![PCtpc201500393rar1_pap_plantcell 1..22](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017172883_1-6d7f1d563bb7bc1a19e5f3b19feb45f4-300x300.png)
PCtpc201500393rar1_pap_plantcell 1..22
... simplicity; see next section) was selected for further analysis since, in addition to showing increased anthocyanin levels, other phenotypic defects of phr1 mutants were also partially suppressed. The alix-1 plants showed increased PSI (Pi-STARVATION INDUCED) gene expression and Pi levels compared w ...
... simplicity; see next section) was selected for further analysis since, in addition to showing increased anthocyanin levels, other phenotypic defects of phr1 mutants were also partially suppressed. The alix-1 plants showed increased PSI (Pi-STARVATION INDUCED) gene expression and Pi levels compared w ...
mic.sgmjournals.org
... batch cultures and a time-course analysis was performed. A transient excretion of organic acids was observed and we focused our attention on lactate synthesis. Lactate synthesis was due to the ldh-encoded L-lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh). Features of Ldh activity and ldh transcription were analysed. Th ...
... batch cultures and a time-course analysis was performed. A transient excretion of organic acids was observed and we focused our attention on lactate synthesis. Lactate synthesis was due to the ldh-encoded L-lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh). Features of Ldh activity and ldh transcription were analysed. Th ...
FRET!
... Responses: Fluid secretion, exocytosis, channel gating, enzyme activities, cell division, proliferation, gene expression ...
... Responses: Fluid secretion, exocytosis, channel gating, enzyme activities, cell division, proliferation, gene expression ...
PeptidePicker: a Tool for Determining Most Appropriate Peptides for
... database27 with scores given for the likelihood of observing a given peptide.28 The score also takes into consideration the suitability of an MRM transition, based on the frequency and intensity of the observed fragment ions of the specific peptide. The software checks selected peptides for uniquene ...
... database27 with scores given for the likelihood of observing a given peptide.28 The score also takes into consideration the suitability of an MRM transition, based on the frequency and intensity of the observed fragment ions of the specific peptide. The software checks selected peptides for uniquene ...
Construction and Characterization of a Highly Regulable Expression
... A number of different expression vectors have been developed to facilitate the regulated overproduction of proteins in Escherichia coli and related bacteria. Some of the more popular ones include pKK223-3, pKK233-2, pTrc99A, and the pET family of expression vectors. These vectors were designed to be ...
... A number of different expression vectors have been developed to facilitate the regulated overproduction of proteins in Escherichia coli and related bacteria. Some of the more popular ones include pKK223-3, pKK233-2, pTrc99A, and the pET family of expression vectors. These vectors were designed to be ...
Descriptions of Banbury Conference
... regulation of the varied and sometimes contradictory functions which have been proposed for FRMP; the study of alternative phosphorylation states of FMRP is difficult, requiring specific antibodies which have only recently become available. Ben Oostra described his model of FMRP transport using PC12 ...
... regulation of the varied and sometimes contradictory functions which have been proposed for FRMP; the study of alternative phosphorylation states of FMRP is difficult, requiring specific antibodies which have only recently become available. Ben Oostra described his model of FMRP transport using PC12 ...
Molecular signatures-based prediction of enzyme
... level (see previous definitions) was computed between pairs of reactions annotated for each enzyme. Based on reaction similarity, the sequence list was split into positive set (promiscuous) and negative set (non-promiscuous). Redundancy was removed within each set by using the cd-hit program (Li and ...
... level (see previous definitions) was computed between pairs of reactions annotated for each enzyme. Based on reaction similarity, the sequence list was split into positive set (promiscuous) and negative set (non-promiscuous). Redundancy was removed within each set by using the cd-hit program (Li and ...
Plant development, auxin, and the subsystem
... has been shown to alter auxin transport and gravitropism without causing any discernable change on cell polarity in roots (Sukumar et al., 2009). The rcn1 mutant also exhibits a near twofold increase in IAA basipetal transport. Treatment of control plants with phosphatase inhibitors, such as canthar ...
... has been shown to alter auxin transport and gravitropism without causing any discernable change on cell polarity in roots (Sukumar et al., 2009). The rcn1 mutant also exhibits a near twofold increase in IAA basipetal transport. Treatment of control plants with phosphatase inhibitors, such as canthar ...
... root tip through the PIN proteins. Conceivably, PID could regulate either the expression of PIN proteins, the polarity of their subcellular localization, or their activity. Because an activity assay for PIN proteins is so far not available, we focused on testing the expression and subcellular locali ...
Distinct and collaborative roles of Drosophila EXT family proteins in
... together, these results suggest that both botv and sotv are segment-polarity genes, and are likely to be involved in Hh and/or Wg signalling. botv and sotv encode the Drosophila homologues of mammalian EXTL3 and EXT2, respectively, and are required for HS GAG biosynthesis botv and sotv were subseque ...
... together, these results suggest that both botv and sotv are segment-polarity genes, and are likely to be involved in Hh and/or Wg signalling. botv and sotv encode the Drosophila homologues of mammalian EXTL3 and EXT2, respectively, and are required for HS GAG biosynthesis botv and sotv were subseque ...
Control of GL2 expression in Arabidopsis leaves and trichomes
... GL2 gene • In order to look at where the GL2 gene was being translated, the researchers made a special T-DNA construct • It was composed of a 5’UTR 2,1kb fragment of the GL2 gene and the b-glucuronidase gene (GUS) – GL2::GUS, (essentially the GUS gene under the control of the GL2 promoter region) ...
... GL2 gene • In order to look at where the GL2 gene was being translated, the researchers made a special T-DNA construct • It was composed of a 5’UTR 2,1kb fragment of the GL2 gene and the b-glucuronidase gene (GUS) – GL2::GUS, (essentially the GUS gene under the control of the GL2 promoter region) ...
Marginally hydrophobic transmembrane helices shaping membrane protein folding
... that the extracytoplasmic leaflet contains most of the phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipids, while phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine are enriched in the cytoplasmic leaflet (27) . How the asymmetry is established and maintained is not well understood. In addition ...
... that the extracytoplasmic leaflet contains most of the phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipids, while phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine are enriched in the cytoplasmic leaflet (27) . How the asymmetry is established and maintained is not well understood. In addition ...
Molecular characteristics of sucrose synthase
... padus L., Rosaceae). Sucrose is a major transport form of reduced carbon within the most higher plants [1, 2]. Sucrose synthase (SuSy, NDP-glucose: D-fructose 2-α-D-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.13) plays a substantial role in regulation of intracellular homoestasis and ontogenetic development of pl ...
... padus L., Rosaceae). Sucrose is a major transport form of reduced carbon within the most higher plants [1, 2]. Sucrose synthase (SuSy, NDP-glucose: D-fructose 2-α-D-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.13) plays a substantial role in regulation of intracellular homoestasis and ontogenetic development of pl ...
Cloning vectors for the expression of green fluorescent protein
... visualized by epifluorescence microscopy, both in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and after transient expression in onion epidermal cells. Using tandem dimers and other protein fusions to GFP, we found that the previously described localization of wild-type GFP to the cell nucleus is most likely due ...
... visualized by epifluorescence microscopy, both in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and after transient expression in onion epidermal cells. Using tandem dimers and other protein fusions to GFP, we found that the previously described localization of wild-type GFP to the cell nucleus is most likely due ...
eIF-3 - Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
... Termination In every gene that has been sequenced, one of the termination codons lies immediately after the codon representing the C-terminal amino acid of the wildtype sequence. The UAG, UAA, and UGA triplet sequences are therefore necessary and sufficient to end protein synthesis, whether occurri ...
... Termination In every gene that has been sequenced, one of the termination codons lies immediately after the codon representing the C-terminal amino acid of the wildtype sequence. The UAG, UAA, and UGA triplet sequences are therefore necessary and sufficient to end protein synthesis, whether occurri ...
A defined subset of adenylyl cyclases is regulated by bicarbonate ion.
... presence of a number of anions with Na+ as cation (Figure 1C). Anions structurally distinct from HCO3- (e.g. Cl-, NO3-, and SO42-) gave no stimulation of cyaB1595-859 specific activity. Bisulfite (HSO3-) is a scalar ion whose reactive groups resemble those of planar HCO3- and gave a small, but signi ...
... presence of a number of anions with Na+ as cation (Figure 1C). Anions structurally distinct from HCO3- (e.g. Cl-, NO3-, and SO42-) gave no stimulation of cyaB1595-859 specific activity. Bisulfite (HSO3-) is a scalar ion whose reactive groups resemble those of planar HCO3- and gave a small, but signi ...
Ph.D. Thesis Azar Shahpiri
... acid (GA) signal by synthesizing hydrolytic enzymes that are released to the endosperm, before undergoing cell death. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone layer can be separated from the other seed tissues and maintained in culture, allowing the study of GA, abscisic acid (ABA) and other signals in ...
... acid (GA) signal by synthesizing hydrolytic enzymes that are released to the endosperm, before undergoing cell death. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone layer can be separated from the other seed tissues and maintained in culture, allowing the study of GA, abscisic acid (ABA) and other signals in ...
Rubisco Synthesis, Assembly, Mechanism, and Regulation
... attempt to understandvarious cellular processes. High levels of expression from nuclear rbcS and chloroplast rbcL genes have facilitated work ranging from gene isolation to studies on light regulation. The different cellular compartments used for Rubisco gene transcription and translation, together ...
... attempt to understandvarious cellular processes. High levels of expression from nuclear rbcS and chloroplast rbcL genes have facilitated work ranging from gene isolation to studies on light regulation. The different cellular compartments used for Rubisco gene transcription and translation, together ...
12 Insights into the mechanisms underlying CFTR channel activity
... through the application of certain small‑molecule modulators and, once at the surface, the altered channel function of the major mutant can be ‘potentiated’, pharmacologically. Importantly, two such small molecules, a ‘corrector’ (VX‑809) and a ‘potentiator’ (VX‑770) compound are undergoing clinical ...
... through the application of certain small‑molecule modulators and, once at the surface, the altered channel function of the major mutant can be ‘potentiated’, pharmacologically. Importantly, two such small molecules, a ‘corrector’ (VX‑809) and a ‘potentiator’ (VX‑770) compound are undergoing clinical ...
Natural Variation in Sensitivity to a Loss of Chloroplast Translation in
... proteins generated in a sensitive background. The results indicate that tolerance is mediated by ACC2, a duplicated nuclear gene that targets homomeric acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase to plastids, where the multidomain protein can participate in fatty acid biosynthesis. In the presence of functional A ...
... proteins generated in a sensitive background. The results indicate that tolerance is mediated by ACC2, a duplicated nuclear gene that targets homomeric acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase to plastids, where the multidomain protein can participate in fatty acid biosynthesis. In the presence of functional A ...
... DEK (6p23) - Courtesy Mariano Rocchi, Resources for Molecular Cytogenetics. Laboratories willing to validate the probes are welcome: contact [email protected]. ...
MODified™ Protein Domain Binding Kit Manual
... epigenetic marks play a role in the regulation of gene expression and chromatin state1-4. These histone modifications are recognized and bound by specific proteins that are coined ‘writers’ ‘readers’ and ‘erasers’. Many of these proteins contain highly conserved domains which serve as the building b ...
... epigenetic marks play a role in the regulation of gene expression and chromatin state1-4. These histone modifications are recognized and bound by specific proteins that are coined ‘writers’ ‘readers’ and ‘erasers’. Many of these proteins contain highly conserved domains which serve as the building b ...
Characterization of CIC transporter proteins Moradi, Hossein
... polarization is so large that K+ ions cannot move anymore. The potential at which this happens is called the Nernst potential for that particular ion. An important aspect of channel-proteins is that they can be controlled. The channels can be opened or closed according to the needs of the cell. This ...
... polarization is so large that K+ ions cannot move anymore. The potential at which this happens is called the Nernst potential for that particular ion. An important aspect of channel-proteins is that they can be controlled. The channels can be opened or closed according to the needs of the cell. This ...
Charge asymmetry in the proteins of the outer membrane
... hydrogens were generated for backbone nitrogens. Strands were determined by a distance of 2.75 Å between generated hydrogens and backbone oxygens. A residue was assigned to a strand if the residue’s amino hydrogen was within hydrogen-bonding distance of another residue’s carbonyl oxygen (or vice v ...
... hydrogens were generated for backbone nitrogens. Strands were determined by a distance of 2.75 Å between generated hydrogens and backbone oxygens. A residue was assigned to a strand if the residue’s amino hydrogen was within hydrogen-bonding distance of another residue’s carbonyl oxygen (or vice v ...
Genomic Survey and Gene Expression Analysis
... and the Leu zipper dimerization region. They have been shown to regulate diverse plant-specific phenomena, including seed maturation and germination, floral induction and development, and photomorphogenesis, and are also involved in stress and hormone signaling. We have identified 89 bZIP transcript ...
... and the Leu zipper dimerization region. They have been shown to regulate diverse plant-specific phenomena, including seed maturation and germination, floral induction and development, and photomorphogenesis, and are also involved in stress and hormone signaling. We have identified 89 bZIP transcript ...
Protein moonlighting
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3EL3.png?width=300)
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.