![Depletion of the co-chaperone CDC-37 reveals two](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017795217_1-7662c7c374b685a6680c25ee9066e023-300x300.png)
Depletion of the co-chaperone CDC-37 reveals two
... identities of the early blastomeres. PAR-1 and PAR-2 colocalize at the posterior cortex of the embryo. PAR-3, PAR-6 and PKC-3 (aPKC) colocalize at the anterior cortex of the embryo. A process of mutual exclusion maintains the anterior and posterior protein domains. We present results indicating that ...
... identities of the early blastomeres. PAR-1 and PAR-2 colocalize at the posterior cortex of the embryo. PAR-3, PAR-6 and PKC-3 (aPKC) colocalize at the anterior cortex of the embryo. A process of mutual exclusion maintains the anterior and posterior protein domains. We present results indicating that ...
The DELLA protein family and gibberellin signal transduction
... system. However, the DELLA proteins are also post-translationally modified which affects their activity. It is believed the DELLAs are modified both with O-linked N-Acetyl glucosamine for stability and phosphate groups to mark them for F-box recognition. However, the precise nature, and role of thes ...
... system. However, the DELLA proteins are also post-translationally modified which affects their activity. It is believed the DELLAs are modified both with O-linked N-Acetyl glucosamine for stability and phosphate groups to mark them for F-box recognition. However, the precise nature, and role of thes ...
Regulators of Lysosome Function and Dynamics in Caenorhabditis
... genes that correspond to the 20 mutations. We included the hypomorphic cup-5(ar465) allele in this analysis because we had originally identified this mutant on the basis of a similar phenotype in Pmyo-3::ssGFP worms (Fares and Greenwald 2001a). Our analysis indicates that we indeed identified several ...
... genes that correspond to the 20 mutations. We included the hypomorphic cup-5(ar465) allele in this analysis because we had originally identified this mutant on the basis of a similar phenotype in Pmyo-3::ssGFP worms (Fares and Greenwald 2001a). Our analysis indicates that we indeed identified several ...
Teacher Guide: Gene Expression. By Ann Brokaw.
... From the Author With the pace of current research, the biological sciences change incredibly fast, particularly in the fields of molecular genetics, specifically gene expression. Therefore, as a veteran biology teacher, I am constantly looking for resources that include up-to-date research, prompt ...
... From the Author With the pace of current research, the biological sciences change incredibly fast, particularly in the fields of molecular genetics, specifically gene expression. Therefore, as a veteran biology teacher, I am constantly looking for resources that include up-to-date research, prompt ...
In Vitro Reconstitution of SCF Substrate Ubiquitination with Purified
... FIG. 3. Purified reaction components for Sic1 ubiquitination assays. (A) Uba1 was purified from yeast strain RJD941 by NiNTA chromatography. This strain expresses hexahistidine‐ tagged Uba1 under control of a copper‐inducible promoter. A total of 2 g was loaded and run on an 8% SDS‐containing polya ...
... FIG. 3. Purified reaction components for Sic1 ubiquitination assays. (A) Uba1 was purified from yeast strain RJD941 by NiNTA chromatography. This strain expresses hexahistidine‐ tagged Uba1 under control of a copper‐inducible promoter. A total of 2 g was loaded and run on an 8% SDS‐containing polya ...
Study of moss vacuoles and functional
... The endomembrane system (secretory pathway) of plant cells has been studied by analogy with those of animals and yeasts, which have been well characterized. In plants, the secretory pathway comprises the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as site of protein and lipid synthesis, the Golgi apparatus (GA) as m ...
... The endomembrane system (secretory pathway) of plant cells has been studied by analogy with those of animals and yeasts, which have been well characterized. In plants, the secretory pathway comprises the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as site of protein and lipid synthesis, the Golgi apparatus (GA) as m ...
Compound heterozygosity of novel missense
... carboxylase active site to facilitate the reaction are largely unknown, due in part to the lack of a crystal structure or homology with other proteins that might indicate functional residues. Structurefunction relationships for VKORC1 are even less well defined, because the gene for this enzyme has ...
... carboxylase active site to facilitate the reaction are largely unknown, due in part to the lack of a crystal structure or homology with other proteins that might indicate functional residues. Structurefunction relationships for VKORC1 are even less well defined, because the gene for this enzyme has ...
Caryoneme alternative to chromosome and a new caryological
... nowadays in the sense of a substance containing, consisting of, or showing the staining and other reactions of deoxypentose nucleic acid. In the present state of biochemical and genetical knowledge, it seems doubtful whether it continues to serve as a useful purpose.” As a matter of fact, Barber & C ...
... nowadays in the sense of a substance containing, consisting of, or showing the staining and other reactions of deoxypentose nucleic acid. In the present state of biochemical and genetical knowledge, it seems doubtful whether it continues to serve as a useful purpose.” As a matter of fact, Barber & C ...
preprint - Human Genome Center
... Protein structure analysis is a very important research topic in the molecular biology of the postgenomic era. The RMSD (root mean square deviation) is the most frequently used measure for comparing two protein 3-D structures. In this paper, we deal with two fundamental problems related to the RMSD. ...
... Protein structure analysis is a very important research topic in the molecular biology of the postgenomic era. The RMSD (root mean square deviation) is the most frequently used measure for comparing two protein 3-D structures. In this paper, we deal with two fundamental problems related to the RMSD. ...
1. Function or use
... No deposit required when: “[The invention] can be prepared by one skilled in the art from known materials using the description in the specification.” ...
... No deposit required when: “[The invention] can be prepared by one skilled in the art from known materials using the description in the specification.” ...
A C-terminus Mitochondrial-localization Region and BH3 Domain of
... Apoptosis is known to contribute to the loss of neurological function in brain injury and several neurodegenerative diseases. The Bcl-2 family of proteins consist of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members that interact physically and functionally to regulate apoptosis in a cell type and stimulus s ...
... Apoptosis is known to contribute to the loss of neurological function in brain injury and several neurodegenerative diseases. The Bcl-2 family of proteins consist of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members that interact physically and functionally to regulate apoptosis in a cell type and stimulus s ...
Protein targeting, translocation and Escherichia coli Proteomic analysis of substrate-pathway relationships
... So far, β-barrel membrane proteins have only been found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and mitochondria, and in the outer envelope of chloroplasts. β-barrel membrane proteins are composed of an even number of anti-parallel β-strands arranged in a barrel like structure. The amide and ...
... So far, β-barrel membrane proteins have only been found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and mitochondria, and in the outer envelope of chloroplasts. β-barrel membrane proteins are composed of an even number of anti-parallel β-strands arranged in a barrel like structure. The amide and ...
Treble clef finger—a functionally diverse zinc
... 25 residue structural core can accommodate eight different metal-binding sites and can have many types of functions from binding of nucleic acids, proteins and small molecules, to catalysis of phosphodiester bond hydrolysis. Treble clef motifs are frequently incorporated in larger structures or occu ...
... 25 residue structural core can accommodate eight different metal-binding sites and can have many types of functions from binding of nucleic acids, proteins and small molecules, to catalysis of phosphodiester bond hydrolysis. Treble clef motifs are frequently incorporated in larger structures or occu ...
Pet_SUMO manual
... protein (Saitoh et al., 1997). Smt3, hereby referred to as SUMO, is a member of a ubiquitin-like protein family that regulates several cellular processes including apoptosis, nuclear transport, and cell cycle progression (Muller et al., 2001). Like ubiquitin, SUMO covalently attaches to lysine side ...
... protein (Saitoh et al., 1997). Smt3, hereby referred to as SUMO, is a member of a ubiquitin-like protein family that regulates several cellular processes including apoptosis, nuclear transport, and cell cycle progression (Muller et al., 2001). Like ubiquitin, SUMO covalently attaches to lysine side ...
PDF
... DAPI (4’, 6–diamidino-2-phenylindole) co-staining was included in this analysis in order to follow the distribution of genomic DNA and to localize the nucleus in the parasites studied. This immunofluorescent microscopy analysis (IFA) validates the centrosome assignment of the TgSas-6 ortholog. We id ...
... DAPI (4’, 6–diamidino-2-phenylindole) co-staining was included in this analysis in order to follow the distribution of genomic DNA and to localize the nucleus in the parasites studied. This immunofluorescent microscopy analysis (IFA) validates the centrosome assignment of the TgSas-6 ortholog. We id ...
The role of mTOR signaling in the regulation of protein synthesis
... the initial 2-3 weeks of this period, a rapid disuse atrophy occurs at a rate of approximately 0.5% of total muscle mass per day (de Boer et al., 2007; Wall and van Loon, 2013). Thus, the development of therapies that are aimed at preserving muscle mass during mechanical unloading is of great clinic ...
... the initial 2-3 weeks of this period, a rapid disuse atrophy occurs at a rate of approximately 0.5% of total muscle mass per day (de Boer et al., 2007; Wall and van Loon, 2013). Thus, the development of therapies that are aimed at preserving muscle mass during mechanical unloading is of great clinic ...
Brief Report - The Journal of Cell Biology
... TRAP and introduces a stop codon as well as a PacI restriction site (bolded). The resulting PCR product was then cloned into plasmid pCRScriptSK, yielding plasmid pDS1. The 39 UTR of TRAP, borne by the PacI-KpnI fragment of plasmid pMutDL, was further cloned into plasmid pDS1, yielding plasmid pMutD ...
... TRAP and introduces a stop codon as well as a PacI restriction site (bolded). The resulting PCR product was then cloned into plasmid pCRScriptSK, yielding plasmid pDS1. The 39 UTR of TRAP, borne by the PacI-KpnI fragment of plasmid pMutDL, was further cloned into plasmid pDS1, yielding plasmid pMutD ...
Write on zinc fingers
... Zinc finger (Znf) domains are relatively small protein motifs that contain multiple finger-like protrusions that make tandem contacts with their target molecule. Some of these domains bind zinc, but many do not, instead binding other metals such as iron or no metal at all. For example, some family m ...
... Zinc finger (Znf) domains are relatively small protein motifs that contain multiple finger-like protrusions that make tandem contacts with their target molecule. Some of these domains bind zinc, but many do not, instead binding other metals such as iron or no metal at all. For example, some family m ...
Exploring the Complement Interaction Network
... complex and complicated task is fulfilled by a tailored and carefully balanced network of various soluble and membrane-bound proteins, which react with each other, with pathogenic proteins, or with surface structures (Walport 2001). For example, the complement component C3 alone is known to interact ...
... complex and complicated task is fulfilled by a tailored and carefully balanced network of various soluble and membrane-bound proteins, which react with each other, with pathogenic proteins, or with surface structures (Walport 2001). For example, the complement component C3 alone is known to interact ...
Gene Section KSR1 (kinase suppressor of ras 1)
... KNO3, KRT24, KSR1, LGALS9, LYZL6, MIR144, MIR451 (NCBI). ...
... KNO3, KRT24, KSR1, LGALS9, LYZL6, MIR144, MIR451 (NCBI). ...
Molecular Machinery Regulating Exocytosis
... despite there being less than 10% sequence identity between the individual proteins. These C-terminal domains consist of multiple rod-like helical bundles, which appear to be evolutionarily related molecular scaffolds that have diverged to create functionally distinct exocyst proteins (Sivaram, et a ...
... despite there being less than 10% sequence identity between the individual proteins. These C-terminal domains consist of multiple rod-like helical bundles, which appear to be evolutionarily related molecular scaffolds that have diverged to create functionally distinct exocyst proteins (Sivaram, et a ...
wsp Gene Sequences from the Wolbachia of Filarial Nematodes
... coded by multicopy genes [13, 14]. For example, Ehrlichia chaffensis has at least six copies (tandemly arranged with intergenic spacers) of the gene coding for the major outer membrane proteins [13]. The proteins coded by these genes show up to approximately 20% amino acid difference. Trees based on ...
... coded by multicopy genes [13, 14]. For example, Ehrlichia chaffensis has at least six copies (tandemly arranged with intergenic spacers) of the gene coding for the major outer membrane proteins [13]. The proteins coded by these genes show up to approximately 20% amino acid difference. Trees based on ...
Conserved mechanisms of Ras regulation of evolutionary
... mechanisms of regulation, we have studied activation of several ets factors by Ras expression. We show that expression of Ha-Ras strongly activates the Ets1 p68 and p54 isoforms and Ets2 in F9 EC cells. We have mapped the Ras responsive elements of Ets1 p68 to two domains, RI+II and RIII. Mutation o ...
... mechanisms of regulation, we have studied activation of several ets factors by Ras expression. We show that expression of Ha-Ras strongly activates the Ets1 p68 and p54 isoforms and Ets2 in F9 EC cells. We have mapped the Ras responsive elements of Ets1 p68 to two domains, RI+II and RIII. Mutation o ...
Microscopy Microanalysis
... presence or absence of calcium ions—and their effect on calcite precipitation was assessed. Scanning electron microscopy observations and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry analysis showed that CPS and EPS fractions were involved in calcium carbonate precipitation, not only serving as nucleation s ...
... presence or absence of calcium ions—and their effect on calcite precipitation was assessed. Scanning electron microscopy observations and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry analysis showed that CPS and EPS fractions were involved in calcium carbonate precipitation, not only serving as nucleation s ...
Article On the Complexity of Chloroplast RNA
... by immunoblotting, which showed that they all accumulated PsaA protein in amounts similar to the WT (fig. 3A and supplementary fig. S4, Supplementary Material online). RNA blot hybridization further showed that the intron-less psaA mRNA accumulates in these strains to levels similar to the trans-spl ...
... by immunoblotting, which showed that they all accumulated PsaA protein in amounts similar to the WT (fig. 3A and supplementary fig. S4, Supplementary Material online). RNA blot hybridization further showed that the intron-less psaA mRNA accumulates in these strains to levels similar to the trans-spl ...
Protein moonlighting
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3EL3.png?width=300)
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.