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... Rivett, 1989a). One is a 1500 kDa (26S) particle, capable of degrading ubiquitinated proteins in vitro in an ATP-dependent fashion (Fagan eta!, 1987; Hough et a!, 1987). The other is smaller (-600 kDa) and has been given many names, the most common being multicatalytic proteinase complex, MCPC (revi ...
... Rivett, 1989a). One is a 1500 kDa (26S) particle, capable of degrading ubiquitinated proteins in vitro in an ATP-dependent fashion (Fagan eta!, 1987; Hough et a!, 1987). The other is smaller (-600 kDa) and has been given many names, the most common being multicatalytic proteinase complex, MCPC (revi ...
SpliceCenter_DataBuild
... associate each transcript with a gene and to identify the chromosomal location of the gene. GeneBuild Step 4 – Align Transcripts to the Genome The exon structure and splicing variation of genes is identified by using BLAT to align transcripts to chromosomal sequence. GeneBuild queries the build tabl ...
... associate each transcript with a gene and to identify the chromosomal location of the gene. GeneBuild Step 4 – Align Transcripts to the Genome The exon structure and splicing variation of genes is identified by using BLAT to align transcripts to chromosomal sequence. GeneBuild queries the build tabl ...
Specialized adaptation of a lactic acid bacterium to the milk
... 6.9% of the LMD-9 ORFeome) are not found in both LMG 18311 and CNRZ1066 (Additional file 3). These ORFs are located in 27 chromosomal loci, six of which spanned more than 8 kb in length (Figure 2). Interestingly, the distribution of these 27 loci appears to concentrate at regions distal from the ori ...
... 6.9% of the LMD-9 ORFeome) are not found in both LMG 18311 and CNRZ1066 (Additional file 3). These ORFs are located in 27 chromosomal loci, six of which spanned more than 8 kb in length (Figure 2). Interestingly, the distribution of these 27 loci appears to concentrate at regions distal from the ori ...
Chapter 4: Individual gene function
... important caveat to using gene products (RNAs or proteins) as evidence that an allele is a null is that a gene could have activity at a low level of product that cannot be easily detected. It is possible that even when we cannot detect a gene product, there may be enough gene product present in the ...
... important caveat to using gene products (RNAs or proteins) as evidence that an allele is a null is that a gene could have activity at a low level of product that cannot be easily detected. It is possible that even when we cannot detect a gene product, there may be enough gene product present in the ...
1 Function of the Arabidopsis kinesin-4, FRA1, requires
... Our data show that abundant and processive motility are important for FRA1’s function in vivo, consistent with a proposed vesicular trafficking function of FRA1. While several studies have analyzed kinesin processivity mutants in vitro, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to measur ...
... Our data show that abundant and processive motility are important for FRA1’s function in vivo, consistent with a proposed vesicular trafficking function of FRA1. While several studies have analyzed kinesin processivity mutants in vitro, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to measur ...
Role of lipids in the translocation of proteins across membranes
... mutant. The ratio between these lipids is dependent on the type of cation present during growth. Apparently, restoration of growth requires a specific lipid composition in combination with a specific cation. Analysis of the phase behaviour of these lipids in the presence of the corresponding cation ...
... mutant. The ratio between these lipids is dependent on the type of cation present during growth. Apparently, restoration of growth requires a specific lipid composition in combination with a specific cation. Analysis of the phase behaviour of these lipids in the presence of the corresponding cation ...
Document
... Biological Setup Every cell in the human body contains the entire human genome: 3.3 Gb or ~30K genes. The investigation of gene expression is meaningful because different cells, in different environments, doing different jobs express different genes. Tasks necessary for gene expression analysis: Def ...
... Biological Setup Every cell in the human body contains the entire human genome: 3.3 Gb or ~30K genes. The investigation of gene expression is meaningful because different cells, in different environments, doing different jobs express different genes. Tasks necessary for gene expression analysis: Def ...
A preanaphase role for a Cks/Suc1 in acentrosomal spindle
... various stages of development and analysed by reverse transcription–PCR (RT–PCR) using primers that correspond to each of the cks genes. cks30A gave strong signals in adult females and embryos, whereas it gave only weak signals in adult males, larvae and pupae (Fig 4B). This maternal expression patt ...
... various stages of development and analysed by reverse transcription–PCR (RT–PCR) using primers that correspond to each of the cks genes. cks30A gave strong signals in adult females and embryos, whereas it gave only weak signals in adult males, larvae and pupae (Fig 4B). This maternal expression patt ...
Chapter 1
... chemically isolate and regulate the cell interior. ► Cytoskeleton provides rigid support and stability to lipid bilayer. Is also responsible for deformability properties of the RBC membrane, leading to shape change. ...
... chemically isolate and regulate the cell interior. ► Cytoskeleton provides rigid support and stability to lipid bilayer. Is also responsible for deformability properties of the RBC membrane, leading to shape change. ...
The travels of mRNAs through all cells large and small
... for this protein in specifying lineage in somatic cells (7). Staufen interacts with the 39 UTR of prospero mRNA and is necessary for its transport during mitosis. Staufen-dependent localization of prospero mRNA requires intact actin filaments, in contrast to the requirement for microtubules in the l ...
... for this protein in specifying lineage in somatic cells (7). Staufen interacts with the 39 UTR of prospero mRNA and is necessary for its transport during mitosis. Staufen-dependent localization of prospero mRNA requires intact actin filaments, in contrast to the requirement for microtubules in the l ...
Connection of the Mitochondrial Outer and Inner Membranes by
... maintenance of the branched mitochondrial network located below the cell cortex (Hermann et al., 1998; Rapaport et al., 1998). Mutants in the FZO1 gene harbor fragmented mitochondria and are respiratory deficient. Fzo1 is a component of a larger protein complex of ⵑ800 kD located in the mitochondria ...
... maintenance of the branched mitochondrial network located below the cell cortex (Hermann et al., 1998; Rapaport et al., 1998). Mutants in the FZO1 gene harbor fragmented mitochondria and are respiratory deficient. Fzo1 is a component of a larger protein complex of ⵑ800 kD located in the mitochondria ...
RNAi (PDF) (1.14 MB)
... RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as one of the most promising tools for biological research. It is thought that RNAi may have evolved originally as a defense mechanism against foreign parasitic nucleic acid sequences and functions by specifically knocking down the activity of target genes. RNAi ha ...
... RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as one of the most promising tools for biological research. It is thought that RNAi may have evolved originally as a defense mechanism against foreign parasitic nucleic acid sequences and functions by specifically knocking down the activity of target genes. RNAi ha ...
Prediction of protease substrates using sequence
... substrates to induce apoptosis in virally infected and neoplastic cells. While substrates for both types of proteases have been determined experimentally, there are many more yet to be discovered in humans and other metazoans. Here, we present a bioinformatics method based on support vector machine ...
... substrates to induce apoptosis in virally infected and neoplastic cells. While substrates for both types of proteases have been determined experimentally, there are many more yet to be discovered in humans and other metazoans. Here, we present a bioinformatics method based on support vector machine ...
Gene Section HRK (harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein (contains only BH3 domain))
... 80% of the nucleotides are conserved. The transcriptional start site of the rat HRK gene determined by 5' RACE is indicated as +1, together with the direction of transcription (Towers et al., 2009). The HRK promoter has a similar structure in the four species except that there is a 10 bp deletion be ...
... 80% of the nucleotides are conserved. The transcriptional start site of the rat HRK gene determined by 5' RACE is indicated as +1, together with the direction of transcription (Towers et al., 2009). The HRK promoter has a similar structure in the four species except that there is a 10 bp deletion be ...
E.coli Tic Tacs
... 2. Experiment with different concentration of L-Arabinose to examine the promoter activity. 3. If time permits, we will look for a promoter that allows this arrangement: Regular Promoter ...
... 2. Experiment with different concentration of L-Arabinose to examine the promoter activity. 3. If time permits, we will look for a promoter that allows this arrangement: Regular Promoter ...
The MKK7 gene encodes a group of c-Jun NH2
... Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are components of pathways that relay signals to particular cell compartments in response to a diverse array of extracellular stimuli (38, 42, 63, 83). Activated MAPK can translocate to the nucleus and phosphorylate substrates, including transcription factor ...
... Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are components of pathways that relay signals to particular cell compartments in response to a diverse array of extracellular stimuli (38, 42, 63, 83). Activated MAPK can translocate to the nucleus and phosphorylate substrates, including transcription factor ...
The Iron-Sulfur Cluster Proteins Isa1 and Isa2 Are Required for the
... source (data not shown). The bio2 allele from dtb2 cells contained a point mutation that substituted Gln189 for a stop codon, truncating the Bio2 protein to about half of its original size. We therefore conclude that the dtb2 cells carry a null mutation in BIO2 (designated bio2-1) and this causes th ...
... source (data not shown). The bio2 allele from dtb2 cells contained a point mutation that substituted Gln189 for a stop codon, truncating the Bio2 protein to about half of its original size. We therefore conclude that the dtb2 cells carry a null mutation in BIO2 (designated bio2-1) and this causes th ...
Promiscuity of the Euonymus Carbohydrate-Binding Domain
... unrelated N-terminal domain (type S3). In contrast, monocot and lower plant species have a whole set of EUL sequences encoding single as well as two-domain EUL proteins. For instance, in rice four different genes encoding EUL proteins are present. Moreover, lower plants also have different types of ...
... unrelated N-terminal domain (type S3). In contrast, monocot and lower plant species have a whole set of EUL sequences encoding single as well as two-domain EUL proteins. For instance, in rice four different genes encoding EUL proteins are present. Moreover, lower plants also have different types of ...
Characterization of the Cytosolic Proteins Involved in the Amoeboid
... Two of the proteins had reciprocal effects on fiber growth: p38 increased fiber growth rate and p16 decreased fiber growth rate. The effects of both p38 and p16 were concentration-dependent and antagonistic. Since the rate-enhancement by p38 was not potentiated by MSP, another cytosolic protein is i ...
... Two of the proteins had reciprocal effects on fiber growth: p38 increased fiber growth rate and p16 decreased fiber growth rate. The effects of both p38 and p16 were concentration-dependent and antagonistic. Since the rate-enhancement by p38 was not potentiated by MSP, another cytosolic protein is i ...
Document
... been revised from 5154 to 2222… – FANTOM/RIKEN Consortium Science, March 2006 Brendan Frey ...
... been revised from 5154 to 2222… – FANTOM/RIKEN Consortium Science, March 2006 Brendan Frey ...
The Tomato Calcium Sensor Cbl10 and Its Interacting - IBVF
... localized programmed cell death (PCD) upon recognition of Pseudomonas syringae effectors AvrPto or AvrPtoB. In a virusinduced gene silencing screen in Nicotiana benthamiana, we independently identified two components of a Ca2+-signaling system, Cbl10 (for calcineurin B-like protein) and Cipk6 (for ca ...
... localized programmed cell death (PCD) upon recognition of Pseudomonas syringae effectors AvrPto or AvrPtoB. In a virusinduced gene silencing screen in Nicotiana benthamiana, we independently identified two components of a Ca2+-signaling system, Cbl10 (for calcineurin B-like protein) and Cipk6 (for ca ...
Structural and Functional Comparisons of Retroviral Envelope
... increased fusion activity and that a leucine at position 627 plays an important role in fusion inhibition [19]. Other studies have identified other sites in the cytoplasmic tail five or 10 amino acids upstream from the R peptide that can suppress the fusion inhibition exerted by the R peptide, where ...
... increased fusion activity and that a leucine at position 627 plays an important role in fusion inhibition [19]. Other studies have identified other sites in the cytoplasmic tail five or 10 amino acids upstream from the R peptide that can suppress the fusion inhibition exerted by the R peptide, where ...
The Role of Vacuole and Vacuolar H+
... syntheses [9-11]. The P-ATPase functions in pumping protons out of the cells, which contributes not only to intracellular pH regulation but also to ...
... syntheses [9-11]. The P-ATPase functions in pumping protons out of the cells, which contributes not only to intracellular pH regulation but also to ...
The role of Arabidopsis CRK5 protein kinase in the regulation of root
... response, showed characteristic change in its accumulation and polar localization in the crk5-1 mutant. In apical (shootward-oriented) membranes of root epidermal cells the level of PIN2 was remarkably lower compared to wild type. Whereas PIN2 was localized in the basal membrane (i.e., facing the ro ...
... response, showed characteristic change in its accumulation and polar localization in the crk5-1 mutant. In apical (shootward-oriented) membranes of root epidermal cells the level of PIN2 was remarkably lower compared to wild type. Whereas PIN2 was localized in the basal membrane (i.e., facing the ro ...
J24077086
... working on the flavouring components of kelp.The specific taste of the kelp preparations, kombu and katsuobushi, is traditionally very popular with the Japanese1-12.Although we are studying only about 20 amino acids, there are about six more found in the body”. Many others are also known from a vari ...
... working on the flavouring components of kelp.The specific taste of the kelp preparations, kombu and katsuobushi, is traditionally very popular with the Japanese1-12.Although we are studying only about 20 amino acids, there are about six more found in the body”. Many others are also known from a vari ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.