Role of Protein Carbonylation in Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss
... dysfunction and impaired muscle mass may predict morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic diseases, regardless of the underlying condition. High levels of oxidants may alter function and structure of key cellular molecules such as proteins, DNA, and lipids, leading to cellular injury and dea ...
... dysfunction and impaired muscle mass may predict morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic diseases, regardless of the underlying condition. High levels of oxidants may alter function and structure of key cellular molecules such as proteins, DNA, and lipids, leading to cellular injury and dea ...
Production and Characterization of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Using
... the glucagon hormone which exerts a countereffect on glycemia was quite normal [40]. Islets obtained from patients with T2DM were at lower quantity compared to those from patients who were free from T2DM. Also, there was islet amyloid, albeit at very low amount, in samples taken from diabetics where ...
... the glucagon hormone which exerts a countereffect on glycemia was quite normal [40]. Islets obtained from patients with T2DM were at lower quantity compared to those from patients who were free from T2DM. Also, there was islet amyloid, albeit at very low amount, in samples taken from diabetics where ...
The Drosophila Planar Polarity Proteins Inturned and
... show that the two Mwh accumulation patterns are under different genetic control with the early proximal accumulation being regulated by the fz pathway and the latter hair accumulation being largely independent of the pathway. We also establish recruitment by proximally localized Inturned to be a put ...
... show that the two Mwh accumulation patterns are under different genetic control with the early proximal accumulation being regulated by the fz pathway and the latter hair accumulation being largely independent of the pathway. We also establish recruitment by proximally localized Inturned to be a put ...
Comparison of transcriptional changes to chloroplast and
... that assess transcript profiles in response to chemical inhibition as well as genetic mutations of organellar proteins. The results show a highly significant overlap between gene expression changes triggered by chloroplast and mitochondrial perturbations. These overlapping gene expression changes ap ...
... that assess transcript profiles in response to chemical inhibition as well as genetic mutations of organellar proteins. The results show a highly significant overlap between gene expression changes triggered by chloroplast and mitochondrial perturbations. These overlapping gene expression changes ap ...
Insulin action on skeletal muscle protein metabolism during
... inhibitors in the incubation medium. Moreover, studies on the expression of factors and cofactors involved in the proteolytic pathways correlated with results obtained in goats. The ATP-ubiquitin-proteasome dependent is, no doubt, a target for insulin in vivo. This does not preclude that insulin may ...
... inhibitors in the incubation medium. Moreover, studies on the expression of factors and cofactors involved in the proteolytic pathways correlated with results obtained in goats. The ATP-ubiquitin-proteasome dependent is, no doubt, a target for insulin in vivo. This does not preclude that insulin may ...
Site-directed mutagenesis of streptococcal plasmin receptor protein
... construction of plasmid pSWO25 and its derivatives are depicted in Fig. 4. Briefly, the 2.7 kb insert of pRLO15 (Lottenberg et af., 1992a) harbouring the pfr gene was excised by EcoRI digestion and filled-in with Klenow fragment and dNTPs. This insert was subcloned into a 2-2 kb fragment of the vect ...
... construction of plasmid pSWO25 and its derivatives are depicted in Fig. 4. Briefly, the 2.7 kb insert of pRLO15 (Lottenberg et af., 1992a) harbouring the pfr gene was excised by EcoRI digestion and filled-in with Klenow fragment and dNTPs. This insert was subcloned into a 2-2 kb fragment of the vect ...
AnsteadSeniorHonorsThesis
... Saccharomyces cerevisiae, many studies have been performed on single-cell tissue cultures, expanding our picture of what Mcm10 does. Through culture studies, Mcm10 was found in the same genetic screen as the minichromosome maintenance family, which includes Mcm2Mcm7, which are all highly conserved t ...
... Saccharomyces cerevisiae, many studies have been performed on single-cell tissue cultures, expanding our picture of what Mcm10 does. Through culture studies, Mcm10 was found in the same genetic screen as the minichromosome maintenance family, which includes Mcm2Mcm7, which are all highly conserved t ...
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... homology with the product of D. melanogaster dve (defective proventriculus, Nakagoshi et al., 1998) and mammalian SatB2 (Dobreva et al., 2003) and will be referred to henceforth as dve-1. Knockout of dve-1 is lethal (see below), but partial inactivation by dve-1(RNAi) inhibited hsp-60pr::gfp express ...
... homology with the product of D. melanogaster dve (defective proventriculus, Nakagoshi et al., 1998) and mammalian SatB2 (Dobreva et al., 2003) and will be referred to henceforth as dve-1. Knockout of dve-1 is lethal (see below), but partial inactivation by dve-1(RNAi) inhibited hsp-60pr::gfp express ...
Specific Interaction of the PDZ Domain Protein PICK1 with the
... PDZ-binding domain (QSAV) at the extreme COOH terminus of PKCa and that mutation of a putative carboxylate-binding loop within the PICK1 PDZ domain abolishes this interaction. The PDZ-binding domain in PKCa is absent from other PKC isoforms that do not interact with PICK1. We also demonstrate that P ...
... PDZ-binding domain (QSAV) at the extreme COOH terminus of PKCa and that mutation of a putative carboxylate-binding loop within the PICK1 PDZ domain abolishes this interaction. The PDZ-binding domain in PKCa is absent from other PKC isoforms that do not interact with PICK1. We also demonstrate that P ...
The African Swine Fever Virus Proteins p54 and p30 Are
... specifically to these cells, and their binding was equally inhibited by neutralizing antibodies. Binding of 35S-labeled recombinant p54 and p30 proteins to macrophages was specifically competed by an excess of unlabeled p54 and p30, respectively. However, cross-binding inhibition was not observed, s ...
... specifically to these cells, and their binding was equally inhibited by neutralizing antibodies. Binding of 35S-labeled recombinant p54 and p30 proteins to macrophages was specifically competed by an excess of unlabeled p54 and p30, respectively. However, cross-binding inhibition was not observed, s ...
Purification, Identification and Characterisation of - DORAS
... peptides after proline residues. This group includes dipeptidyl peptidase IV, seprase/fibroblast activation protein α, DPP7, DPP8, DPP9, prolyl carboxypeptidase while more distant members include prolyl oligopeptidase (Rosenblum & Kozarich, 2003). Seprase or fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is an ...
... peptides after proline residues. This group includes dipeptidyl peptidase IV, seprase/fibroblast activation protein α, DPP7, DPP8, DPP9, prolyl carboxypeptidase while more distant members include prolyl oligopeptidase (Rosenblum & Kozarich, 2003). Seprase or fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is an ...
The mechanism of redox sensing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
... of Mtb also protects against ROS. Mtb maintains its intracellular redox potential using mycothiol as an intracellular redox buffer [8]. Mycothiol is a conjugate of N-acetylcysteine with a pseudo-disaccharide of glucosamine and myoinositol [9]. Using these protective mechanisms in a regulated manner, ...
... of Mtb also protects against ROS. Mtb maintains its intracellular redox potential using mycothiol as an intracellular redox buffer [8]. Mycothiol is a conjugate of N-acetylcysteine with a pseudo-disaccharide of glucosamine and myoinositol [9]. Using these protective mechanisms in a regulated manner, ...
Chapter 4 Calsequestrin - Department of Molecular Physiology and
... able to draw Ca 2+ away from the sarcoplasmic Ca 2+ -binding proteins which have Kd values for Ca2+ binding of about 1-5 µM (Greaser et al., 1972b; Kretsinger. 1976). The contest for Ca2+ is, therefore, unequal and Ca 2+ finds itself in the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum There it encounters ano ...
... able to draw Ca 2+ away from the sarcoplasmic Ca 2+ -binding proteins which have Kd values for Ca2+ binding of about 1-5 µM (Greaser et al., 1972b; Kretsinger. 1976). The contest for Ca2+ is, therefore, unequal and Ca 2+ finds itself in the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum There it encounters ano ...
Ebolavirus Proteins Suppress the Effects of Small
... Cellular RNA interference (RNAi) provides a natural response against viral infection, but some viruses have evolved mechanisms to antagonize this form of antiviral immunity. To determine whether Ebolavirus (EBOV) counters RNAi by encoding suppressors of RNA silencing (SRSs), we screened all EBOV pro ...
... Cellular RNA interference (RNAi) provides a natural response against viral infection, but some viruses have evolved mechanisms to antagonize this form of antiviral immunity. To determine whether Ebolavirus (EBOV) counters RNAi by encoding suppressors of RNA silencing (SRSs), we screened all EBOV pro ...
Synthetic Physical Interactions Map Kinetochore
... activation we employed mutants of MAD2 as controls for the kinetochore SPI screen. We created a mutant of MAD2 (mad2-R126, Q127/AA) that encodes a dimerization mutant that binds normally to Mad1 but does not form an active MCC as it fails to convert O-Mad2 to a form that can bind Cdc20 (Nezi et al. ...
... activation we employed mutants of MAD2 as controls for the kinetochore SPI screen. We created a mutant of MAD2 (mad2-R126, Q127/AA) that encodes a dimerization mutant that binds normally to Mad1 but does not form an active MCC as it fails to convert O-Mad2 to a form that can bind Cdc20 (Nezi et al. ...
The photosynthetic apparatus of Prochlorococcus
... allophycocyanin, phycocyanin, core-membrane or rod-core linker proteins and phycobilisome degradation proteins such as NblA (Collier and Grossman, 1994). It is appealing to suppose that the presence of phycoerythrin as an additional light-harvesting system in the high B/A ecotypes may support photos ...
... allophycocyanin, phycocyanin, core-membrane or rod-core linker proteins and phycobilisome degradation proteins such as NblA (Collier and Grossman, 1994). It is appealing to suppose that the presence of phycoerythrin as an additional light-harvesting system in the high B/A ecotypes may support photos ...
Early and late endosomal compartments of Entamoeba histolytica
... importance of the E. histolytica endo-lysosomal and secretory systems in nutrition and invasion of the organism, relatively little is known about the molecular factors governing these systems including the associated proteins which may regulate endocytic or secretory function. In other eukaryotes, t ...
... importance of the E. histolytica endo-lysosomal and secretory systems in nutrition and invasion of the organism, relatively little is known about the molecular factors governing these systems including the associated proteins which may regulate endocytic or secretory function. In other eukaryotes, t ...
Structure and Expression of Genes for a Class of Cysteine
... but because of their high cysteine content the UHS keratin proteins are very difficult to study and pure proteins have not been isolated. The UHS keratin proteins comprise a small fraction of the total keratin proteins of wool but form a more significant component in mouse and human hair (Gillespie, ...
... but because of their high cysteine content the UHS keratin proteins are very difficult to study and pure proteins have not been isolated. The UHS keratin proteins comprise a small fraction of the total keratin proteins of wool but form a more significant component in mouse and human hair (Gillespie, ...
Probing for Binding Regions of the FtsZ Protein Surface through Site
... the septum (1, 2). However, recent work suggested that peptidoglycan remodeling limits the rate of constriction and may contribute to the force (3; also see related discussions at the F1000Prime website [4, 5] and in reference 6). The FtsZ protein comprises a globular domain that is structurally hom ...
... the septum (1, 2). However, recent work suggested that peptidoglycan remodeling limits the rate of constriction and may contribute to the force (3; also see related discussions at the F1000Prime website [4, 5] and in reference 6). The FtsZ protein comprises a globular domain that is structurally hom ...
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... When seedling peroxisomes are transformed to leaf peroxisomes, obsolete ICL and MLS must be degraded. In recent studies, three mechanisms have been proposed for the degradation of these proteins during post-germinative growth of Arabidopsis seedlings (Figure 1). In one mechanism [herein designated i ...
... When seedling peroxisomes are transformed to leaf peroxisomes, obsolete ICL and MLS must be degraded. In recent studies, three mechanisms have been proposed for the degradation of these proteins during post-germinative growth of Arabidopsis seedlings (Figure 1). In one mechanism [herein designated i ...
Two Separate Functions Are Encoded by the Carboxyl
... genes of interest (e.g. CAP, CAP deletion mutants, and MCH1). The oligonucleotides used for gene amplification are listed in Table I. All GAL4-CAP fusions were created by subcloning the appropriate CAP fragment into the SalI and SacI sites of either pPC86 or pPC97. The GAL4-MCH1 fusions were created ...
... genes of interest (e.g. CAP, CAP deletion mutants, and MCH1). The oligonucleotides used for gene amplification are listed in Table I. All GAL4-CAP fusions were created by subcloning the appropriate CAP fragment into the SalI and SacI sites of either pPC86 or pPC97. The GAL4-MCH1 fusions were created ...
Cell-Free Synthesis for Analyzing the Membrane
... A few years ago combined transcription/translation systems were introduced that synthesize protein from an added cDNA in one step. These systems (e.g., TNT lysate from Promega) were designed primarily to test if a cloned cDNA or open reading frame produced a protein with the expected molecular weigh ...
... A few years ago combined transcription/translation systems were introduced that synthesize protein from an added cDNA in one step. These systems (e.g., TNT lysate from Promega) were designed primarily to test if a cloned cDNA or open reading frame produced a protein with the expected molecular weigh ...
Endosomal transport of septin mRNA and protein indicates local
... designated using poly-A binding protein (Pab1), is disrupted in cells bearing a deletion or mutation in RRM4. In the current study, the authors now demonstrate that cdc3 mRNA and protein may be transported on particles that co-label with ribosomal proteins, Pab1, and FM4-64, and in a manner that is ...
... designated using poly-A binding protein (Pab1), is disrupted in cells bearing a deletion or mutation in RRM4. In the current study, the authors now demonstrate that cdc3 mRNA and protein may be transported on particles that co-label with ribosomal proteins, Pab1, and FM4-64, and in a manner that is ...
The Metamorphosis of the Aleurone Protein Storage Vacuole
... for abundantly transcribed enzymes such as α-amylase. GAand ABA-responsive elements have been identified in the promoters of several cereal aleurone genes, and functional trans-acting factors have been found (Jacobsen et al., 1995). Much less is known about other aspects of hormonal regulation in th ...
... for abundantly transcribed enzymes such as α-amylase. GAand ABA-responsive elements have been identified in the promoters of several cereal aleurone genes, and functional trans-acting factors have been found (Jacobsen et al., 1995). Much less is known about other aspects of hormonal regulation in th ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.