Extending the limits of paleodietary studies of humans with
... Stable carbon isotopes in the bone collagen of prehistoric humans are valuable tools for determining human diet. We studied carbon isotopes in individual amino acids (IAA) in plants and collagen from herbivores and humans from North American prehistoric sites in order to determine whether more speci ...
... Stable carbon isotopes in the bone collagen of prehistoric humans are valuable tools for determining human diet. We studied carbon isotopes in individual amino acids (IAA) in plants and collagen from herbivores and humans from North American prehistoric sites in order to determine whether more speci ...
Glycogen Metabolism
... the distance from a branching point is 4 glucose residues when another enzyme the debranching enzyme takes over ...
... the distance from a branching point is 4 glucose residues when another enzyme the debranching enzyme takes over ...
Instructions for use Title ENZYMOLOGICAL STUDIES ON
... reversal of glycolysis. The reversibility of glycolysis depends on the operation of specific gluconeogenic enzymes. Because of the exceptional advantages of the model system of glycolysis in the study of the role of enzymes in homeostasis, key differences between the enzymatic steps of glycolysis an ...
... reversal of glycolysis. The reversibility of glycolysis depends on the operation of specific gluconeogenic enzymes. Because of the exceptional advantages of the model system of glycolysis in the study of the role of enzymes in homeostasis, key differences between the enzymatic steps of glycolysis an ...
Redox speciation analysis of antimony in soil extracts by hydride
... received little environmental attention. There are only a few of studies in soils, sediments and biological materials. The natural concentration of antimony in soils is -1 mg kgy1 w2x. However, ...
... received little environmental attention. There are only a few of studies in soils, sediments and biological materials. The natural concentration of antimony in soils is -1 mg kgy1 w2x. However, ...
Disposition of Glutathione Conjugates in Rats by a Novel Glutamic
... comparisons with synthetic standards. This pathway (addition of glutamic acids) led to larger peptides, in contrast to the mercapturic acid pathway, in which the glutathione adducts are broken down to smaller molecules. The enzyme responsible for the addition of glutamic acid to the different elemen ...
... comparisons with synthetic standards. This pathway (addition of glutamic acids) led to larger peptides, in contrast to the mercapturic acid pathway, in which the glutathione adducts are broken down to smaller molecules. The enzyme responsible for the addition of glutamic acid to the different elemen ...
Radical species in the catalytic pathways of enzymes from anaerobes
... radicals participate and those where radical anions are involved. The former class is illustrated by lysine 2,3-aminomutase and also by enzymes dependent on coenzyme B12 , that catalyse carbon skeleton rearrangements (e.g. glutamate mutase). A substrate-based radical for both lysine 2,3-aminomutase ...
... radicals participate and those where radical anions are involved. The former class is illustrated by lysine 2,3-aminomutase and also by enzymes dependent on coenzyme B12 , that catalyse carbon skeleton rearrangements (e.g. glutamate mutase). A substrate-based radical for both lysine 2,3-aminomutase ...
The acetaminophen metabolite
... Liss et al., 2013; Pitt and Hauser, 1998) the majority were poorly nourished, had one or more chronic morbidities requiring pain relief, and often on-going sepsis. Some were alcohol abusers, had renal impairment, and/or post-operative infection and three were pregnant. The median age was 54 y (range ...
... Liss et al., 2013; Pitt and Hauser, 1998) the majority were poorly nourished, had one or more chronic morbidities requiring pain relief, and often on-going sepsis. Some were alcohol abusers, had renal impairment, and/or post-operative infection and three were pregnant. The median age was 54 y (range ...
Recent Developments on the Mechanism and Kinetics
... studies on esterification are mainly focused on the following aspects: (1) establishing the adequate reaction mechanism according to the research papers, and (2) evaluating the ...
... studies on esterification are mainly focused on the following aspects: (1) establishing the adequate reaction mechanism according to the research papers, and (2) evaluating the ...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase and the regulation of glucose oxidation in
... oxidation by way of pyruvate-induced activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex [15–19]. The mechanism(s) responsible for low coupling of glucose oxidation to glycolysis in hypertrophied hearts are not yet known. The multi-enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) catalyzes the oxidative dec ...
... oxidation by way of pyruvate-induced activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex [15–19]. The mechanism(s) responsible for low coupling of glucose oxidation to glycolysis in hypertrophied hearts are not yet known. The multi-enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) catalyzes the oxidative dec ...
MCAD - MSOE Center for BioMolecular Modeling
... Enzymes catalyzes the rate of reaction Multiple Intermolecular Interactions ...
... Enzymes catalyzes the rate of reaction Multiple Intermolecular Interactions ...
Organic Acids and Bases and Some of Their Derivatives
... Carboxylic acids exhibit strong hydrogen bonding between molecules. They therefore have high boiling points compared to other substances of comparable molar mass. The carboxyl group readily engages in hydrogen bonding with water molecules (Figure 15.3 "Hydrogen Bonding between an Acetic Acid Molecul ...
... Carboxylic acids exhibit strong hydrogen bonding between molecules. They therefore have high boiling points compared to other substances of comparable molar mass. The carboxyl group readily engages in hydrogen bonding with water molecules (Figure 15.3 "Hydrogen Bonding between an Acetic Acid Molecul ...
Salcedo-SoraAndMcAul
... Infectious diseases are still a major burden to human health and economic development. For example, in 2013 mortality due to tuberculosis 2013 was estimated at 1.4 million people.1 Moreover, Malaria causes an astonishing 200 to 500 million of clinical episodes a year2–4 with nearly 600 thousand deat ...
... Infectious diseases are still a major burden to human health and economic development. For example, in 2013 mortality due to tuberculosis 2013 was estimated at 1.4 million people.1 Moreover, Malaria causes an astonishing 200 to 500 million of clinical episodes a year2–4 with nearly 600 thousand deat ...
The Role of Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase in Plant Mitochondria
... organelle. One of these proteins is Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK). NDPKs have been characterized as a large family of conserved proteins that synthesize nucleoside triphosphates from nucleoside diphosphates (Lacombe et al., 2000). One of the main functions of NDPKs is the maintenance of the i ...
... organelle. One of these proteins is Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK). NDPKs have been characterized as a large family of conserved proteins that synthesize nucleoside triphosphates from nucleoside diphosphates (Lacombe et al., 2000). One of the main functions of NDPKs is the maintenance of the i ...
Ch. 3: Vitamins, Cofactors, Coenzymes, Enzymes
... needed in small amounts for normal body functions that the body cannot synthesize in adequat amounts enzyme: a protein that is a catalyst metalloenzyme: an enzyme that has a tightly bound metal ion cofactor: an organic molecule or a metal ion that certain enzymes need in order to catalyze a reaction ...
... needed in small amounts for normal body functions that the body cannot synthesize in adequat amounts enzyme: a protein that is a catalyst metalloenzyme: an enzyme that has a tightly bound metal ion cofactor: an organic molecule or a metal ion that certain enzymes need in order to catalyze a reaction ...
The impact of sperm metabolism during in vitro storage: the stallion
... Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy molecule used by all living cells. It is an organic molecule containing high phosphate bonds. Energy is harvests from ATP through the breaking of these phosphate bonds by the ATPase enzyme, leaving behind adenosine diphosphate (ADP) which is rephosphorylate ...
... Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy molecule used by all living cells. It is an organic molecule containing high phosphate bonds. Energy is harvests from ATP through the breaking of these phosphate bonds by the ATPase enzyme, leaving behind adenosine diphosphate (ADP) which is rephosphorylate ...
Glycogen Metabolism
... When a genetic defect affects mainly an isoform of an enzyme expressed in liver, a common symptom is hypoglycemia, relating to impaired mobilization of glucose for release to the blood during fasting. When the defect is in muscle tissue, weakness & difficulty with exercise result from inability ...
... When a genetic defect affects mainly an isoform of an enzyme expressed in liver, a common symptom is hypoglycemia, relating to impaired mobilization of glucose for release to the blood during fasting. When the defect is in muscle tissue, weakness & difficulty with exercise result from inability ...
Theoretical Study of Gas-Phase Reactions of Fe(CO)5 with OH
... of the postulated cycle, do all of them play an active role in the reaction mechanism? Are other species involved? If so, what are their molecular and electronic structures? And which are the transition states (TSs) or short-lived intermediates connecting them? Most importantly, what type of reactio ...
... of the postulated cycle, do all of them play an active role in the reaction mechanism? Are other species involved? If so, what are their molecular and electronic structures? And which are the transition states (TSs) or short-lived intermediates connecting them? Most importantly, what type of reactio ...
Glycogen Metabolism
... When a genetic defect affects mainly an isoform of an enzyme expressed in liver, a common symptom is hypoglycemia, relating to impaired mobilization of glucose for release to the blood during fasting. When the defect is in muscle tissue, weakness & difficulty with exercise result from inability ...
... When a genetic defect affects mainly an isoform of an enzyme expressed in liver, a common symptom is hypoglycemia, relating to impaired mobilization of glucose for release to the blood during fasting. When the defect is in muscle tissue, weakness & difficulty with exercise result from inability ...
Macromolecules in Biological System.doc
... The module solidifies and extends knowledge obtained from previous modules mainly on Aldehydes, Ketones and amino acids, linking them to the organism’s vital functions. The study on the contents of this module will give knowledge about properties and the activity of some of the main macromolecules f ...
... The module solidifies and extends knowledge obtained from previous modules mainly on Aldehydes, Ketones and amino acids, linking them to the organism’s vital functions. The study on the contents of this module will give knowledge about properties and the activity of some of the main macromolecules f ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a metabolic regulator of
... yet clear whether nematode Sir-2.1 exhibits an NADdependent deacetylase activity, NAD is likely to play a role in regulating worm Sir2.1. Moreover, both human and mouse Sir2p have been shown to function as NADdependent p53 deacetylases [21,22], and deacetylation of p53 via Sir2 promotes cell surviva ...
... yet clear whether nematode Sir-2.1 exhibits an NADdependent deacetylase activity, NAD is likely to play a role in regulating worm Sir2.1. Moreover, both human and mouse Sir2p have been shown to function as NADdependent p53 deacetylases [21,22], and deacetylation of p53 via Sir2 promotes cell surviva ...
Combined fluorescence and electrochemical investigation on the
... result is displayed by a plot of A/A0 as a function of the fatty acid concentration, where A0 is the fluorescence of the probe/HSA complex before addition of the fatty acid, and A is the fluorescence after addition of the fatty acid at a certain concentration. Titration of C8 against HSA with the drug ...
... result is displayed by a plot of A/A0 as a function of the fatty acid concentration, where A0 is the fluorescence of the probe/HSA complex before addition of the fatty acid, and A is the fluorescence after addition of the fatty acid at a certain concentration. Titration of C8 against HSA with the drug ...
Examination #2 1) Which of the following is not one of the four major
... 40) The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is –CH2-OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acid alanine is –CH3. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution? A) Serine would be in the interior, and alanine would be on the exterior of the ...
... 40) The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is –CH2-OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acid alanine is –CH3. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution? A) Serine would be in the interior, and alanine would be on the exterior of the ...
Influence of the Side Chain in the Structure and Fragmentation of
... to be the lowest-energy ion fragmentation. This result was confirmed later on by Lu et al.30 Fewer conformational studies have been performed for the other amino acids25,31-37,39-49 due to their higher conformational complexity. Their study, however, is interesting, because it introduces the influen ...
... to be the lowest-energy ion fragmentation. This result was confirmed later on by Lu et al.30 Fewer conformational studies have been performed for the other amino acids25,31-37,39-49 due to their higher conformational complexity. Their study, however, is interesting, because it introduces the influen ...
Heterotrophic cultures
... In a broad sense, all organisms, including microalgae, use the same metabolic pathways for respiration. As expected, the metabolism of microalgae generally resembles, with only minor differences, that of higher plants. However, it is impossible to precisely predict which specific substrates can be u ...
... In a broad sense, all organisms, including microalgae, use the same metabolic pathways for respiration. As expected, the metabolism of microalgae generally resembles, with only minor differences, that of higher plants. However, it is impossible to precisely predict which specific substrates can be u ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.