T1 transgenic tobacco plants
... is an urgent issue in order to protect the world’s food safety nowadays. Current preserving method such as drying, mixing with inert dust, or stirring are time-consuming and inefficient, while chemical treatment may cause risks of environmental pollution and poisoning for humans and animals. Plant d ...
... is an urgent issue in order to protect the world’s food safety nowadays. Current preserving method such as drying, mixing with inert dust, or stirring are time-consuming and inefficient, while chemical treatment may cause risks of environmental pollution and poisoning for humans and animals. Plant d ...
The Cutting Edge of Affinity Electrophoresis Technology
... complex-formation processes that induce changes in the size or total charge of the molecules. Nucleic acid fragments can be characterized through their affinity to other molecules, for example transcriptional factor proteins. Hydrophobic membrane proteins can be identified by means of a shift in the ...
... complex-formation processes that induce changes in the size or total charge of the molecules. Nucleic acid fragments can be characterized through their affinity to other molecules, for example transcriptional factor proteins. Hydrophobic membrane proteins can be identified by means of a shift in the ...
Mitochondrial translation factors of Trypanosoma brucei: elongation
... mentation experiments shows that this subdomain is essential for EF-Tu function, but that it can be replaced by a similar sequence found in eukaryotic EF-1a, the cytosolic counterpart of EF-Tu. A recent cryo-electron microscopy study revealed that trypanosomatid mitochondrial ribosomes have a unique ...
... mentation experiments shows that this subdomain is essential for EF-Tu function, but that it can be replaced by a similar sequence found in eukaryotic EF-1a, the cytosolic counterpart of EF-Tu. A recent cryo-electron microscopy study revealed that trypanosomatid mitochondrial ribosomes have a unique ...
RNA-binding proteins and RNA metabolism: a new scenario in the
... patients referring to our clinical Centre, showed that TARDBP and FUS/TLS genes are responsible for about 4-5% of fALS and 1-2% of sALS cases each (Corrado et al., 2009; 2010; Lagier-Tourenne et al., 2010). These genetic findings, together with anatomopathological observations showing that these two ...
... patients referring to our clinical Centre, showed that TARDBP and FUS/TLS genes are responsible for about 4-5% of fALS and 1-2% of sALS cases each (Corrado et al., 2009; 2010; Lagier-Tourenne et al., 2010). These genetic findings, together with anatomopathological observations showing that these two ...
Probable presence of an ubiquitous cryptic mitochondrial gene on
... potentially functional gau regions have been found in nuclear genomes. However, a recent bioinformatics study showed that several hypothetical overlapping mt genes could be predicted, including gau; this involves the possible import of the cytosolic AGR tRNA into the mitochondria and/or the expressi ...
... potentially functional gau regions have been found in nuclear genomes. However, a recent bioinformatics study showed that several hypothetical overlapping mt genes could be predicted, including gau; this involves the possible import of the cytosolic AGR tRNA into the mitochondria and/or the expressi ...
An immunoassay for atrazine using tunable immunosorbent Jae-Young Kim, Ashok Mulchandani,
... steps are not necessary. The developed immunoassay exhibited excellent selectivity against various pesticides such as paraoxon, carbaryl, and 2,4-D (data not shown). As expected, cross-reactivity was observed with the other triazines tested; however, the sensitivity was significantly lower with IC50 ...
... steps are not necessary. The developed immunoassay exhibited excellent selectivity against various pesticides such as paraoxon, carbaryl, and 2,4-D (data not shown). As expected, cross-reactivity was observed with the other triazines tested; however, the sensitivity was significantly lower with IC50 ...
Vaccinia Protein F12 Has Structural Similarity to Kinesin
... the central coiled stalk of the KHCs, followed by tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs) that bind cargo [23]. Both KHCs and KLCs have been implicated in attaching kinesin-1 to cargo [24]. KLCs bind diverse cargos through a 34-amino-acid TPR [25,26] comprising a repeating pattern of small and large amino ...
... the central coiled stalk of the KHCs, followed by tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs) that bind cargo [23]. Both KHCs and KLCs have been implicated in attaching kinesin-1 to cargo [24]. KLCs bind diverse cargos through a 34-amino-acid TPR [25,26] comprising a repeating pattern of small and large amino ...
- Wiley Online Library
... system (TTSS). TTSS-deficient mutants have a Hrp– phenotype, that is, they cannot elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) in non-host plants or pathogenesis in host plants. Mutations in effector genes typically have weak virulence phenotypes (apparently due to redundancy), but deletion of six open r ...
... system (TTSS). TTSS-deficient mutants have a Hrp– phenotype, that is, they cannot elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) in non-host plants or pathogenesis in host plants. Mutations in effector genes typically have weak virulence phenotypes (apparently due to redundancy), but deletion of six open r ...
Aberrant mRNA Transcripts and the Nonsense
... and Barta, 2008). Thus, although some cross-contamination is expected, the fractions are enriched as expected for nucleoplasmic or nucleolar snRNAs. For virtually all of the genes tested, fully spliced transcripts were more abundant in nucleoplasmic RNA, while the higher molecular weight transcripts ...
... and Barta, 2008). Thus, although some cross-contamination is expected, the fractions are enriched as expected for nucleoplasmic or nucleolar snRNAs. For virtually all of the genes tested, fully spliced transcripts were more abundant in nucleoplasmic RNA, while the higher molecular weight transcripts ...
Glycoxidation of biological macromolecules: A critical
... In diabetes, hyperglycemia induces modification of plasma and tissue proteins by nonenzymatic glycation, a gradual process that culminates with the formation of irreversible AGE. AGE accumulates particularly at sites of atherosclerotic lesions, but the mechanisms whereby AGE contributes to diabetes-i ...
... In diabetes, hyperglycemia induces modification of plasma and tissue proteins by nonenzymatic glycation, a gradual process that culminates with the formation of irreversible AGE. AGE accumulates particularly at sites of atherosclerotic lesions, but the mechanisms whereby AGE contributes to diabetes-i ...
生物核磁共振波谱学NMR in Biological Science 闫永彬博士Yong
... Equilibrium NMR studies of unfolded and partially folded proteins Kinetic studies of protein folding using NMR spectroscopy Hydrogen Exchange in proteins using NMR Nucleic acids structure X-ray crystallography and NMR Nucleic acids structure NMR structures of large proteins and protein ...
... Equilibrium NMR studies of unfolded and partially folded proteins Kinetic studies of protein folding using NMR spectroscopy Hydrogen Exchange in proteins using NMR Nucleic acids structure X-ray crystallography and NMR Nucleic acids structure NMR structures of large proteins and protein ...
Phototropism: Growing towards an Understanding of
... Phototropism, or the differential cell elongation exhibited by a plant organ in response to directional blue light, provides the plant with a means to optimize photosynthetic light capture in the aerial portion and water and nutrient acquisition in the roots. Tremendous advances have been made in ou ...
... Phototropism, or the differential cell elongation exhibited by a plant organ in response to directional blue light, provides the plant with a means to optimize photosynthetic light capture in the aerial portion and water and nutrient acquisition in the roots. Tremendous advances have been made in ou ...
Aberrant mRNA Transcripts and the Nonsense
... and Barta, 2008). Thus, although some cross-contamination is expected, the fractions are enriched as expected for nucleoplasmic or nucleolar snRNAs. For virtually all of the genes tested, fully spliced transcripts were more abundant in nucleoplasmic RNA, while the higher molecular weight transcripts ...
... and Barta, 2008). Thus, although some cross-contamination is expected, the fractions are enriched as expected for nucleoplasmic or nucleolar snRNAs. For virtually all of the genes tested, fully spliced transcripts were more abundant in nucleoplasmic RNA, while the higher molecular weight transcripts ...
Storage lipids of yeasts: a survey of nonpolar lipid metabolism in
... discussed later in this review. Interestingly, Athenstaedt and Daum (2000) showed that Ayr1p is the only 1-acylDHAP reductase in LD, because deletion of this gene resulted in complete loss of activity in this fraction. In contrast, the ER fractions from ayr1Δ deletion strains still showed low 1-acyl ...
... discussed later in this review. Interestingly, Athenstaedt and Daum (2000) showed that Ayr1p is the only 1-acylDHAP reductase in LD, because deletion of this gene resulted in complete loss of activity in this fraction. In contrast, the ER fractions from ayr1Δ deletion strains still showed low 1-acyl ...
functional and structural complexity of signal transduction via g
... and fall off dramatically in the N and C termini and in the extra- and intracellular loops. This pattern may suggest a molecular basis for ligand and G-protein selectivity. The construction and functional expression of receptor chimeras and of receptors with single amino acid exchanges led to the id ...
... and fall off dramatically in the N and C termini and in the extra- and intracellular loops. This pattern may suggest a molecular basis for ligand and G-protein selectivity. The construction and functional expression of receptor chimeras and of receptors with single amino acid exchanges led to the id ...
Regulation of Maltose Transport and Metabolism in Saccharomyces
... endocytosis and does not require the proteasome function (70,71). By using mutants deficient in performing protein ubiquitination, it has been proven that ubiquitin pathway is involved in degradation of maltose transporter (72,73). The catabolite inactivation of Mal61 requires two glucose-signaling ...
... endocytosis and does not require the proteasome function (70,71). By using mutants deficient in performing protein ubiquitination, it has been proven that ubiquitin pathway is involved in degradation of maltose transporter (72,73). The catabolite inactivation of Mal61 requires two glucose-signaling ...
Interaction of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase with the CAT
... to eNOS in endothelial caveolae. Almost all of the evidence for the existence of an arginine paradox has come from in vivo studies. The dependence of eNOS on extracellular arginine has been much more difficult to demonstrate in vitro. For example, in the very first report that demonstrated that endo ...
... to eNOS in endothelial caveolae. Almost all of the evidence for the existence of an arginine paradox has come from in vivo studies. The dependence of eNOS on extracellular arginine has been much more difficult to demonstrate in vitro. For example, in the very first report that demonstrated that endo ...
Functional Significance of the Alternative Transcript Processing of
... defined. These pathways, composed of both floral promoters and repressors, redundantly activate sets of genes that are necessary to form a floral meristem (reviewed by Levy and Dean, 1998; Simpson et al., 1999; Colasanti and Sundaresan, 2000; Samach and Coupland, 2000). The major floral repressors F ...
... defined. These pathways, composed of both floral promoters and repressors, redundantly activate sets of genes that are necessary to form a floral meristem (reviewed by Levy and Dean, 1998; Simpson et al., 1999; Colasanti and Sundaresan, 2000; Samach and Coupland, 2000). The major floral repressors F ...
A specific domain in α-catenin mediates binding to β
... Max-Planck Institute for Immunobiology, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) ...
... Max-Planck Institute for Immunobiology, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) ...
CONDENSIN AND COHESIN: MORE THAN CHROMOSOME
... and DNA repair, have identified mutations in these genes and have expanded our view of their functions. The effects of mutations in cohesin and condensin subunits are now being tested in specific functional assays to further explore their roles in gene regulation, DNA repair, cell-cycle checkpoints ...
... and DNA repair, have identified mutations in these genes and have expanded our view of their functions. The effects of mutations in cohesin and condensin subunits are now being tested in specific functional assays to further explore their roles in gene regulation, DNA repair, cell-cycle checkpoints ...
Control of GL2 expression in Arabidopsis leaves and trichomes
... GL2 gene • In order to look at where the GL2 gene was being translated, the researchers made a special T-DNA construct • It was composed of a 5’UTR 2,1kb fragment of the GL2 gene and the b-glucuronidase gene (GUS) – GL2::GUS, (essentially the GUS gene under the control of the GL2 promoter region) ...
... GL2 gene • In order to look at where the GL2 gene was being translated, the researchers made a special T-DNA construct • It was composed of a 5’UTR 2,1kb fragment of the GL2 gene and the b-glucuronidase gene (GUS) – GL2::GUS, (essentially the GUS gene under the control of the GL2 promoter region) ...
The Effect of OmpA Expression on Hfr Conjugation Efficiency
... made for each dilution. There is also a possibility the increased number of colonies counted on the C149 and C149 (pCCK06-1) plates are not statistically significant, as only one of several dilution plates contained countable (30 to 300) colonies. Duplicate or triplicate plates for each dilution wou ...
... made for each dilution. There is also a possibility the increased number of colonies counted on the C149 and C149 (pCCK06-1) plates are not statistically significant, as only one of several dilution plates contained countable (30 to 300) colonies. Duplicate or triplicate plates for each dilution wou ...
VP5 autocleavage is required for efficient infection by in vitro
... for aquareovirus entry, a dual-expressed VP5 and VP7 (vAcGCRV-VP5/VP7) and singly expressed VP5 or VP7 (vAcGCRV-VP5 or vAcGCRV-VP7; data not shown) recombinant baculoviruses were constructed, respectively. In addition, to determine whether the N42 residue was responsible for autocleavage of VP5, a m ...
... for aquareovirus entry, a dual-expressed VP5 and VP7 (vAcGCRV-VP5/VP7) and singly expressed VP5 or VP7 (vAcGCRV-VP5 or vAcGCRV-VP7; data not shown) recombinant baculoviruses were constructed, respectively. In addition, to determine whether the N42 residue was responsible for autocleavage of VP5, a m ...
Processing of 20S prerRNA to 18S ribosomal RNA in yeast requires
... process, numerous ribosomal and non-ribosomal proteins associate with the pre-rRNA intermediates to generate the pre-60S and 43S pre-ribosomal subunits, precursors to the 60S and 40S ribosomal subunits, respectively. These preribosomal subunits are eventually exported to the cytoplasm, where the ®na ...
... process, numerous ribosomal and non-ribosomal proteins associate with the pre-rRNA intermediates to generate the pre-60S and 43S pre-ribosomal subunits, precursors to the 60S and 40S ribosomal subunits, respectively. These preribosomal subunits are eventually exported to the cytoplasm, where the ®na ...
Brassinosteroid Signal Transduction from Receptor Kinases to
... and its homologs (SERK1 and SERK4) confirmed their essential roles in BR signaling, as well as in additional pathways (3, 28). The kinase domains of BRI1 and BAK1 interact with and trans-phosphorylate each other in vitro and in yeast (52, 60), and their in vivo interaction has been detected by coimmu ...
... and its homologs (SERK1 and SERK4) confirmed their essential roles in BR signaling, as well as in additional pathways (3, 28). The kinase domains of BRI1 and BAK1 interact with and trans-phosphorylate each other in vitro and in yeast (52, 60), and their in vivo interaction has been detected by coimmu ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.