Porphyrin Metabolism & Porphyrias
... • a deficiency in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase • Clinical expression of the enzyme deficiency is influenced by various factors, such as exposure to sunlight, the presence of hepatitis B or C • Clinical onset is during the fourth or fifth decade of life. • Porphyrin accumulation leads to cutaneous ...
... • a deficiency in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase • Clinical expression of the enzyme deficiency is influenced by various factors, such as exposure to sunlight, the presence of hepatitis B or C • Clinical onset is during the fourth or fifth decade of life. • Porphyrin accumulation leads to cutaneous ...
Heterotrophic cultures
... In a broad sense, all organisms, including microalgae, use the same metabolic pathways for respiration. As expected, the metabolism of microalgae generally resembles, with only minor differences, that of higher plants. However, it is impossible to precisely predict which specific substrates can be u ...
... In a broad sense, all organisms, including microalgae, use the same metabolic pathways for respiration. As expected, the metabolism of microalgae generally resembles, with only minor differences, that of higher plants. However, it is impossible to precisely predict which specific substrates can be u ...
University of Groningen Transport processes in penicillin
... strain NRRL 1951 was selected as a source of more productive sub-strains. Shortly after the introduction of submerged fermentation, it was discovered that addition of phenylacetic acid to the medium resulted in the sole production of penicillin G. An extensive search for other precursors revealed ph ...
... strain NRRL 1951 was selected as a source of more productive sub-strains. Shortly after the introduction of submerged fermentation, it was discovered that addition of phenylacetic acid to the medium resulted in the sole production of penicillin G. An extensive search for other precursors revealed ph ...
Table of Contents - Appanna Lab
... able to reconfigure their internal biochemical processes in order to effectively stave off stress. Enzyme activity analysis revealed the up-regulation of several key enzymes most importantly isocitrate lyase (ICL) and acylating glyoxyalate dehydrogenase (AGODH). These enzymes were a part of a specif ...
... able to reconfigure their internal biochemical processes in order to effectively stave off stress. Enzyme activity analysis revealed the up-regulation of several key enzymes most importantly isocitrate lyase (ICL) and acylating glyoxyalate dehydrogenase (AGODH). These enzymes were a part of a specif ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase ATPase domain structures
... its ATPase activity using a sensitive fluorescence assay which measures the production of Pi [28]. As the ATPase activity of the isolated ATPase domain is quite low, 15 μM protein was used. Figure 1 shows an ATP titration for the ATPase domain. An ATP-dependent increase in activity was observed, and ...
... its ATPase activity using a sensitive fluorescence assay which measures the production of Pi [28]. As the ATPase activity of the isolated ATPase domain is quite low, 15 μM protein was used. Figure 1 shows an ATP titration for the ATPase domain. An ATP-dependent increase in activity was observed, and ...
Autocatalytic Sets in E. coli Metabolism
... reactions within the set of catalyzed reactions. Moreover, by grouping these reactions with the same generic catalyst (Protein or RNA), we are simplifying the network’s catalyst space without losing biological information. iv) Reactions for which the E. coli enzyme is unknown were assigned to anothe ...
... reactions within the set of catalyzed reactions. Moreover, by grouping these reactions with the same generic catalyst (Protein or RNA), we are simplifying the network’s catalyst space without losing biological information. iv) Reactions for which the E. coli enzyme is unknown were assigned to anothe ...
University: Suez Canal University Faculty of Medicine Course
... 6. Carbohydrate metabolism: For each of the following pathways demonstrate in details using formula: substrate, steps, enzymes, coenzymes, intermediates, products and their fate, energy consumption or yield, purpose, site, importance and regulation of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeog ...
... 6. Carbohydrate metabolism: For each of the following pathways demonstrate in details using formula: substrate, steps, enzymes, coenzymes, intermediates, products and their fate, energy consumption or yield, purpose, site, importance and regulation of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeog ...
Chylomicron Remnants and Nonesterified Fatty Involved in Lipogenesis in Rats
... Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237 ...
... Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237 ...
Growth-Environment Dependent Modulation of
... fatty acid composition was radically different with SCUFAs, which increase membrane fluidity, ...
... fatty acid composition was radically different with SCUFAs, which increase membrane fluidity, ...
Upgrading the Hemicellulosic Fraction of Biomass into Biofuel
... capable of fermenting pentose constituents. These efforts were met with varying degrees of success, especially in the case of industrial substrates. In this paper, we describe two other possible ways of using the hemicellulosic fraction, each of which may contribute to the economic viability of biof ...
... capable of fermenting pentose constituents. These efforts were met with varying degrees of success, especially in the case of industrial substrates. In this paper, we describe two other possible ways of using the hemicellulosic fraction, each of which may contribute to the economic viability of biof ...
Flux limitations in the ortho pathway of benzoate
... of benzoate was investigated. In batch culture, growth was exponential and growth rate (p) and yields ( Y ) were high [cc = 0.51 h-l and Y*nzoate = 056 mol carbon (mol carbon)-l] when low concentrations of benzoate (< 5 mM) were used. These kinetic parameters were close to the maxima determined in a ...
... of benzoate was investigated. In batch culture, growth was exponential and growth rate (p) and yields ( Y ) were high [cc = 0.51 h-l and Y*nzoate = 056 mol carbon (mol carbon)-l] when low concentrations of benzoate (< 5 mM) were used. These kinetic parameters were close to the maxima determined in a ...
126 EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET-B IRRADIATION ON FATTY ACIDS
... the fatty acids composition of microalgae (e.g. Wang & Chai, 1994 and Odmark et al., 1998) and those that have been published are seemingly contradictory. The extant literature on the subject includes: some studies reporting an overall increase in SFA (saturated fatty acids) and MUFA (monounsaturate ...
... the fatty acids composition of microalgae (e.g. Wang & Chai, 1994 and Odmark et al., 1998) and those that have been published are seemingly contradictory. The extant literature on the subject includes: some studies reporting an overall increase in SFA (saturated fatty acids) and MUFA (monounsaturate ...
Regulation of Exogenous and Endogenous Glucose Metabolism by
... plays an important role in myocardial energy metabolism, providing ATP through both glycolysis and oxidation in the citric acid cycle. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the uptake of glucose by the heart is regulated by insulin. Further, the rate of glucose uptake is determined, in part, by th ...
... plays an important role in myocardial energy metabolism, providing ATP through both glycolysis and oxidation in the citric acid cycle. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the uptake of glucose by the heart is regulated by insulin. Further, the rate of glucose uptake is determined, in part, by th ...
105 ACID - DW Brooks
... was proposed by Br~lnsted and Lowry in 1923. This defmition, which gives a more complete picture of acids and bases, treated an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor. An acid-base reaction then is essentially a transfer of protons. During the past several decades other useful defini ...
... was proposed by Br~lnsted and Lowry in 1923. This defmition, which gives a more complete picture of acids and bases, treated an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor. An acid-base reaction then is essentially a transfer of protons. During the past several decades other useful defini ...
Mineralization of Drugs in Aqueous Medium by Advanced Oxidation
... electro-Fenton process involves the enhancement of the oxidizing power of the above electrolytic system by adding small amounts of a catalyst like Fe2+, which reacts with electrogenerated H2O2 to yield •OH in solution from Fenton’s reaction (1). The most popular electro-Fenton method is the so-calle ...
... electro-Fenton process involves the enhancement of the oxidizing power of the above electrolytic system by adding small amounts of a catalyst like Fe2+, which reacts with electrogenerated H2O2 to yield •OH in solution from Fenton’s reaction (1). The most popular electro-Fenton method is the so-calle ...
for students of the Faculty of Medicine
... Amino acids are among the best-known components of living organisms. They are derived from organic acids, in which a hydrogen atom most often located near the α-carbon is substituted by the amino group. Some amino acids have two amino groups located at different carbon atoms, a few contain two or ev ...
... Amino acids are among the best-known components of living organisms. They are derived from organic acids, in which a hydrogen atom most often located near the α-carbon is substituted by the amino group. Some amino acids have two amino groups located at different carbon atoms, a few contain two or ev ...
Breathing (respiration) and Cellular Respiration
... 1. Glucose can be “burned” controllably by enzymes as electrons (and protons) are passed to O2 (highly electronegative O – pulls electrons away from C-C and C-H) – exergonic (-ΔG) overall. 2. O2 will become H2O upon being reduced - gaining electrons (and protons follow). 3. Glucose will be oxidized ...
... 1. Glucose can be “burned” controllably by enzymes as electrons (and protons) are passed to O2 (highly electronegative O – pulls electrons away from C-C and C-H) – exergonic (-ΔG) overall. 2. O2 will become H2O upon being reduced - gaining electrons (and protons follow). 3. Glucose will be oxidized ...
Basic Concepts - Department of Chemistry
... • Equilibrium constants can be used to calculate the equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products by using the quantities or concentrations of the reactants, the stoichiometry of the balanced equation for the reaction, and a tabular format to obtain the final concentrations of all species at ...
... • Equilibrium constants can be used to calculate the equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products by using the quantities or concentrations of the reactants, the stoichiometry of the balanced equation for the reaction, and a tabular format to obtain the final concentrations of all species at ...
Exercise Diminishes the Activity of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
... exercise by a coordinated series of events that lead to increases in glucose transport, glycogenolysis, glycolysis, and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. In contrast, the mechanism by which fatty acid oxidation is increased is less clear. In rats, a reasonably compelling body of evidence suggests tha ...
... exercise by a coordinated series of events that lead to increases in glucose transport, glycogenolysis, glycolysis, and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. In contrast, the mechanism by which fatty acid oxidation is increased is less clear. In rats, a reasonably compelling body of evidence suggests tha ...
Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
... Gas-Forming Reactions • This reaction gives the predicted product, but you better carry it out in the hood, or you will be very unpopular! • Just as in the previous examples, a gas is formed as a product of this reaction: Na2S (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) Na2SO4 (aq) + H2S (g) Aqueous Reactions ...
... Gas-Forming Reactions • This reaction gives the predicted product, but you better carry it out in the hood, or you will be very unpopular! • Just as in the previous examples, a gas is formed as a product of this reaction: Na2S (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) Na2SO4 (aq) + H2S (g) Aqueous Reactions ...
Enzyme - MACscience
... Enzymes involved in catabolic reactions can cause a single substrate molecule to be drawn into the active site. Chemical bonds are broken, causing the substrate molecule to break apart to become two separate molecules. Catabolic reactions include: ...
... Enzymes involved in catabolic reactions can cause a single substrate molecule to be drawn into the active site. Chemical bonds are broken, causing the substrate molecule to break apart to become two separate molecules. Catabolic reactions include: ...
Transport proteins regulate the flux of metabolites and cofactors
... of substrates that are exchanged across the peroxisomal membrane, a wide spectrum of metabolite and cofactor transporters is required and needs to be efficiently coordinated. These peroxisomal transport proteins are a prerequisite for metabolic reactions inside plant peroxisomes. The entire peroxisom ...
... of substrates that are exchanged across the peroxisomal membrane, a wide spectrum of metabolite and cofactor transporters is required and needs to be efficiently coordinated. These peroxisomal transport proteins are a prerequisite for metabolic reactions inside plant peroxisomes. The entire peroxisom ...
Basic Concepts
... • Equilibrium constants can be used to calculate the equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products by using the quantities or concentrations of the reactants, the stoichiometry of the balanced equation for the reaction, and a tabular format to obtain the final concentrations of all species at ...
... • Equilibrium constants can be used to calculate the equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products by using the quantities or concentrations of the reactants, the stoichiometry of the balanced equation for the reaction, and a tabular format to obtain the final concentrations of all species at ...
Glycogen Metabolism
... of a glucose molecule to one of its own tyrosine residues. UDP is released as a product Glycogenin then catalyzes glucosylation at C4 of the attached glucose (UDP‐glucose again the donor), to yield an O‐linked disaccharide with α(14) glycosidic linkage This is repeated until a short linear gluc ...
... of a glucose molecule to one of its own tyrosine residues. UDP is released as a product Glycogenin then catalyzes glucosylation at C4 of the attached glucose (UDP‐glucose again the donor), to yield an O‐linked disaccharide with α(14) glycosidic linkage This is repeated until a short linear gluc ...
Stunned myocardium—an unfinished puzzle
... Myocardial stunning describes the phenomenon of reversible contractile dysfunction of viable myocardium after restoration of normal or nearly normal epicardial coronary flow following myocardial ischemia. In man, myocardial stunning has been observed following cardiac surgery (global ischemia and re ...
... Myocardial stunning describes the phenomenon of reversible contractile dysfunction of viable myocardium after restoration of normal or nearly normal epicardial coronary flow following myocardial ischemia. In man, myocardial stunning has been observed following cardiac surgery (global ischemia and re ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.