![Selecting an Ontology for Biomedical Text Mining He Tan, Patrick Lambrix Abstract](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008885516_1-35811e035db36c67cbc3be65340a2343-300x300.png)
Selecting an Ontology for Biomedical Text Mining He Tan, Patrick Lambrix Abstract
... access to text, natural language processing, and information integration. Developers of text mining applications often look for appropriate ontologies that can be integrated into their systems, rather than develop new ontologies from scratch. The choice of ontology may, however, have a major impact ...
... access to text, natural language processing, and information integration. Developers of text mining applications often look for appropriate ontologies that can be integrated into their systems, rather than develop new ontologies from scratch. The choice of ontology may, however, have a major impact ...
HER-2/neu Gene Amplification Compared With HER
... cancer causes more cancer deaths in women.1 The HER2/neu proto-oncogene is amplified and overexpressed in 25% of invasive breast carcinomas, and this alteration predicts shortened disease-free survival and poor clinical outcome in cases of breast carcinoma.2-5 Also known as c-erbB-2, the HER-2/neu ( ...
... cancer causes more cancer deaths in women.1 The HER2/neu proto-oncogene is amplified and overexpressed in 25% of invasive breast carcinomas, and this alteration predicts shortened disease-free survival and poor clinical outcome in cases of breast carcinoma.2-5 Also known as c-erbB-2, the HER-2/neu ( ...
Type III secretion: The bacteria-eukaryotic cell
... T3S substrates among all the other bacterial proteins are still a matter of debate. The observation that led to this controversy was the finding that no mutations could be identified that specifically abolished secretion of the Yersinia proteins YopE and YopN, when their N-terminus is fused to a report ...
... T3S substrates among all the other bacterial proteins are still a matter of debate. The observation that led to this controversy was the finding that no mutations could be identified that specifically abolished secretion of the Yersinia proteins YopE and YopN, when their N-terminus is fused to a report ...
Two overlapping reading frames in a single exon encode interacting
... rise to a distinct protein, referred to as ALEX (for alternative gene product encoded by the XL-exon). Rat ALEX would lack any Gas sequence (Figure 1B), consist of 356 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 38 kDa, and be a very proline-rich (21%) and highly basic (pI = 11.8) protein (Figur ...
... rise to a distinct protein, referred to as ALEX (for alternative gene product encoded by the XL-exon). Rat ALEX would lack any Gas sequence (Figure 1B), consist of 356 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 38 kDa, and be a very proline-rich (21%) and highly basic (pI = 11.8) protein (Figur ...
Characterization of somatic antigens of adult
... rTES-30USM) [13]. Presently a Dot-ELISA test for toxocarosis is under evaluation which is considered as a reliable one as it presents many advantages as a basic diagnostic test. For example, it is highly stable, it does not require specialised tools to analyse the results, it has a lower cost and it ...
... rTES-30USM) [13]. Presently a Dot-ELISA test for toxocarosis is under evaluation which is considered as a reliable one as it presents many advantages as a basic diagnostic test. For example, it is highly stable, it does not require specialised tools to analyse the results, it has a lower cost and it ...
Mechanisms Shaping the Membranes of Cellular Organelles
... As discussed below, some integral membrane proteins have also been proposed to generate curvature by a combination of scaffolding and hydrophobic insertion (wedging). Protein embedding alone could cause membrane curvature by the bilayer coupling effect ...
... As discussed below, some integral membrane proteins have also been proposed to generate curvature by a combination of scaffolding and hydrophobic insertion (wedging). Protein embedding alone could cause membrane curvature by the bilayer coupling effect ...
Role of the leader sequence in tobacco pectin methylesterase
... PS:GFP mutants) and (ii) the 216-aa long SS located between the TM and mature portion of enzyme (B-series PS:GFP mutants). The epidermal cells of N. benthamiana leaves were agroinjected with the mutant constructs and GFP was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The deletions in TM suppr ...
... PS:GFP mutants) and (ii) the 216-aa long SS located between the TM and mature portion of enzyme (B-series PS:GFP mutants). The epidermal cells of N. benthamiana leaves were agroinjected with the mutant constructs and GFP was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The deletions in TM suppr ...
Purification, Cloning, and Functional Characterization of a Novel
... Antrodia camphorata, a well-known folk medicine bitter mushroom in Taiwan, and N-terminally sequenced. By taking advantage of its N-terminal amino acid sequence, the full-length ACA gene was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approach. This gene encodes a 136 amino acid protein tha ...
... Antrodia camphorata, a well-known folk medicine bitter mushroom in Taiwan, and N-terminally sequenced. By taking advantage of its N-terminal amino acid sequence, the full-length ACA gene was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approach. This gene encodes a 136 amino acid protein tha ...
Calretinin
... connecting the two helices. • In this loop, there are amino acid residues with negatively charged oxygen atoms, which attract the positively charged calcium ion • When Ca2+ enters the cell Calretinin binds about 99% of it. ...
... connecting the two helices. • In this loop, there are amino acid residues with negatively charged oxygen atoms, which attract the positively charged calcium ion • When Ca2+ enters the cell Calretinin binds about 99% of it. ...
Viral and cellular subnuclear structures in human cytomegalovirus
... Subnuclear structures other than PML-NBs could also be involved in repression of viral transcription. These include bodies such as the HCMV tegument protein pp150 (UL32). pp150 is a substrate of cyclin A2-CDK (Table 1) and is a sensor for cell-cycle progression during HCMV infection. By an unknown m ...
... Subnuclear structures other than PML-NBs could also be involved in repression of viral transcription. These include bodies such as the HCMV tegument protein pp150 (UL32). pp150 is a substrate of cyclin A2-CDK (Table 1) and is a sensor for cell-cycle progression during HCMV infection. By an unknown m ...
Utilisation of Whey
... enzymes break a specific peptide bond in k -casein between the phenylalanine at position 105 and the methionine at position 106, which destabilizes the casein micelle and allows the cheese curd to form. The part of k -casein consisting of amino acid residues 1-105 is known as para-k -casein and stay ...
... enzymes break a specific peptide bond in k -casein between the phenylalanine at position 105 and the methionine at position 106, which destabilizes the casein micelle and allows the cheese curd to form. The part of k -casein consisting of amino acid residues 1-105 is known as para-k -casein and stay ...
Calcitonin
... terminal regions but are almost entirely different in the carboxy‐terminal regions” (Pondel 3). Calcitonin gene related peptide is a 37 amino acid polypeptide. Thyroid stimulating hormone exhibits a different structure than both calcitonin and calcitonin gene related peptide. TSH is a category o ...
... terminal regions but are almost entirely different in the carboxy‐terminal regions” (Pondel 3). Calcitonin gene related peptide is a 37 amino acid polypeptide. Thyroid stimulating hormone exhibits a different structure than both calcitonin and calcitonin gene related peptide. TSH is a category o ...
Regulation of phospholipase D activity, membrane targeting and
... regulator of both constitutive and agonist-promoted intracellular vesicle trafficking [1,2]. Several recent reviews discuss the structure, regulation and functions of PLD. This short article focuses on the role of phosphoinositides as regulators of yeast and mammalian PLD activity and function and, ...
... regulator of both constitutive and agonist-promoted intracellular vesicle trafficking [1,2]. Several recent reviews discuss the structure, regulation and functions of PLD. This short article focuses on the role of phosphoinositides as regulators of yeast and mammalian PLD activity and function and, ...
Structure and function of the GINS complex, a key component of the
... 100 kDa complex present at constant levels through the cell cycle; the complex was named GINS. While Takayama et al. [5] were treading a traditional yeast molecular genetic path, Labib and co-workers [3] took an altogether different approach. Previous work from a consortium of laboratories [32] had ...
... 100 kDa complex present at constant levels through the cell cycle; the complex was named GINS. While Takayama et al. [5] were treading a traditional yeast molecular genetic path, Labib and co-workers [3] took an altogether different approach. Previous work from a consortium of laboratories [32] had ...
Divinyl Chlorophyll(ide) a Can Be Converted to Monovinyl
... (Kolossov et al., 2006), protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) a (Tripathy and Rebeiz, 1988), Chlide a (Kolossov and Rebeiz, 2001; Nagata et al., 2005), and Chl a (Adra and Rebeiz, 1998). What is not clear at this stage is whether the various 8-vinyl reductase activities are catalyzed by one enzyme of broad ...
... (Kolossov et al., 2006), protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) a (Tripathy and Rebeiz, 1988), Chlide a (Kolossov and Rebeiz, 2001; Nagata et al., 2005), and Chl a (Adra and Rebeiz, 1998). What is not clear at this stage is whether the various 8-vinyl reductase activities are catalyzed by one enzyme of broad ...
MARINE ICOSAHEDRAL MEMBRANE-CONTAINING - E
... have had a great impact on the development of modern molecular biology and the understanding of the basic mechanisms of life, not the least important being the discovery of DNA carrying the genetic information or mRNA transferring that information further (Fields et al., 1996). In general bacterioph ...
... have had a great impact on the development of modern molecular biology and the understanding of the basic mechanisms of life, not the least important being the discovery of DNA carrying the genetic information or mRNA transferring that information further (Fields et al., 1996). In general bacterioph ...
Clostridium difficile toxin synthesis is negatively regulated by TcdC
... studying the behaviour of fusions of the tcdA gene promoter to the reporter gene gusA, which encodes E. coli b-glucuronidase (Matamouros et al., 2007). Expression of TcdR in trans activated expression from the tcdA promoter. However, when TcdC was co-expressed with TcdR, activity was strongly reduce ...
... studying the behaviour of fusions of the tcdA gene promoter to the reporter gene gusA, which encodes E. coli b-glucuronidase (Matamouros et al., 2007). Expression of TcdR in trans activated expression from the tcdA promoter. However, when TcdC was co-expressed with TcdR, activity was strongly reduce ...
Chapter 14 Preparing Semisynthetic and Fully Synthetic Histones
... Chemical ligation is an excellent way to prepare the homogenous samples of precisely modified histone proteins that are necessary to characterize the molecular functions of these modifications within the structured nucleosome core (5). Native chemical ligation (NCL) is the chemoselective condensatio ...
... Chemical ligation is an excellent way to prepare the homogenous samples of precisely modified histone proteins that are necessary to characterize the molecular functions of these modifications within the structured nucleosome core (5). Native chemical ligation (NCL) is the chemoselective condensatio ...
Histones - scientia.global
... Histones form the bulk of the protein component of chromatin – a complex of macromolecules found in cells, consisting of DNA, RNA and protein. Originally, histones were thought to be only involved in packing chromosomal DNA in eukaryotic cells, but now, they are clearly also important players in reg ...
... Histones form the bulk of the protein component of chromatin – a complex of macromolecules found in cells, consisting of DNA, RNA and protein. Originally, histones were thought to be only involved in packing chromosomal DNA in eukaryotic cells, but now, they are clearly also important players in reg ...
Ingredient of the Month - American Culinary Federation
... Black walnuts having a slightly higher protein content and slightly less fat than the English variety. Since they have a tougher outside shell and are difficult to extract whole, they are often sold in pieces. • Green walnuts, also known as “wet” walnuts, are used in pickling and preserving because ...
... Black walnuts having a slightly higher protein content and slightly less fat than the English variety. Since they have a tougher outside shell and are difficult to extract whole, they are often sold in pieces. • Green walnuts, also known as “wet” walnuts, are used in pickling and preserving because ...
Blood coagulation
... with malabsorption of vitamin K can lead to deficient carboxylation of the vitamin-K-dependent coagulation proteins. In severe cases, this process results in an increased bleeding tendency. However, a more common disorder is deficiency of vitamin K due to excessive intake of antagonists, for exampl ...
... with malabsorption of vitamin K can lead to deficient carboxylation of the vitamin-K-dependent coagulation proteins. In severe cases, this process results in an increased bleeding tendency. However, a more common disorder is deficiency of vitamin K due to excessive intake of antagonists, for exampl ...
The AP-3 adaptor complex is required for vacuolar function
... Subcellular trafficking is required for a multitude of functions in eukaryotic cells. It involves regulation of cargo sorting, vesicle formation, trafficking and fusion processes at multiple levels. Adaptor protein (AP) complexes are key regulators of cargo sorting into vesicles in yeast and mammals ...
... Subcellular trafficking is required for a multitude of functions in eukaryotic cells. It involves regulation of cargo sorting, vesicle formation, trafficking and fusion processes at multiple levels. Adaptor protein (AP) complexes are key regulators of cargo sorting into vesicles in yeast and mammals ...
A Lipid Transfer–like Protein Is Necessary for Lily
... moving animal cells (Burridge and Chrzanowska-Wodnicka, 1996), are observed (Jauh and Lord, 1995). These configurations were first described in lily by Pierson et al. (1986) and are not detectable in pollen tubes grown in vitro. The adhesion events, the faster growth rates of pollen tubes, and the F ...
... moving animal cells (Burridge and Chrzanowska-Wodnicka, 1996), are observed (Jauh and Lord, 1995). These configurations were first described in lily by Pierson et al. (1986) and are not detectable in pollen tubes grown in vitro. The adhesion events, the faster growth rates of pollen tubes, and the F ...
SLC_ABCs_2013 - Jianhai Du Lab @ West Virginia University
... membrane localization, hydrophobic nature, and relatively low abundance, although physiological data for a variety of transporters have been reported extensively. It has now been over two decades since the expression cloning approach for transporters was developed (Hediger et al., 1987; Romero et al ...
... membrane localization, hydrophobic nature, and relatively low abundance, although physiological data for a variety of transporters have been reported extensively. It has now been over two decades since the expression cloning approach for transporters was developed (Hediger et al., 1987; Romero et al ...
Protein moonlighting
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3EL3.png?width=300)
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.