csirnetugcdec
... Or in other words we can say that 6 X 1023 molecules are there in 1 mole one single DNA molecule, irrespective of the size will have = 1/6 X 10-23 moles This is simple unitary method. ...
... Or in other words we can say that 6 X 1023 molecules are there in 1 mole one single DNA molecule, irrespective of the size will have = 1/6 X 10-23 moles This is simple unitary method. ...
Solved paper CSIR NET Life Science December
... Or in other words we can say that 6 X 10 23 molecules are there in 1 mole one single DNA molecule, irrespective of the size will have = 1/6 X 10-23 moles This is simple unitary method. ...
... Or in other words we can say that 6 X 10 23 molecules are there in 1 mole one single DNA molecule, irrespective of the size will have = 1/6 X 10-23 moles This is simple unitary method. ...
Congenital hereditary cataracts
... ABSTRACT Congenital cataracts are rare and occur in developed countries with a frequency of 30 cases among 100,000 births with a further 10 cases being diagnosed during childhood. They reflect mainly genetically caused developmental alterations in the lens and surrounding ocular tissues. Even if mod ...
... ABSTRACT Congenital cataracts are rare and occur in developed countries with a frequency of 30 cases among 100,000 births with a further 10 cases being diagnosed during childhood. They reflect mainly genetically caused developmental alterations in the lens and surrounding ocular tissues. Even if mod ...
MILK - Soegijapranata Catholic University
... Pasteurization is done at 63oC for 30 min or 7275oC for 15-20 s (high temperature short time HTST). Pasteurization is used mostly to kill Gramnegative psychrotrophs bacteria, but only has little effect on extracellular degradative enzymes. While UHT is done at 135 - 140oC for a few seconds. It can k ...
... Pasteurization is done at 63oC for 30 min or 7275oC for 15-20 s (high temperature short time HTST). Pasteurization is used mostly to kill Gramnegative psychrotrophs bacteria, but only has little effect on extracellular degradative enzymes. While UHT is done at 135 - 140oC for a few seconds. It can k ...
INTRODUCTION - Mount Holyoke College
... how functions in muscle development in Drosophila. Animals lacking how function are defective in myotube migration and attachment during embryogenesis {Baehrecke, 1997 #140}. Animals carrying partial-loss-of-how-function die during metamorphosis with their head stuck in their thorax or escape to adu ...
... how functions in muscle development in Drosophila. Animals lacking how function are defective in myotube migration and attachment during embryogenesis {Baehrecke, 1997 #140}. Animals carrying partial-loss-of-how-function die during metamorphosis with their head stuck in their thorax or escape to adu ...
High Coverage Process Specific HCP Identification and
... • “Immunoassay and (increasingly) mass spectrometry are highly complementary and the most powerful methods for monitoring residual HCP levels in samples and confirming their absence in final DSs.” - USP 1132 ...
... • “Immunoassay and (increasingly) mass spectrometry are highly complementary and the most powerful methods for monitoring residual HCP levels in samples and confirming their absence in final DSs.” - USP 1132 ...
Databases_what_and_w..
... Phenotypes Intra and Inter-species relationships • Phenotypes come from the proteins. Niche exploitation Ecosystems • Proteins come from the DNA via RNA. • Changes in DNA cause changes in proteins. • Changes in proteins cause changes in phenotypes. ...
... Phenotypes Intra and Inter-species relationships • Phenotypes come from the proteins. Niche exploitation Ecosystems • Proteins come from the DNA via RNA. • Changes in DNA cause changes in proteins. • Changes in proteins cause changes in phenotypes. ...
Proteolytic and other metabolic pathways in lysosomes
... are somewhat mysterious, but their existence is another indication of the sophistication of the lysosomal proteolytic system. Intact proteins can be subject to the action of two other types of lysosomal enzyme, in addition to the endopeptidases. These are the phosphoprotein phosphatases, which remov ...
... are somewhat mysterious, but their existence is another indication of the sophistication of the lysosomal proteolytic system. Intact proteins can be subject to the action of two other types of lysosomal enzyme, in addition to the endopeptidases. These are the phosphoprotein phosphatases, which remov ...
Cancer Prone Disease Section Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) in Oncology and Haematology
... would be involved in 27%; additional linkage to chromosome 19p has been found, suggesting the existence of an EXT3 -gene, although loss of heterozygosity studies could not confirm this. Two patients with multiple osteochondromas demonstrated a germline mutation in EXT1 combined with loss of the rema ...
... would be involved in 27%; additional linkage to chromosome 19p has been found, suggesting the existence of an EXT3 -gene, although loss of heterozygosity studies could not confirm this. Two patients with multiple osteochondromas demonstrated a germline mutation in EXT1 combined with loss of the rema ...
Protein Creation Pathway
... the cell. In this sense, you can compare the rough ER to a subway, and the passengers are the ribosomes. Since the ribosomes exit the nucleus and flow into the rough ER, the rough ER is attached to the outside of the nucleus. ...
... the cell. In this sense, you can compare the rough ER to a subway, and the passengers are the ribosomes. Since the ribosomes exit the nucleus and flow into the rough ER, the rough ER is attached to the outside of the nucleus. ...
Protein Creation Pathway
... the cell. In this sense, you can compare the rough ER to a subway, and the passengers are the ribosomes. Since the ribosomes exit the nucleus and flow into the rough ER, the rough ER is attached to the outside of the nucleus. ...
... the cell. In this sense, you can compare the rough ER to a subway, and the passengers are the ribosomes. Since the ribosomes exit the nucleus and flow into the rough ER, the rough ER is attached to the outside of the nucleus. ...
The application of Tet repressor in prokaryotic gene regulation and
... these requirements. Tetracycline can slowly diffuse across natural and artificial membranes and hence can passively penetrate most cells (reviewed in Berens and Hillen, 2003). Furthermore, as tc is being widely used as a drug since the mid-1950s, its pharmacokinetics and slow metabolization rate in ...
... these requirements. Tetracycline can slowly diffuse across natural and artificial membranes and hence can passively penetrate most cells (reviewed in Berens and Hillen, 2003). Furthermore, as tc is being widely used as a drug since the mid-1950s, its pharmacokinetics and slow metabolization rate in ...
Ubiquitin ligases and beyond EDITORIAL Open Access Ivan Dikic
... ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, to which the ubiquitin is transferred from the E1; and E3 is the ubiquitin ligase, which binds the target protein and directly or indirectly catalyzes its ligation to the ubiquitin. The E3 therefore determines the substrate specificity of ubiquitination, and the diversi ...
... ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, to which the ubiquitin is transferred from the E1; and E3 is the ubiquitin ligase, which binds the target protein and directly or indirectly catalyzes its ligation to the ubiquitin. The E3 therefore determines the substrate specificity of ubiquitination, and the diversi ...
Integrin cytoplasmic domain-binding proteins
... signaling and structural proteins. A complete understanding of the molecular basis of integrin regulation will require identification of these integrin-binding proteins and characterization of their activities. At least 21 proteins are known to bind to one or more integrin β tails (Table 1). This di ...
... signaling and structural proteins. A complete understanding of the molecular basis of integrin regulation will require identification of these integrin-binding proteins and characterization of their activities. At least 21 proteins are known to bind to one or more integrin β tails (Table 1). This di ...
Traffic between the plant endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
... essential residues (i.e. Y717 or K719; [22]) can affect the integrity of the plant TGN or its subdomains, as has been demonstrated in mammalian cells [34,35]. Recent studies have shown that the Golgi apparatus plays a role in transporting some proteins to the chloroplast [36,37], although import rou ...
... essential residues (i.e. Y717 or K719; [22]) can affect the integrity of the plant TGN or its subdomains, as has been demonstrated in mammalian cells [34,35]. Recent studies have shown that the Golgi apparatus plays a role in transporting some proteins to the chloroplast [36,37], although import rou ...
and GvpD-mediated transcription regulation of the p
... The transcription of the 14 p-gvp genes involved in gas vesicle formation of Halobacterium salinarum PHH1 is driven by the four promoters pA, pD, pF and pO. The regulation of these promoters was investigated in Haloferax volcanii transformants with respect to the endogenous regulatory proteins GvpE ...
... The transcription of the 14 p-gvp genes involved in gas vesicle formation of Halobacterium salinarum PHH1 is driven by the four promoters pA, pD, pF and pO. The regulation of these promoters was investigated in Haloferax volcanii transformants with respect to the endogenous regulatory proteins GvpE ...
SPT3 interacts with TFIID to allow normal transcription in
... spt3 sup alleles were used: one strong allele, spt3-401, and three weak alleles, spt3-417, spt3-426, and spt3-445. For each case examined, the spt3 ~up m u t a t i o n s suppressed the transcriptional defects caused by sptl5-21 (Fig. 2). For his4-9176, previous work demonstrated that sptl 521 suppre ...
... spt3 sup alleles were used: one strong allele, spt3-401, and three weak alleles, spt3-417, spt3-426, and spt3-445. For each case examined, the spt3 ~up m u t a t i o n s suppressed the transcriptional defects caused by sptl5-21 (Fig. 2). For his4-9176, previous work demonstrated that sptl 521 suppre ...
Genes - Gerstein Lab Publications
... occurrence of pseudogenes is observed for the various pseudogene subpopulations. In particular, for the GE subset, 50% of the pseudogenes are in the first and last 3Mb of genomic DNA (depicted in Figure 2). The analogous number for (GE)P is 53%, and one also gets similar results for the highly expre ...
... occurrence of pseudogenes is observed for the various pseudogene subpopulations. In particular, for the GE subset, 50% of the pseudogenes are in the first and last 3Mb of genomic DNA (depicted in Figure 2). The analogous number for (GE)P is 53%, and one also gets similar results for the highly expre ...
PDF
... for docking the mother centriole to the ciliary vesicle and cell membrane. Finally, we identified a 19 bp deletion in talpid2 C2CD3 that produces a premature stop codon, and thus a truncated protein, as the likely causal allele for the phenotype. Together, these data provide insight into the cellula ...
... for docking the mother centriole to the ciliary vesicle and cell membrane. Finally, we identified a 19 bp deletion in talpid2 C2CD3 that produces a premature stop codon, and thus a truncated protein, as the likely causal allele for the phenotype. Together, these data provide insight into the cellula ...
the cortical rotation, the wnt pathway
... wasteful but effective strategy. 1) Wnts were discovered by Varmus and Nusse as oncogenes activated by MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus) integration sites and encode secreted signaling factors. There are about 20 Wnts in mammals. Wnts induce twinning in embryos. 2) Frizzled and Frzbs. Family of seven ...
... wasteful but effective strategy. 1) Wnts were discovered by Varmus and Nusse as oncogenes activated by MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus) integration sites and encode secreted signaling factors. There are about 20 Wnts in mammals. Wnts induce twinning in embryos. 2) Frizzled and Frzbs. Family of seven ...
Alternative spliced transcripts as cancer markers
... ligands and/or other new biological functions of CD44 that remain to be discovered [15,18,20]. CD44 proteins can bind growth factors and present them to their authentic high-affinity receptors, and thus promote proliferation and invasiveness of cells. This mode of action could account for the tumor- ...
... ligands and/or other new biological functions of CD44 that remain to be discovered [15,18,20]. CD44 proteins can bind growth factors and present them to their authentic high-affinity receptors, and thus promote proliferation and invasiveness of cells. This mode of action could account for the tumor- ...
Antibiotic use and abuse: A threat to mitochondria and chloroplasts
... Recently, several studies have demonstrated that tetracyclines, the antibiotics most intensively used in livestock and that are also widely applied in biomedical research, interrupt mitochondrial proteostasis and physiology in animals ranging from round worms, fruit flies, and mice to human cell lin ...
... Recently, several studies have demonstrated that tetracyclines, the antibiotics most intensively used in livestock and that are also widely applied in biomedical research, interrupt mitochondrial proteostasis and physiology in animals ranging from round worms, fruit flies, and mice to human cell lin ...
as PDF
... global scale, although recently the popularity and applicability of stable isotope LC-MS based methods has exceeded those presented by gel based methods. 2D-SDS-PAGE based methods enable the separation of complex protein mixtures on a single gel. Proteins are separated in two dimensions: in the firs ...
... global scale, although recently the popularity and applicability of stable isotope LC-MS based methods has exceeded those presented by gel based methods. 2D-SDS-PAGE based methods enable the separation of complex protein mixtures on a single gel. Proteins are separated in two dimensions: in the firs ...
starry night regulates tissue polarity - Development
... wing. Rather, they show a stereotypic abnormal polarity pattern (Fig. 1B,G,H). As noted previously, the polarity patterns that result from mutations in many tissue polarity genes are quite similar, albeit not identical. We call this pattern the fz/inturned (in) pattern after two of the best-studied ...
... wing. Rather, they show a stereotypic abnormal polarity pattern (Fig. 1B,G,H). As noted previously, the polarity patterns that result from mutations in many tissue polarity genes are quite similar, albeit not identical. We call this pattern the fz/inturned (in) pattern after two of the best-studied ...
2.2.3 Enzymes
... In olden days freshly slaughtered meat was hung for several days or weeks to allow the meat to tenderise. Proteolytic enzymes released from lysosomes gradually broke down the muscle structure. Today, immobilised enzymes are used to shorten the hanging time. Many fungi, bacteria, and plants e.g. pine ...
... In olden days freshly slaughtered meat was hung for several days or weeks to allow the meat to tenderise. Proteolytic enzymes released from lysosomes gradually broke down the muscle structure. Today, immobilised enzymes are used to shorten the hanging time. Many fungi, bacteria, and plants e.g. pine ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.