Rapid Reversion from Monomer to Dimer
... promoting the recruitment or activation of transcription factors and/or chromatin-remodeling proteins. However, the processes involved in transcriptional regulation by UVR8 are not understood. Map-based cloning of the UVR8 gene revealed that it encodes a seven-bladed b-propeller protein (Kliebenstei ...
... promoting the recruitment or activation of transcription factors and/or chromatin-remodeling proteins. However, the processes involved in transcriptional regulation by UVR8 are not understood. Map-based cloning of the UVR8 gene revealed that it encodes a seven-bladed b-propeller protein (Kliebenstei ...
Metabolite transport across the peroxisomal membrane
... is required for the β-oxidation of lauric acid (C12:0 ), but not for the β-oxidation of oleic acid (C18:1 ). MCFAs (medium-chain fatty acids), such as lauric acid, are activated in the peroxisomal matrix by Faa2p, whereas oleic acid is most likely to be imported into the peroxisome as a CoA ester. T ...
... is required for the β-oxidation of lauric acid (C12:0 ), but not for the β-oxidation of oleic acid (C18:1 ). MCFAs (medium-chain fatty acids), such as lauric acid, are activated in the peroxisomal matrix by Faa2p, whereas oleic acid is most likely to be imported into the peroxisome as a CoA ester. T ...
DnaJ-related protein essential for placentation - Development
... expressed on the basal surface of the chorion (Gurtner et al., 1995; Kwee et al., 1995; Yang et al., 1995). Deficiencies in either VCAM1 or α4 integrin result in failure of chorioallantoic fusion in mice (Gurtner et al., 1995; Kwee et al., 1995; Yang et al., 1995). However, this phenotype occurs in ...
... expressed on the basal surface of the chorion (Gurtner et al., 1995; Kwee et al., 1995; Yang et al., 1995). Deficiencies in either VCAM1 or α4 integrin result in failure of chorioallantoic fusion in mice (Gurtner et al., 1995; Kwee et al., 1995; Yang et al., 1995). However, this phenotype occurs in ...
Two Microtubule-Associated Proteins of the
... polymerization. It also induced the formation of large microtubule bundles by forming cross-bridges between microtubules evenly along the whole length of microtubules. In the presence of AtMAP65-1, microtubule bundles were more resistant to cold and dilution treatments. AtMAP65-6, however, demonstra ...
... polymerization. It also induced the formation of large microtubule bundles by forming cross-bridges between microtubules evenly along the whole length of microtubules. In the presence of AtMAP65-1, microtubule bundles were more resistant to cold and dilution treatments. AtMAP65-6, however, demonstra ...
A new type of plant chitinase containing LysM domains from a fern
... et al. 1993; Graham and Sticklen 1994). However, an endogenous substrate for plant chitinases has not yet been found. In the absence of an endogenous substrate, plant chitinases may be involved in the interaction between plants and microbes, which produce chitin and chitin-related compounds. One of ...
... et al. 1993; Graham and Sticklen 1994). However, an endogenous substrate for plant chitinases has not yet been found. In the absence of an endogenous substrate, plant chitinases may be involved in the interaction between plants and microbes, which produce chitin and chitin-related compounds. One of ...
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... For example, contractile signaling in the gastrointestinal smooth muscle [3] can include acetylcholine stimulation of M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors, ATP/UTP stimulation of P2Y2 receptors, S1P stimulation of S1P2 receptors and NPY/PP stimulation of Y2/Y4 receptors. In the vascular smooth muscle [5], ...
... For example, contractile signaling in the gastrointestinal smooth muscle [3] can include acetylcholine stimulation of M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors, ATP/UTP stimulation of P2Y2 receptors, S1P stimulation of S1P2 receptors and NPY/PP stimulation of Y2/Y4 receptors. In the vascular smooth muscle [5], ...
Intermediate Filaments Regulate Tissue Size and Stiffness in the
... properties. The models used were mixed general linear models that used type III sums of squares to evaluate the significance of covariate effects. Two lenses were tested from each mouse, and because stiffness and resilience values from lens pairs tended to resemble each other more than values from o ...
... properties. The models used were mixed general linear models that used type III sums of squares to evaluate the significance of covariate effects. Two lenses were tested from each mouse, and because stiffness and resilience values from lens pairs tended to resemble each other more than values from o ...
A Novel Plant Major Intrinsic Protein in Physcomitrella patens Most
... encode MIP peptides that are very unlike previously known plant MIPs. Sequencing of PPAS020308 revealed a 1,602-bp-long cDNA insert with an open reading frame of 1,113 bp. Alignments with other MIPs support that this open reading frame contains the complete coding sequence. To ensure that the cDNA c ...
... encode MIP peptides that are very unlike previously known plant MIPs. Sequencing of PPAS020308 revealed a 1,602-bp-long cDNA insert with an open reading frame of 1,113 bp. Alignments with other MIPs support that this open reading frame contains the complete coding sequence. To ensure that the cDNA c ...
Gelatin fragments block adherence of Candida
... 0.1 M acetic acid and lyophilized. Equal amounts of gelatin (100 mg) and CNBr (100 mg) in 0.1 M HC1 (20 ml) were then incubated at 40 OC for 4 h. This was desalted on a Biogel P-2 column into 0.1 M acetic acid and lyophilized. The lyophilized CNBr-treated gelatin fragments were dissolved in 6 ml 0.1 ...
... 0.1 M acetic acid and lyophilized. Equal amounts of gelatin (100 mg) and CNBr (100 mg) in 0.1 M HC1 (20 ml) were then incubated at 40 OC for 4 h. This was desalted on a Biogel P-2 column into 0.1 M acetic acid and lyophilized. The lyophilized CNBr-treated gelatin fragments were dissolved in 6 ml 0.1 ...
A. thaliana - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... Transformation with A. lyrata S-locus alleles restores SI in A. thaliana ...
... Transformation with A. lyrata S-locus alleles restores SI in A. thaliana ...
Gene Section ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... 680 amino acids, 80 kDa; N-term 116 amino acids from NPM1 fused to the 563 C-term aminoacids of ALK (i.e. composed of the oligomerization domain and the metal binding site of NPM1, and the entire cytoplasmic portion of ALK); no apparent expression of the ALK/NPM1 counterpart. Characteristic localisa ...
... 680 amino acids, 80 kDa; N-term 116 amino acids from NPM1 fused to the 563 C-term aminoacids of ALK (i.e. composed of the oligomerization domain and the metal binding site of NPM1, and the entire cytoplasmic portion of ALK); no apparent expression of the ALK/NPM1 counterpart. Characteristic localisa ...
Specific amino acids in the BAR domain allow homodimerization
... the functional versatility of the corresponding proteins, as the heterodimers may have different functions or subcellular localizations than the homodimers. However, the molecular mechanisms, which determine whether a BAR domain is able to form heterodimers, remain unknown. In order to address this ...
... the functional versatility of the corresponding proteins, as the heterodimers may have different functions or subcellular localizations than the homodimers. However, the molecular mechanisms, which determine whether a BAR domain is able to form heterodimers, remain unknown. In order to address this ...
Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Ribosome
... Vecchio Blanco et al., 1997). Importantly, the data indicated that highly conserved hydrophobic residues reported in the N-terminal region of all other RIPs, such as a Tyr-14 and Phe-17 (Funatsu et al., 1991) were found in the N-terminal region of the hairy root RIP. Based on these results, we concl ...
... Vecchio Blanco et al., 1997). Importantly, the data indicated that highly conserved hydrophobic residues reported in the N-terminal region of all other RIPs, such as a Tyr-14 and Phe-17 (Funatsu et al., 1991) were found in the N-terminal region of the hairy root RIP. Based on these results, we concl ...
Translocation of DNA across Bacterial Membranes
... DNA and prevents degradation by the RecBCD enzyme. The basic character of gp2 (18% basic amino acids) supports the idea of DNA binding, but it has not yet been shown by experiment (181). Therefore, it cannot be decided whether gp2 is attached to one end (e.g., that translocated at first) or to both ...
... DNA and prevents degradation by the RecBCD enzyme. The basic character of gp2 (18% basic amino acids) supports the idea of DNA binding, but it has not yet been shown by experiment (181). Therefore, it cannot be decided whether gp2 is attached to one end (e.g., that translocated at first) or to both ...
Chapter 4: EXTENSIONS OF MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
... Although many alleles display a simple dominant/recessive relationship, geneticists have also identified some cases in which a heterozygote exhibits incomplete dominance—a condition in which the phenotype is intermediate between the corresponding homozygous individuals. In 1905, the German botanist ...
... Although many alleles display a simple dominant/recessive relationship, geneticists have also identified some cases in which a heterozygote exhibits incomplete dominance—a condition in which the phenotype is intermediate between the corresponding homozygous individuals. In 1905, the German botanist ...
A Novel Plant Major Intrinsic Protein in
... encode MIP peptides that are very unlike previously known plant MIPs. Sequencing of PPAS020308 revealed a 1,602-bp-long cDNA insert with an open reading frame of 1,113 bp. Alignments with other MIPs support that this open reading frame contains the complete coding sequence. To ensure that the cDNA c ...
... encode MIP peptides that are very unlike previously known plant MIPs. Sequencing of PPAS020308 revealed a 1,602-bp-long cDNA insert with an open reading frame of 1,113 bp. Alignments with other MIPs support that this open reading frame contains the complete coding sequence. To ensure that the cDNA c ...
Extreme sweetness: protein glycosylation in archaea
... ago, detailed insights into this process have become possible only recently, with the availability of complete genome sequences for almost 200 archaeal species and the development of appropriate molecular tools. As a result of these advances, recent efforts have not only succeeded in delineating the ...
... ago, detailed insights into this process have become possible only recently, with the availability of complete genome sequences for almost 200 archaeal species and the development of appropriate molecular tools. As a result of these advances, recent efforts have not only succeeded in delineating the ...
Glycerolipid transfer for the building of membranes in plant cells.
... this family was DRS2, a yeast translocase [28]. The drs2 mutant is cold-sensitive and has no asymmetrical accumulation of PS in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Although the initial study was controversial, new data supports the proposal that DRS2 plays a role in the translocation of lipid ...
... this family was DRS2, a yeast translocase [28]. The drs2 mutant is cold-sensitive and has no asymmetrical accumulation of PS in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Although the initial study was controversial, new data supports the proposal that DRS2 plays a role in the translocation of lipid ...
What makes the bacteriophage λ Red system useful for genetic
... based on these observations, as well as on extensive studies of E. coli recombination functions. This mechanism accounts fairly well for events in the absence of RecG; in the presence of RecG, this particular pathway is partly impeded, but, evidently, others become available [21]. 5. Use of Red in g ...
... based on these observations, as well as on extensive studies of E. coli recombination functions. This mechanism accounts fairly well for events in the absence of RecG; in the presence of RecG, this particular pathway is partly impeded, but, evidently, others become available [21]. 5. Use of Red in g ...
Wk12-DeanApop
... may be involved in HBx/FasL • Nuclear factors of activated T-cells (NFAT): evidence for FasL regulatory role • Interferon response factor (IGF): binds FasL promoter • Nur77: regulates FasL expression in presence of HBx (even though it doesn’t seem to interact with FasL promoter) ...
... may be involved in HBx/FasL • Nuclear factors of activated T-cells (NFAT): evidence for FasL regulatory role • Interferon response factor (IGF): binds FasL promoter • Nur77: regulates FasL expression in presence of HBx (even though it doesn’t seem to interact with FasL promoter) ...
Gene Section ID4 (inhibitor of DNA binding 4, dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein)
... significant risk factor for nodal metastasis (Umetani et al., 2006). In another study, BRCA1, ER (estrogen receptor), and ID4 were found expressed in breast cancer specimens from patients with invasive carcinomas. Most of the patients who expressed BRCA1 also expressed ER, but were negative for ID4, ...
... significant risk factor for nodal metastasis (Umetani et al., 2006). In another study, BRCA1, ER (estrogen receptor), and ID4 were found expressed in breast cancer specimens from patients with invasive carcinomas. Most of the patients who expressed BRCA1 also expressed ER, but were negative for ID4, ...
Degradation of Organelles or Specific Organelle Components via
... proteins termed ATI1 and ATI2, was recently identified in Arabidopsis plants [46]. These proteins are specific to plants [46] and apparently bind to more than one ATG8 isoform [47]. A closer examination of ATI1 fused to GFP as a representative revealed that under regular, non-stress growth condition ...
... proteins termed ATI1 and ATI2, was recently identified in Arabidopsis plants [46]. These proteins are specific to plants [46] and apparently bind to more than one ATG8 isoform [47]. A closer examination of ATI1 fused to GFP as a representative revealed that under regular, non-stress growth condition ...
ATK1 is required for male meiotic spindle
... affect microtubule stability. Non-motor flanking region(s) of kinesins are highly diverged and are thought to have a variety of functions, including organelle translocation, vesicle deposition, mitosis and cytokinesis. Several kinesins have been found to be associated with mitosis and/or meiosis (En ...
... affect microtubule stability. Non-motor flanking region(s) of kinesins are highly diverged and are thought to have a variety of functions, including organelle translocation, vesicle deposition, mitosis and cytokinesis. Several kinesins have been found to be associated with mitosis and/or meiosis (En ...
Chapter 33 Slides
... Four common features Proteins are made as preproteins containing domains that act as sorting signals Membranes involved in protein translocation have specific receptors on their cytosolic faces Translocases catalyze the movement of the proteins across the membrane with metabolic energy (ATP, GTP, io ...
... Four common features Proteins are made as preproteins containing domains that act as sorting signals Membranes involved in protein translocation have specific receptors on their cytosolic faces Translocases catalyze the movement of the proteins across the membrane with metabolic energy (ATP, GTP, io ...
THE DYNAMIN SUPERFAMILY: UNIVERSAL MEMBRANE
... the functions of the multiple isoforms in mammals. Mammalian dynamins 1 and 2 have been shown to have a role in scission of CCVs. In this process, the membrane invaginates to engulf cargo into CLATHRIN-COATED PITS (CCPs), which are eventually detached from the parent membrane with the aid of dynamin ...
... the functions of the multiple isoforms in mammals. Mammalian dynamins 1 and 2 have been shown to have a role in scission of CCVs. In this process, the membrane invaginates to engulf cargo into CLATHRIN-COATED PITS (CCPs), which are eventually detached from the parent membrane with the aid of dynamin ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.