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Chpt12_RNAProcessing.doc
... CFI, CFII and PAP form a complex that binds to the nascent RNA at the cleavage site, directed by the CPSF specificity factor. CstF is an additional protein implicated in this process in vitro, but its precise function is currently unknown. ...
... CFI, CFII and PAP form a complex that binds to the nascent RNA at the cleavage site, directed by the CPSF specificity factor. CstF is an additional protein implicated in this process in vitro, but its precise function is currently unknown. ...
Requirement of Heavy Neurofilament Subunit in the Development of
... sites that account for the unusually high content of phosphoserine residues in these proteins (Lee et al., 1988). Both NFs in situ as well as filaments assembled in vitro appear to contain a core of all three subunits with sidearm projections composed of NF-M and NF-H (Hirokawa et al., 1984; Hisanag ...
... sites that account for the unusually high content of phosphoserine residues in these proteins (Lee et al., 1988). Both NFs in situ as well as filaments assembled in vitro appear to contain a core of all three subunits with sidearm projections composed of NF-M and NF-H (Hirokawa et al., 1984; Hisanag ...
WHITE PANICLE1, a Val-tRNA Synthetase
... Chlorophyll autofluorescence observations and transmission electron microscopy analyses indicated that wp1 mutants are defective in early chloroplast development. RNA-seq analysis revealed that expression of nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes is significantly repressed, while expression of many chlo ...
... Chlorophyll autofluorescence observations and transmission electron microscopy analyses indicated that wp1 mutants are defective in early chloroplast development. RNA-seq analysis revealed that expression of nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes is significantly repressed, while expression of many chlo ...
Preparation of Lentiviral expression construct DNA
... Following terms and conditions apply to use of TF-Detect Human p53 Activity Assay Kit (the Product). If the terms and conditions are not acceptable, the Product in its entirety must be returned to GeneCopoeia within 5 calendar days. A limited End-User license is granted to the purchaser of the Produ ...
... Following terms and conditions apply to use of TF-Detect Human p53 Activity Assay Kit (the Product). If the terms and conditions are not acceptable, the Product in its entirety must be returned to GeneCopoeia within 5 calendar days. A limited End-User license is granted to the purchaser of the Produ ...
Dally cooperates with Drosophila Frizzled 2 to transduce Wingless
... blade, Dfz2 is involved in shaping the gradient of Wg distribution and determining the response of cells to Wg14. Uniform overexpression of Dfz2 in the wing pouch leads to ectopic bristle formation in the wing blade, probably re¯ecting activation of Wg signalling above its normal level. Ectopic expr ...
... blade, Dfz2 is involved in shaping the gradient of Wg distribution and determining the response of cells to Wg14. Uniform overexpression of Dfz2 in the wing pouch leads to ectopic bristle formation in the wing blade, probably re¯ecting activation of Wg signalling above its normal level. Ectopic expr ...
Plant autophagy—more than a starvation response
... formation (Table 1). The best studied proteins involved in plant autophagy are those of the ubiquitin-like conjugation systems [19]. The first involves the formation of a covalently linked conjugate of ATG5 and ATG12. The reaction is reminiscent of the attachment of ubiquitin to proteins to tag them ...
... formation (Table 1). The best studied proteins involved in plant autophagy are those of the ubiquitin-like conjugation systems [19]. The first involves the formation of a covalently linked conjugate of ATG5 and ATG12. The reaction is reminiscent of the attachment of ubiquitin to proteins to tag them ...
Identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins that bind to
... The following individuals and institutions are hereby acknowledged and thanked for their contribution to this project. Dr Gabre Kemp, thank you for your support and sacrifice in the completion of this project. Your willingness to help and guide me along the way is greatly appreciated. Thank you for ...
... The following individuals and institutions are hereby acknowledged and thanked for their contribution to this project. Dr Gabre Kemp, thank you for your support and sacrifice in the completion of this project. Your willingness to help and guide me along the way is greatly appreciated. Thank you for ...
Analysis of Genetic Toggle Switch Systems Encoded on Plasmids
... ing time , namely, the average time between spontaneous transitions. Two variants, the general switch and the exclusive switch, were studied and compared in Refs. [27]. The difference between these two variants is that in the exclusive switch there is an overlap between the two promoter sites, so t ...
... ing time , namely, the average time between spontaneous transitions. Two variants, the general switch and the exclusive switch, were studied and compared in Refs. [27]. The difference between these two variants is that in the exclusive switch there is an overlap between the two promoter sites, so t ...
THE QUEST FOR A MESSAGE: BUDDING YEAST, A MODEL
... that hybridizes in the last exon to evidence the total amount of transcript [53]. The last probe enables to account for changes in transcription levels or RNA stability of a particular transcript. Armed with this tool, several laboratories have set out to study the global effect on splicing of a la ...
... that hybridizes in the last exon to evidence the total amount of transcript [53]. The last probe enables to account for changes in transcription levels or RNA stability of a particular transcript. Armed with this tool, several laboratories have set out to study the global effect on splicing of a la ...
Cytostatic factor: an activity that puts the cell cycle on hold
... mitosis. However, the function of Emi1 as a CSF component was further called into question when Kishimoto and colleagues reported that endogenous Emi1 is undetectable in CSF-arrested Xenopus oocytes (Ohsumi et al., 2004). Furthermore, these authors showed that exogenous Emi1 protein is unstable in m ...
... mitosis. However, the function of Emi1 as a CSF component was further called into question when Kishimoto and colleagues reported that endogenous Emi1 is undetectable in CSF-arrested Xenopus oocytes (Ohsumi et al., 2004). Furthermore, these authors showed that exogenous Emi1 protein is unstable in m ...
Allosteric Modulators of Steroid Hormone Receptors: Structural
... acid sequences of SHR-like proteins from different organisms, including invertebrates such as molluscs and annelids, it has been proposed that the ancestral gene for SHRs was ER-like and bound estrogens (reviewed in Ref. 61). The binding of hormone has dramatic consequences for individual receptor s ...
... acid sequences of SHR-like proteins from different organisms, including invertebrates such as molluscs and annelids, it has been proposed that the ancestral gene for SHRs was ER-like and bound estrogens (reviewed in Ref. 61). The binding of hormone has dramatic consequences for individual receptor s ...
Intraflagellar transport molecules in ciliary and nonciliary cells of the
... 2003; Follit et al., 2006). These experiments verified the expression of all five IFT proteins in the murine retina (Fig. S1, A and B). The antibodies to four IFT proteins each recognized a single band of expected size in retinal protein extracts, which implied that these antibodies are monospecific ...
... 2003; Follit et al., 2006). These experiments verified the expression of all five IFT proteins in the murine retina (Fig. S1, A and B). The antibodies to four IFT proteins each recognized a single band of expected size in retinal protein extracts, which implied that these antibodies are monospecific ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document: THE ROLE OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS INTERNAL PROTEINS IN
... disease threat to poultry industries. Prophylactic vaccination with live attenuated vaccines is practiced in commercially reared birds throughout the United States as well as in most parts of the world. However, a recent outbreak of exotic Newcastle disease (END) in California, caused by a virulent ...
... disease threat to poultry industries. Prophylactic vaccination with live attenuated vaccines is practiced in commercially reared birds throughout the United States as well as in most parts of the world. However, a recent outbreak of exotic Newcastle disease (END) in California, caused by a virulent ...
FOG1 recruits the NuRD repressor complex to mediate
... differentiation is accompanied by morphological signs of maturation, production of hemoglobin and cell cycle arrest. This system faithfully recapitulates erythroid differentiation, which is supported by the observation that restoring GATA-1 activity in G1E cells induces all of the known GATA-1 targe ...
... differentiation is accompanied by morphological signs of maturation, production of hemoglobin and cell cycle arrest. This system faithfully recapitulates erythroid differentiation, which is supported by the observation that restoring GATA-1 activity in G1E cells induces all of the known GATA-1 targe ...
A novel exon within the mdm2 gene modulates translation
... transcript and screened for the presence of mdm2a mRNA in human lymphocytes. cDNA ampli®cation using total RNA isolated from human blood lymphocytes lead to the identi®cation of a h-mdm2a splice variant (Figure 1). The a exon sequence is highly conserved between canine and human mdm2 genes, with onl ...
... transcript and screened for the presence of mdm2a mRNA in human lymphocytes. cDNA ampli®cation using total RNA isolated from human blood lymphocytes lead to the identi®cation of a h-mdm2a splice variant (Figure 1). The a exon sequence is highly conserved between canine and human mdm2 genes, with onl ...
Wnt Signaling and an APC-Related Gene Specify Endoderm in
... P 2 induces both endoderm formation and the a–p polarity of the EMS blastomeres; we refer to this induction as P2 -EMS signaling. Previous studies suggested that P 2-EMS signaling may induce the E fate by lowering the amount or activity of POP-1 protein in the E blastomere (Lin et al., 1995). In a w ...
... P 2 induces both endoderm formation and the a–p polarity of the EMS blastomeres; we refer to this induction as P2 -EMS signaling. Previous studies suggested that P 2-EMS signaling may induce the E fate by lowering the amount or activity of POP-1 protein in the E blastomere (Lin et al., 1995). In a w ...
MicroReview Paradigms of plasmid organization
... from which these vehicles are constructed ± the replication, stability and transfer systems. But we also need to think of the properties of the different genetic machines that emerge from the different permutations and combinations of component parts. The resultant knowledge should ultimately lead t ...
... from which these vehicles are constructed ± the replication, stability and transfer systems. But we also need to think of the properties of the different genetic machines that emerge from the different permutations and combinations of component parts. The resultant knowledge should ultimately lead t ...
Signaling pathways in myocyte hypertrophy. Role of GATA4
... 5.2 Role of MAP kinases in GATA4 activation and BNP gene expression (II) ............53 5.2.1 Activation of ERK and p38 MAP kinase by ET-1 ...........................................53 5.2.2 Effect of ERK and p38 inhibition on ET-1 induced protein synthesis .............54 5.2.3 Regulation of GATA4 ...
... 5.2 Role of MAP kinases in GATA4 activation and BNP gene expression (II) ............53 5.2.1 Activation of ERK and p38 MAP kinase by ET-1 ...........................................53 5.2.2 Effect of ERK and p38 inhibition on ET-1 induced protein synthesis .............54 5.2.3 Regulation of GATA4 ...
Auxin signals — turning genes on and turning cells around
... PIN protein (red) depends on BFA-sensitive vesicle transport. In BFA-treated cells, PIN accumulates in undefined endosomal membrane structures (light blue) [40,42]. Polar auxin transport depends on an intact actin cytoskeleton, and a high-affinity 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA)-binding protein ...
... PIN protein (red) depends on BFA-sensitive vesicle transport. In BFA-treated cells, PIN accumulates in undefined endosomal membrane structures (light blue) [40,42]. Polar auxin transport depends on an intact actin cytoskeleton, and a high-affinity 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA)-binding protein ...
1 Are the Eyes Homologous?
... function and even when trying to predict structure (see the cautions in chapter 2 in this volume). This practice of borrowing annotations and setting expectations relies on tacit assumptions about the transitive nature of these attributes once homology has been established. It is my goal in this es ...
... function and even when trying to predict structure (see the cautions in chapter 2 in this volume). This practice of borrowing annotations and setting expectations relies on tacit assumptions about the transitive nature of these attributes once homology has been established. It is my goal in this es ...
The Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor in Xenopus
... which has little or no intrinsic specificity for RNA (43, 46), to the substrate mRNA. The 30-kDa subunit of CPSF may also bind to the AAUAAA sequence (18). In addition, the 30-kDa subunit binds preferentially to U-rich sequences (3, 22). Proteins related in sequence to each CPSF subunit have been id ...
... which has little or no intrinsic specificity for RNA (43, 46), to the substrate mRNA. The 30-kDa subunit of CPSF may also bind to the AAUAAA sequence (18). In addition, the 30-kDa subunit binds preferentially to U-rich sequences (3, 22). Proteins related in sequence to each CPSF subunit have been id ...
Dia 1
... • locus assignement to 7q31 using linkage analysis • cloning through physical mapping • genomic sequence 250 kb coding sequence 6.5 kb • almost exclusively expressed in epithelial cells • 3bp deletion in exon 10 in 70% in CF patients • CFTR = cystic fibrosis conductance regulator ...
... • locus assignement to 7q31 using linkage analysis • cloning through physical mapping • genomic sequence 250 kb coding sequence 6.5 kb • almost exclusively expressed in epithelial cells • 3bp deletion in exon 10 in 70% in CF patients • CFTR = cystic fibrosis conductance regulator ...
The Meaning of Sex: Genes and Gender Lecture Three—Sex and
... chromosomes of the hermaphrodite and the one X chromosome of the male ultimately make the same level of product. The worm's solution, however, is to allow both X chromosomes to be active, but each chromosome is repressed transcriptionally by 50%, and that's illustrated here. What we've done in this ...
... chromosomes of the hermaphrodite and the one X chromosome of the male ultimately make the same level of product. The worm's solution, however, is to allow both X chromosomes to be active, but each chromosome is repressed transcriptionally by 50%, and that's illustrated here. What we've done in this ...
University of Groningen The Plasma Membrane of
... has been presented in studies on two membrane proteins, a chitin synthase and the plasma membrane ATPase (100, 114, 115). It has been shown that delipidation of the ATPase results in inactivation of the enzyme (54). By reconstitution of the purified enzyme, Serrano et al. (180) showed that the ATPas ...
... has been presented in studies on two membrane proteins, a chitin synthase and the plasma membrane ATPase (100, 114, 115). It has been shown that delipidation of the ATPase results in inactivation of the enzyme (54). By reconstitution of the purified enzyme, Serrano et al. (180) showed that the ATPas ...
PowerPoint Template
... similar reaction as the adenylyl cyclases, the two enzyme classes differ considerably in structure and mechanism of activation. The guanylyl cyclases can be divided into three groups according to the number of transmembrane segments. One group contains enzymes that do not contain a transmembrane seg ...
... similar reaction as the adenylyl cyclases, the two enzyme classes differ considerably in structure and mechanism of activation. The guanylyl cyclases can be divided into three groups according to the number of transmembrane segments. One group contains enzymes that do not contain a transmembrane seg ...
Protein moonlighting
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3EL3.png?width=300)
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.