1. A pharmacy analyst supervises the state of a refractometer. For its
... 6. Diethyl ether relates to simple ethers. Prior to its identification by using the boiling temperature an analytical chemist must ensure that there are no: A Peroxides B Reducing substances C Alcohols D Non-volatile residue E Carboxylic acids Before determining the boiling temperature first determ ...
... 6. Diethyl ether relates to simple ethers. Prior to its identification by using the boiling temperature an analytical chemist must ensure that there are no: A Peroxides B Reducing substances C Alcohols D Non-volatile residue E Carboxylic acids Before determining the boiling temperature first determ ...
Novel regulatory roles of omega-3 fatty acids in metabolic pathways
... Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been shown to alleviate the symptoms of metabolic disorders, such as heart disease, diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance. Several putative mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA elicit beneficial health effects have been proposed; however, th ...
... Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been shown to alleviate the symptoms of metabolic disorders, such as heart disease, diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance. Several putative mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA elicit beneficial health effects have been proposed; however, th ...
chemistry sp.indd
... 23 Under the Montreal Protocol, the manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons has been phased out, and they are being replaced by fluorocarbons. One chlorofluorocarbon which was widely used as a solvent is CCl2FCClF2. Large stocks of it remain. One process to use up these stocks is to convert it into the f ...
... 23 Under the Montreal Protocol, the manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons has been phased out, and they are being replaced by fluorocarbons. One chlorofluorocarbon which was widely used as a solvent is CCl2FCClF2. Large stocks of it remain. One process to use up these stocks is to convert it into the f ...
The Effect of Amino Acid on the Uptake and Utilization of Tryptophan
... inhibitory amino acids formed in the present work are more or less the same as those observed in the enzymic studies just mentioned, suggesting that the influence of casein hydrolysate and amino acids may be to some extent on the utilization of tryptophan. The inhibitory amino acids are mono-amino m ...
... inhibitory amino acids formed in the present work are more or less the same as those observed in the enzymic studies just mentioned, suggesting that the influence of casein hydrolysate and amino acids may be to some extent on the utilization of tryptophan. The inhibitory amino acids are mono-amino m ...
Serine racemase: a KEY PLAYER in NEURON activity and in
... Lys56 and PLP. When the hydroxyl group of the quinonoid intermediate is protonated, a -elimination takes place, with formation of -aminoacrylate (4), an unstable intermediate that is readily hydrolyzed to ammonia and pyruvate. The protonation can be carried out by either Ser84 or Lys56 depending o ...
... Lys56 and PLP. When the hydroxyl group of the quinonoid intermediate is protonated, a -elimination takes place, with formation of -aminoacrylate (4), an unstable intermediate that is readily hydrolyzed to ammonia and pyruvate. The protonation can be carried out by either Ser84 or Lys56 depending o ...
Singlet Oxygen Production by Soybean Lipoxygenase Isozymes”
... University, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153 and the TDepartment of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 ...
... University, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153 and the TDepartment of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 ...
Comparison of the Functional Differences for the Homologous Residues within... Carboxy Phosphate and Carbamate Domains of Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase
... Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) from Escherichia coli catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from two molecules of MgATP, bicarbonate, and glutamine. It has been previously shown that the amino- and carboxy-terminal halves of the large subunit of this protein are homologous. A working m ...
... Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) from Escherichia coli catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from two molecules of MgATP, bicarbonate, and glutamine. It has been previously shown that the amino- and carboxy-terminal halves of the large subunit of this protein are homologous. A working m ...
Balancing between respiration and fermentation - UvA-DARE
... concentrationn of a carbon source in order to carry out the metabolic functions most appropriate too the situation (figure 1). This provides the yeast cell with energy and reducing equivalents in thee form of ATP and NAD(P)H and building blocks to synthesize other biomolecules. While most yeastss ca ...
... concentrationn of a carbon source in order to carry out the metabolic functions most appropriate too the situation (figure 1). This provides the yeast cell with energy and reducing equivalents in thee form of ATP and NAD(P)H and building blocks to synthesize other biomolecules. While most yeastss ca ...
Lysine Inhibition of in vivo Homocitrate Synthesis in
... thus appears to be partially blocked before a-aminoadipic acid. The -remaining auxotrophs presumably are either blocked between a-aminoadipic acid and lysine or unable to take up a-aminoadipic acid. PeniciZZium chrysogenum strains Wis. 54-1255 and L, were maintained on slants of Sabouraud dextrose a ...
... thus appears to be partially blocked before a-aminoadipic acid. The -remaining auxotrophs presumably are either blocked between a-aminoadipic acid and lysine or unable to take up a-aminoadipic acid. PeniciZZium chrysogenum strains Wis. 54-1255 and L, were maintained on slants of Sabouraud dextrose a ...
Algae triglycerides
... cell weight) of triacylglycerols (TAG) as a storage lipid under photo-oxidative stress or other adverse environmental conditions. Fatty acids, the building blocks for TAGs and all other cellular lipids, are synthesized in the chloroplast using a single set of enzymes, of which acetyl CoA carboxylase ...
... cell weight) of triacylglycerols (TAG) as a storage lipid under photo-oxidative stress or other adverse environmental conditions. Fatty acids, the building blocks for TAGs and all other cellular lipids, are synthesized in the chloroplast using a single set of enzymes, of which acetyl CoA carboxylase ...
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Chapter 1
... Temperature Effects • An enzyme has an optimum temperature associated with maximal function • The rate of an uncatalyzed reaction will increase proportionally with temperature increase • Optimum temperature is usually close to the temperature at which the enzyme typically exists – 37oC for humans ...
... Temperature Effects • An enzyme has an optimum temperature associated with maximal function • The rate of an uncatalyzed reaction will increase proportionally with temperature increase • Optimum temperature is usually close to the temperature at which the enzyme typically exists – 37oC for humans ...
l-aspartate oxidase magnetic nanoparticles
... by a two-step process. The scheme of NP activation and enzyme conjugation is illustrated in Fig. 1. With this two steps reaction, different conjugations can occur (Fig. 1): an enzyme molecule could interact with just one NP-APTES (product A), an enzyme molecule could react with amino groups of differe ...
... by a two-step process. The scheme of NP activation and enzyme conjugation is illustrated in Fig. 1. With this two steps reaction, different conjugations can occur (Fig. 1): an enzyme molecule could interact with just one NP-APTES (product A), an enzyme molecule could react with amino groups of differe ...
Effects of Xylitol on S. mutans
... Mechanisms of Action of Xylitol Lack of acid production by plaque bacteria Increased saliva secretion and salivary buffer capacity Inhibition of demineralization of sound enamel Remineralization of decalcified sites Inhibition of acid production by MS from dietary sugars Inhibition of MS g ...
... Mechanisms of Action of Xylitol Lack of acid production by plaque bacteria Increased saliva secretion and salivary buffer capacity Inhibition of demineralization of sound enamel Remineralization of decalcified sites Inhibition of acid production by MS from dietary sugars Inhibition of MS g ...
Acetate kinase from CIostridiurn acetobutylicurn : a highly specific
... phosphotransbutyrylase have been purified and characterized (Hartmanis, 1987; Wiesenborn et al., 1989). The purified butyrate kinase also shows a low reaction rate with acetate as substrate, but the high level of acetate and butyrate kinase activities in crude extracts (Andersch et al., 1983; Hartma ...
... phosphotransbutyrylase have been purified and characterized (Hartmanis, 1987; Wiesenborn et al., 1989). The purified butyrate kinase also shows a low reaction rate with acetate as substrate, but the high level of acetate and butyrate kinase activities in crude extracts (Andersch et al., 1983; Hartma ...
Multi-Organ Contribution to the Metabolic Plasma Profile Using
... contains detailed information regarding each individual block. [2] In this study, the upper level contained systemic variation from each compartment (e.g. systemic variation from the blocks representing the investigated organs and plasma) while the lower level contained information regarding their m ...
... contains detailed information regarding each individual block. [2] In this study, the upper level contained systemic variation from each compartment (e.g. systemic variation from the blocks representing the investigated organs and plasma) while the lower level contained information regarding their m ...
8)Discuss the roles of cofactors and coenzymes in enzyme activity.
... but the second does not. C. Another theory suggests that the enzyme is more flexible in absence of the substrate and then changes conformation in an induced-fit model when it binds with the substrate. ...
... but the second does not. C. Another theory suggests that the enzyme is more flexible in absence of the substrate and then changes conformation in an induced-fit model when it binds with the substrate. ...
chapter 1: exploring life
... 6.List six major functions of membrane proteins. 7.Explain the role of membrane carbohydrates in cell-cell recognition. 8.Explain how hydrophobic molecules cross cell membranes. 9.Distinguish between channel proteins and carrier proteins. 10.Define diffusion. Explain why diffusion is a spontaneous p ...
... 6.List six major functions of membrane proteins. 7.Explain the role of membrane carbohydrates in cell-cell recognition. 8.Explain how hydrophobic molecules cross cell membranes. 9.Distinguish between channel proteins and carrier proteins. 10.Define diffusion. Explain why diffusion is a spontaneous p ...
Bypassing the glucose/fatty acid cycle: AMP
... is supported by the finding that leptin activates AMPK in H-2Kb muscle cells in culture. In contrast, a slower (6-h) response appears to be mediated via the hypothalamus and stimulation of α-adrenergic receptors. The precise molecular mechanism(s) by which leptin activates AMPK are not fully underst ...
... is supported by the finding that leptin activates AMPK in H-2Kb muscle cells in culture. In contrast, a slower (6-h) response appears to be mediated via the hypothalamus and stimulation of α-adrenergic receptors. The precise molecular mechanism(s) by which leptin activates AMPK are not fully underst ...
biochem_lec3_27-4
... **As cholesterol is mainly produced by the liver and small intestine it's then transported to different cells. Although cells have the ability to make it they get it ready made. 2) The dietary cholesterol present about 300 mg/day in the case of low cholesterol diet, it may be more than that, even if ...
... **As cholesterol is mainly produced by the liver and small intestine it's then transported to different cells. Although cells have the ability to make it they get it ready made. 2) The dietary cholesterol present about 300 mg/day in the case of low cholesterol diet, it may be more than that, even if ...
SODIUM-COUPLED TRANSPORTERS FOR KREBS CYCLE
... similar to the one found in rabbit kidney (58). The rat transporter has an apparent Km for methylsuccinate of 130 µM (58) and a Km for α-ketoglutarate of 158 µM (14). Aside from the difference in substrate affinity, the apical membrane transporters in rat and rabbit are very similar in their sodium ...
... similar to the one found in rabbit kidney (58). The rat transporter has an apparent Km for methylsuccinate of 130 µM (58) and a Km for α-ketoglutarate of 158 µM (14). Aside from the difference in substrate affinity, the apical membrane transporters in rat and rabbit are very similar in their sodium ...
Part 2
... 3. Enzyme: The biocatalyst responsible for bringing about an increase in the rate of reaction for conversion of substrate to product. 4. Intermediate: Enzymatic reactions proceed through formation of a transition state i.e. an intermediate state in between substrate and product having higher free en ...
... 3. Enzyme: The biocatalyst responsible for bringing about an increase in the rate of reaction for conversion of substrate to product. 4. Intermediate: Enzymatic reactions proceed through formation of a transition state i.e. an intermediate state in between substrate and product having higher free en ...
PDF - Biochemical Society Transactions
... stereochemistry is assigned on the basis of nuclear Overhauser enhancement difference spectroscopy and signal enhancement values are indicated in the scheme. Analogous processes can be carried out intramolecularly (e.g. ...
... stereochemistry is assigned on the basis of nuclear Overhauser enhancement difference spectroscopy and signal enhancement values are indicated in the scheme. Analogous processes can be carried out intramolecularly (e.g. ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.