulations with low growth rates and maintenance metabolism, rhamnolipid yield on glycerol equaled yields on sugars; with higher growth rate and maintenance metabolism, the yield on glycerol equaled the yield on octanoate ...
tetrahedron report number 124 suicide substrates
... as the free amino acid, 13 was reported to inactivate alanine racemase. It could do so uia Michael addition to the carbanion equivalent 14, but other possibilities exist as well. ...
... as the free amino acid, 13 was reported to inactivate alanine racemase. It could do so uia Michael addition to the carbanion equivalent 14, but other possibilities exist as well. ...
APPENDIX-1 ESTIMATION OF TOTAL
... A portion of the plant material was weighed out and extraction was carried out in two steps, firstly with MeOH: H2O (1:1). at each step, sufficient solvent was added to make liquid slurry and the mixture was left for 6-12 hrs, filtration to separate the extract from the plant material was carried ou ...
... A portion of the plant material was weighed out and extraction was carried out in two steps, firstly with MeOH: H2O (1:1). at each step, sufficient solvent was added to make liquid slurry and the mixture was left for 6-12 hrs, filtration to separate the extract from the plant material was carried ou ...
PDF - School of Chemical Sciences
... FDH) and low catalytic activity (FDH) [11,12]. Due to this lack of an efficient system, NADPH regeneration has not been applied in large-scale syntheses. The cofactors NAD and NADP are ubiquitous and differ only by the 2¢-phosphate group that is attached to the adenine ribose in NADP. Nature has expl ...
... FDH) and low catalytic activity (FDH) [11,12]. Due to this lack of an efficient system, NADPH regeneration has not been applied in large-scale syntheses. The cofactors NAD and NADP are ubiquitous and differ only by the 2¢-phosphate group that is attached to the adenine ribose in NADP. Nature has expl ...
campbell ch#3 only
... are an example. In other cases, the mirror-image objects cannot be superimposed on one another but are related to each other as the right hand is to the left. Such nonsuperimposable mirror images are said to be chiral (from the Greek cheir, “hand”); many important biomolecules are chiral. A frequent ...
... are an example. In other cases, the mirror-image objects cannot be superimposed on one another but are related to each other as the right hand is to the left. Such nonsuperimposable mirror images are said to be chiral (from the Greek cheir, “hand”); many important biomolecules are chiral. A frequent ...
Untitled
... Welcome to the Department of Clinical Biochemistry. The aim of this course guide is to provide you with clear description of the course objectives, contents of each topic together with its lectures, tutorials and practicals, which are presented in a sequential manner. Also it states clearly what is ...
... Welcome to the Department of Clinical Biochemistry. The aim of this course guide is to provide you with clear description of the course objectives, contents of each topic together with its lectures, tutorials and practicals, which are presented in a sequential manner. Also it states clearly what is ...
711 BOMB CARBON AS A TRACER OF DIETARY CARBON
... acids, an aspect of our larger project to examine the feeding ecology of the Pacific rat, Rattus exulans, on offshore islands in New Zealand (Beavan and Sparks 1998). For this study of modern populations, we have used the bomb-generated 14C signature. We chose bomb carbon 14C to track modern diet ba ...
... acids, an aspect of our larger project to examine the feeding ecology of the Pacific rat, Rattus exulans, on offshore islands in New Zealand (Beavan and Sparks 1998). For this study of modern populations, we have used the bomb-generated 14C signature. We chose bomb carbon 14C to track modern diet ba ...
Purification and properties of NADP +-dependent
... involved in glycerol metabolism have been assigned functions recently (Visser et al., 1988; J . Visser and others, unpublished results) : these are glycerol uptake, glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mitochondria1 membrane-bound flavoprotein). Strains carrying the latter two mut ...
... involved in glycerol metabolism have been assigned functions recently (Visser et al., 1988; J . Visser and others, unpublished results) : these are glycerol uptake, glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mitochondria1 membrane-bound flavoprotein). Strains carrying the latter two mut ...
A genomic view on syntrophic versus non-syntrophic
... with methanogens, while the phylogenetically closely related nonsulfate-reducing bacterium Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum grows with propionate in syntrophy with methanogens [18]. This review focusses on syntrophic degradation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as butyrate, propionate and aceta ...
... with methanogens, while the phylogenetically closely related nonsulfate-reducing bacterium Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum grows with propionate in syntrophy with methanogens [18]. This review focusses on syntrophic degradation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as butyrate, propionate and aceta ...
- Iranian Journal of Analytical Chemistry
... Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their binary mixtures ([C8MIM]-Fe3O4) with 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide were prepared and characterized as ionic liquid for using in the adsorption of phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine. The characteristics of [C8MIM]-Fe3O4 nanoparticles were investigated via usin ...
... Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their binary mixtures ([C8MIM]-Fe3O4) with 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide were prepared and characterized as ionic liquid for using in the adsorption of phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine. The characteristics of [C8MIM]-Fe3O4 nanoparticles were investigated via usin ...
mineralization of chlorobenzene. of the meta
... been described. These organisms can be differentiated on the basis of the catabolic pathways dealing with the substituents. Chlorosubstituents can be removed by initial oxygenolytic, reductive, or hydrolytic reactions. Further mineralization can then occur via classical pathways such as the 3-oxoadi ...
... been described. These organisms can be differentiated on the basis of the catabolic pathways dealing with the substituents. Chlorosubstituents can be removed by initial oxygenolytic, reductive, or hydrolytic reactions. Further mineralization can then occur via classical pathways such as the 3-oxoadi ...
Microbial degradation of chloroaromatics Mars, Astrid E.
... Pseudomonas putida GJ31 is able to simultaneously grow on toluene and chlorobenzene. When cultures of this strain were inhibited with 3-fluorocatechol while growing on toluene or chlorobenzene, 3-methylcatechol or 3-chlorocatechol, respectively, accumulated in the medium. To establish the catabolic ...
... Pseudomonas putida GJ31 is able to simultaneously grow on toluene and chlorobenzene. When cultures of this strain were inhibited with 3-fluorocatechol while growing on toluene or chlorobenzene, 3-methylcatechol or 3-chlorocatechol, respectively, accumulated in the medium. To establish the catabolic ...
Studies on pituitary polypeptide hormones. 2. The action of pepsin
... hydrolysates; in some cases N- and C-terminalgroup analysis was also carried out. The results are summarized in Table 2. All the components separated by ionophoresis represent single peptides which have been derived from f-MSH by degradation with subtilisin. Peptides S 2a and S 8a contained methioni ...
... hydrolysates; in some cases N- and C-terminalgroup analysis was also carried out. The results are summarized in Table 2. All the components separated by ionophoresis represent single peptides which have been derived from f-MSH by degradation with subtilisin. Peptides S 2a and S 8a contained methioni ...
Organic Chemistry/Fourth Edition: e-Text
... acids, acyl chlorides, anhydrides, esters, and amides. Table 20.1 summarizes the stabilizing effects of substituents on carbonyl groups to which they are attached. In addition to a qualitative ranking, quantitative estimates of the relative rates of hydrolysis of the various classes of acyl derivati ...
... acids, acyl chlorides, anhydrides, esters, and amides. Table 20.1 summarizes the stabilizing effects of substituents on carbonyl groups to which they are attached. In addition to a qualitative ranking, quantitative estimates of the relative rates of hydrolysis of the various classes of acyl derivati ...
Chapter 4 Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry 4.1
... Notice that classification of ionic compound solubility is primarily based on the anion in the compound. When classifying an ionic compound as soluble or insoluble, first determine whether the anion present is typically found in soluble or insoluble compounds. Next, see if the cation in the compound ...
... Notice that classification of ionic compound solubility is primarily based on the anion in the compound. When classifying an ionic compound as soluble or insoluble, first determine whether the anion present is typically found in soluble or insoluble compounds. Next, see if the cation in the compound ...
Amino Acid Composition in Fillets of Mirror Crossbreds Common
... crossing). These breeds were the Hungarian mirror carp (M2) for pure breed production, Hungarian mirror line (L15), the Israeli breed (DOR70) and the Northern mirror carp (M72). The scaly hybrid of the Ropsha (ROP) and the Tataj (TAT) carp was used as a control. The fish were reared under standard c ...
... crossing). These breeds were the Hungarian mirror carp (M2) for pure breed production, Hungarian mirror line (L15), the Israeli breed (DOR70) and the Northern mirror carp (M72). The scaly hybrid of the Ropsha (ROP) and the Tataj (TAT) carp was used as a control. The fish were reared under standard c ...
The Nitrogen Cycle: Processes, Players, and Human Impact | Learn
... nitrogen-fixers that are also photosynthetic since they actually produce oxygen. Over time, nitrogen-fixers have evolved different ways to protect their nitrogenase from oxygen. For example, some cyanobacteria have structures called heterocysts that provide a low-oxygen environment for the enzyme an ...
... nitrogen-fixers that are also photosynthetic since they actually produce oxygen. Over time, nitrogen-fixers have evolved different ways to protect their nitrogenase from oxygen. For example, some cyanobacteria have structures called heterocysts that provide a low-oxygen environment for the enzyme an ...
metabolism during adventitious root primordium initiation
... becomes degraded either by the aerobic EMP pathway, leading to the production of pyruvate; or part or all of the G-6-P may enter the PP pathway, which also functions under anaerobic conditions, and may yield pyruvate. Pyruvate, of course, enters the TCA cycle after decarboxylation. Enhanced primordi ...
... becomes degraded either by the aerobic EMP pathway, leading to the production of pyruvate; or part or all of the G-6-P may enter the PP pathway, which also functions under anaerobic conditions, and may yield pyruvate. Pyruvate, of course, enters the TCA cycle after decarboxylation. Enhanced primordi ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.