Green Fluorescent Protein
... • “Paint in a can” • Each monomer composed of a central helix surrounded by an eleven stranded cylinder of anti-parallel -sheets • Cylinder has a diameter of about 30A and is ...
... • “Paint in a can” • Each monomer composed of a central helix surrounded by an eleven stranded cylinder of anti-parallel -sheets • Cylinder has a diameter of about 30A and is ...
J24077086
... working on the flavouring components of kelp.The specific taste of the kelp preparations, kombu and katsuobushi, is traditionally very popular with the Japanese1-12.Although we are studying only about 20 amino acids, there are about six more found in the body”. Many others are also known from a vari ...
... working on the flavouring components of kelp.The specific taste of the kelp preparations, kombu and katsuobushi, is traditionally very popular with the Japanese1-12.Although we are studying only about 20 amino acids, there are about six more found in the body”. Many others are also known from a vari ...
Anterior eye development and ocular mesenchyme: new insights
... keratocytes, which is responsible for the synthesis of the highly specialized extracellular matrix of the corneal stroma. As a result, the cornea finally becomes transparent. While the early development of the mammalian cornea has been primarily studied in the mouse eye, the available data on cornea ...
... keratocytes, which is responsible for the synthesis of the highly specialized extracellular matrix of the corneal stroma. As a result, the cornea finally becomes transparent. While the early development of the mammalian cornea has been primarily studied in the mouse eye, the available data on cornea ...
Solid Tumour Section Esophagus: Barrett's esophagus, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma
... Genes involved and proteins ...
... Genes involved and proteins ...
PDF
... In Arabidopsis, Aux/IAA genes are one of the early auxin response gene families (Hagen and Guilfoyle, 2002). Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcription repressors that involve in the regulation of auxin signaling (Guilfoyle and Hagen, 2007; Guilfoyle, 2015). Most of the Aux/IAA proteins contain ...
... In Arabidopsis, Aux/IAA genes are one of the early auxin response gene families (Hagen and Guilfoyle, 2002). Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived transcription repressors that involve in the regulation of auxin signaling (Guilfoyle and Hagen, 2007; Guilfoyle, 2015). Most of the Aux/IAA proteins contain ...
The Structural, Biochemical, and Genetic Characterization of a New
... A variegated leaf mutant in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has been identified and characterized. E25-10 was derived by exposure of seeds of the “Williams’ 82” cultivar to γ-radiation. In this mutant, yellow leaf sectors contain defective chloroplasts, in which the thylakoid membranes are presente ...
... A variegated leaf mutant in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has been identified and characterized. E25-10 was derived by exposure of seeds of the “Williams’ 82” cultivar to γ-radiation. In this mutant, yellow leaf sectors contain defective chloroplasts, in which the thylakoid membranes are presente ...
thebacterialflagellum
... the late 17th century [1]. He manufactured microscopes and discovered small animals in his well water. He described them as “little eels, or worms, lying all huddled up together and wriggling” [2]. The bacteria he was observing was spirillum, probably Spirillum Volutans. However, Leeuwenhoek did not ...
... the late 17th century [1]. He manufactured microscopes and discovered small animals in his well water. He described them as “little eels, or worms, lying all huddled up together and wriggling” [2]. The bacteria he was observing was spirillum, probably Spirillum Volutans. However, Leeuwenhoek did not ...
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Mitogen
... al., 2004). These findings imply that MAPK signaling may play an important role in the mechano- and signal transduction of extracellular stimuli to intracellular biological responses that control muscle fiber viability. However, the reports regarding the activity of the MAPKs in the pathogenesis of ...
... al., 2004). These findings imply that MAPK signaling may play an important role in the mechano- and signal transduction of extracellular stimuli to intracellular biological responses that control muscle fiber viability. However, the reports regarding the activity of the MAPKs in the pathogenesis of ...
TAFs and the Mediator
... Counter argument - histones contact DNA through Args not conserved in TAFs Probably simply to facilitate compact and tight protein–protein packing ...
... Counter argument - histones contact DNA through Args not conserved in TAFs Probably simply to facilitate compact and tight protein–protein packing ...
Microtubules
... The minus end of a-tubulin may contribute an essential residue to the catalytic site of b-tubulin. Thus the minus end of an a subunit may serve as GAP (GTPase activating protein) for b-tubulin of the adjacent dimer in a protofilament. A homologous bacterial protein FtsZ is considered the ancestor of ...
... The minus end of a-tubulin may contribute an essential residue to the catalytic site of b-tubulin. Thus the minus end of an a subunit may serve as GAP (GTPase activating protein) for b-tubulin of the adjacent dimer in a protofilament. A homologous bacterial protein FtsZ is considered the ancestor of ...
The Amino-terminal Domain of the Golgi Protein Giantin Interacts
... matrix protein 130; PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; kb, kilobase(s); PCR, polymerase chain reaction; MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization. This paper is available on line at http://www.jbc.org ...
... matrix protein 130; PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; kb, kilobase(s); PCR, polymerase chain reaction; MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization. This paper is available on line at http://www.jbc.org ...
Development and evaluation of a reporter system for
... Valdivia, 2007). The results from these analyses have found application in both basic and applied sciences. In molecular and cellular biology, reporter gene technology has contributed to improved understanding of the cellular events associated with signal transduction and gene expression, and has al ...
... Valdivia, 2007). The results from these analyses have found application in both basic and applied sciences. In molecular and cellular biology, reporter gene technology has contributed to improved understanding of the cellular events associated with signal transduction and gene expression, and has al ...
A new fusion hypothesis for the origin of Eukarya: better than
... biosynthesis has been documented (Pearson et al., 2003; Siegl et al., in press). Otherwise, sterol biosynthesis is almost exclusively restricted to Eukarya. Plancomycetes are quite large cells that divide by budding, a feature that reminds us of Eukarya (in fact, Plancomycetes were once confused wit ...
... biosynthesis has been documented (Pearson et al., 2003; Siegl et al., in press). Otherwise, sterol biosynthesis is almost exclusively restricted to Eukarya. Plancomycetes are quite large cells that divide by budding, a feature that reminds us of Eukarya (in fact, Plancomycetes were once confused wit ...
3 -2 -1 -2 -1 1 2 K
... • There are two kinds of scores: raw scores (calculated from a substitution matrix) and bit scores (normalized scores) • Bit scores are comparable between different searches because they are normalized to account for the use of different scoring matrices and different database sizes ...
... • There are two kinds of scores: raw scores (calculated from a substitution matrix) and bit scores (normalized scores) • Bit scores are comparable between different searches because they are normalized to account for the use of different scoring matrices and different database sizes ...
development, the Linker histone H1 is essential for Drosophila
... a genetically tractable organism where H1 may prove to play an essential role. As mentioned, deletion of the yeast HHO1 gene does not lead to obvious phenotypic effects. Although linker histones are essential for embryonic development in mice, the existence of multiple, nonallelic mouse H1 variant g ...
... a genetically tractable organism where H1 may prove to play an essential role. As mentioned, deletion of the yeast HHO1 gene does not lead to obvious phenotypic effects. Although linker histones are essential for embryonic development in mice, the existence of multiple, nonallelic mouse H1 variant g ...
Gene Nomenclature System for Rice
... Genes with approved names and symbols will all be associated with a gene function or phenotype and, where possible, at the time of registration, researchers will be asked to identify a systematic locus identifier for the new gene from the RAP annotation database. Links to systematic_locus_IDs in oth ...
... Genes with approved names and symbols will all be associated with a gene function or phenotype and, where possible, at the time of registration, researchers will be asked to identify a systematic locus identifier for the new gene from the RAP annotation database. Links to systematic_locus_IDs in oth ...
Non-Targeted and Targeted Protein Movement
... Rather than compare sink with source leaves, which have limited symplastic trafficking, we chose to compare two types of leaves with different degrees of active symplastic connectivity; hence we used transition leaves. As large numbers of cells (50–200) were transfected and assessed for movement for ...
... Rather than compare sink with source leaves, which have limited symplastic trafficking, we chose to compare two types of leaves with different degrees of active symplastic connectivity; hence we used transition leaves. As large numbers of cells (50–200) were transfected and assessed for movement for ...
A G to C mutation in the CRYGD gamma crystallin gene associated
... also found the same substitution of guanine by cytosine but at position 110 (110G>C) also leading to a substitution of arginine by proline (pR36P). It is reported that about half of patients with congenital cataract have mutations occurring in crystallins, about a quarter have mutations in connexins ...
... also found the same substitution of guanine by cytosine but at position 110 (110G>C) also leading to a substitution of arginine by proline (pR36P). It is reported that about half of patients with congenital cataract have mutations occurring in crystallins, about a quarter have mutations in connexins ...
Rapsynoid/Partner of Inscuteable Controls Asymmetric Division of
... GMC and is responsible for GMC fate (Doe et al., 1991; Vaessin et al., 1991; Matsuzaki et al., 1992). On the other hand, there are some molecules that are concentrated as crescents on the apical side of neuroblasts, including Inscuteable (Kraut et al., 1996) and Bazooka (Kuchinke et al., 1998; Schob ...
... GMC and is responsible for GMC fate (Doe et al., 1991; Vaessin et al., 1991; Matsuzaki et al., 1992). On the other hand, there are some molecules that are concentrated as crescents on the apical side of neuroblasts, including Inscuteable (Kraut et al., 1996) and Bazooka (Kuchinke et al., 1998; Schob ...
The Activity of a Developmentally Regulated Cysteine Proteinase Is
... Giardia is an intestinal parasite that belongs to the earliest diverging branch of the eukaryotic lineage of descent. Giardia undergoes adaptation for survival outside the host’s intestine by differentiating into infective cysts. Encystation involves the synthesis and transport of cyst wall constitu ...
... Giardia is an intestinal parasite that belongs to the earliest diverging branch of the eukaryotic lineage of descent. Giardia undergoes adaptation for survival outside the host’s intestine by differentiating into infective cysts. Encystation involves the synthesis and transport of cyst wall constitu ...
Boundary elements and nuclear organization
... from position effects in cell culture and from PEV in Drosophila (Chung et al., 1993; Walters et al., 1999) and blocks enhancer-driven activation of a promoter (Chung et al., 1997). The 5′ HS4 boundary is known to bind CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor), an evolutionarily conserved protein implicated in th ...
... from position effects in cell culture and from PEV in Drosophila (Chung et al., 1993; Walters et al., 1999) and blocks enhancer-driven activation of a promoter (Chung et al., 1997). The 5′ HS4 boundary is known to bind CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor), an evolutionarily conserved protein implicated in th ...
fulltext
... Tardigrades are known for being resistant to extreme conditions, including tolerance to ionising and UV radiation in both the hydrated and the dehydrated state. It is known that these factors may cause damage to DNA. It has recently been shown that single and double DNA strand breaks occur when tard ...
... Tardigrades are known for being resistant to extreme conditions, including tolerance to ionising and UV radiation in both the hydrated and the dehydrated state. It is known that these factors may cause damage to DNA. It has recently been shown that single and double DNA strand breaks occur when tard ...
Functional cross‐kingdom conservation of mammalian and moss
... isogenic, all-mammalian expression vectors were designed harbouring the human placental secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP), an easy-to-assay reporter gene, a polyadenylation site derived from simian virus 40 and various mammalian promoters (PhCMV, PSV40, PGTX, PhEF1α), including the smallest synth ...
... isogenic, all-mammalian expression vectors were designed harbouring the human placental secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP), an easy-to-assay reporter gene, a polyadenylation site derived from simian virus 40 and various mammalian promoters (PhCMV, PSV40, PGTX, PhEF1α), including the smallest synth ...
Vicianin Hydrolase is a Novel Cyanogenic b
... biosynthesized from several kinds of L-amino acids. The amino acids are N-hydroxylated, converted to aldoximes, and then into nitriles. The nitriles are further hydroxylated to a-hydroxynitriles, and then glucosylated to form cyanogenic glucosides (Vetter 2000). The generation of HCN from cyanogenic ...
... biosynthesized from several kinds of L-amino acids. The amino acids are N-hydroxylated, converted to aldoximes, and then into nitriles. The nitriles are further hydroxylated to a-hydroxynitriles, and then glucosylated to form cyanogenic glucosides (Vetter 2000). The generation of HCN from cyanogenic ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.