Bio-Energetics - mynoteslibrary
... from the nucleus to cytoplasm, vesicles are moved fromGolgi bodies to the plasma membrane, ions are pumped across the membranes etc. For these high level of activities, a cell needs energy. The energy is used as fuel for life which is derived from light energy trapped by plant cells and converted in ...
... from the nucleus to cytoplasm, vesicles are moved fromGolgi bodies to the plasma membrane, ions are pumped across the membranes etc. For these high level of activities, a cell needs energy. The energy is used as fuel for life which is derived from light energy trapped by plant cells and converted in ...
ATP
... CYCLE Occurs in the stroma. • The Calvin cycle makes sugar from carbon dioxide 1.ATP generated by the light reactions provides the energy for sugar synthesis 2.The NADPH produced by the light reactions provides the electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose. Carbon Dioxide is used to m ...
... CYCLE Occurs in the stroma. • The Calvin cycle makes sugar from carbon dioxide 1.ATP generated by the light reactions provides the energy for sugar synthesis 2.The NADPH produced by the light reactions provides the electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose. Carbon Dioxide is used to m ...
KINE 4010 Mock Midterm #1
... 6. Which of the following would increase the rate of glycolysis the most? a) Increasing free ADP; the activator of PFK b) Increasing the amount of glucose in the cell c) Increasing the total number of glycolytic enzymes in the cell d) A and B increase the rate of glycolysis equally e) A and C increa ...
... 6. Which of the following would increase the rate of glycolysis the most? a) Increasing free ADP; the activator of PFK b) Increasing the amount of glucose in the cell c) Increasing the total number of glycolytic enzymes in the cell d) A and B increase the rate of glycolysis equally e) A and C increa ...
Assignment 5 Bioenergy/ Photosynthesis
... A. Sunlight strikes two separate chlorophyll based photosynthetic pigment systems (remarkably called Photosystem I (PSI) and Photosystem II (PSII)) which excite two electrons within a core magnesium atom of each pigment system (labelled P680 and P700 in the figure below the numbers refer to the wave ...
... A. Sunlight strikes two separate chlorophyll based photosynthetic pigment systems (remarkably called Photosystem I (PSI) and Photosystem II (PSII)) which excite two electrons within a core magnesium atom of each pigment system (labelled P680 and P700 in the figure below the numbers refer to the wave ...
Competency 3 - broward.k12.fl.us
... • Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme • Energy is harnessed in an electron transport chain ...
... • Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme • Energy is harnessed in an electron transport chain ...
Microbiology Ch 3 p18-37 [4-20
... -some proteins aid the process by modifying or concentrating substrates in the periplasmic space of gram-negatives; these binding proteins are specific for sugars, nucleotides, etc.. -periplasmic space also contains nucleotidases, nucleases, peptidases, proteases, and other hydrolytic enzymes -actua ...
... -some proteins aid the process by modifying or concentrating substrates in the periplasmic space of gram-negatives; these binding proteins are specific for sugars, nucleotides, etc.. -periplasmic space also contains nucleotidases, nucleases, peptidases, proteases, and other hydrolytic enzymes -actua ...
Respiration
... intermembrance space B. Electrons are transported across the membrane using ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) and cytochrome C ...
... intermembrance space B. Electrons are transported across the membrane using ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) and cytochrome C ...
History of the word photosynthesis and evolution of
... Photosynthesis is a series of processes in which electromagnetic energy is converted to chemical energy used for biosynthesis of organic cell materials; a photosynthetic organism is one in which a major fraction of the energy required for cellular syntheses is supplied by light. Molecular oxygen and ...
... Photosynthesis is a series of processes in which electromagnetic energy is converted to chemical energy used for biosynthesis of organic cell materials; a photosynthetic organism is one in which a major fraction of the energy required for cellular syntheses is supplied by light. Molecular oxygen and ...
BIS103-002 (Spring 2008) - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... combination of the reactions catalyzed by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA synthetase). Initially, the energy released during the oxidation step is captured to form a thioester (covalently linked to glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase in glycolysis; succinyl-CoA in the TCA cycle). This th ...
... combination of the reactions catalyzed by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA synthetase). Initially, the energy released during the oxidation step is captured to form a thioester (covalently linked to glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase in glycolysis; succinyl-CoA in the TCA cycle). This th ...
Organic Review Worksheet and Problem Set
... The solid copper atoms (Cu0) lost negatively charged electrons, thus becoming positively charged Cu2+ ions. Since the copper atoms lost electrons, the copper is oxidized. At the same time, the positively charged silver ions each gained a negatively charged electron and became insoluble, solid silver ...
... The solid copper atoms (Cu0) lost negatively charged electrons, thus becoming positively charged Cu2+ ions. Since the copper atoms lost electrons, the copper is oxidized. At the same time, the positively charged silver ions each gained a negatively charged electron and became insoluble, solid silver ...
Cellular Respiration - Cathedral High School
... An anaerobic process that reduces pyruvate to either lactate or alcohol and CO2 NADH passes its electrons to pyruvate Alcoholic fermentation, carried out by yeasts, produces carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol ...
... An anaerobic process that reduces pyruvate to either lactate or alcohol and CO2 NADH passes its electrons to pyruvate Alcoholic fermentation, carried out by yeasts, produces carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol ...
1. Introduction
... wide range of species: in fact, the metabolic pathways of the central carbon metabolism (primary metabolism) are basically identical between different yeast species, suggesting that these microorganisms might constitute, in some way, an homogenous group. However, the same metabolic capabilities can ...
... wide range of species: in fact, the metabolic pathways of the central carbon metabolism (primary metabolism) are basically identical between different yeast species, suggesting that these microorganisms might constitute, in some way, an homogenous group. However, the same metabolic capabilities can ...
Lipids MCAS Practice Name: Date: 1. All living things contain which
... food is placed on the paper and a spot forms which will allow light to pass through it. Which food would give the most positive test for lipids? ...
... food is placed on the paper and a spot forms which will allow light to pass through it. Which food would give the most positive test for lipids? ...
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Part 2
... – Redox reactions of electron transport chains generate a H+ gradient across a membrane ...
... – Redox reactions of electron transport chains generate a H+ gradient across a membrane ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... in the citric acid cycle to form NADH and FADH2 • Stage 3: electrons are funneled into a chain of electron carriers reducing O2 to H2O. This electron flow drives the production of ATP. ...
... in the citric acid cycle to form NADH and FADH2 • Stage 3: electrons are funneled into a chain of electron carriers reducing O2 to H2O. This electron flow drives the production of ATP. ...
File
... • Mitochondria can fuse with one another, or split in two. – The balance between fusion and fission is likely a major determinant of mitochondrial number, length, and degree of interconnection. ...
... • Mitochondria can fuse with one another, or split in two. – The balance between fusion and fission is likely a major determinant of mitochondrial number, length, and degree of interconnection. ...
Mitochondrial Lab - University of Colorado Denver
... and the Hydrogen atoms (actually hydride) from the chemical bonds and gives them to FAD FAD becomes FADH2 FADH2 transfers the electrons to the electron transport chain. Energy from excited electrons used to make ATP ...
... and the Hydrogen atoms (actually hydride) from the chemical bonds and gives them to FAD FAD becomes FADH2 FADH2 transfers the electrons to the electron transport chain. Energy from excited electrons used to make ATP ...
25.4 ATP yield
... phate bonds required to activate the fatty acid as two AIP molecules. We can do this because hydrolysis of one molecule of AIP to AMP and 2P; is equivalent to the hydrolysis of 2AIP to 2ADP andzPi. Table 25.1 shows that for every molecule of palmitic acid completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and wa ...
... phate bonds required to activate the fatty acid as two AIP molecules. We can do this because hydrolysis of one molecule of AIP to AMP and 2P; is equivalent to the hydrolysis of 2AIP to 2ADP andzPi. Table 25.1 shows that for every molecule of palmitic acid completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and wa ...
1 Bacteria and Archaea
... cyanobacteria started living in larger cells. The bacteria made food for themselves and the larger cells. The larger cells gave the bacteria protection. This relationship may have led to the first plant cells. 4. heat lovers, salt lovers, methane makers 5. Yes; although some archaea can live in hars ...
... cyanobacteria started living in larger cells. The bacteria made food for themselves and the larger cells. The larger cells gave the bacteria protection. This relationship may have led to the first plant cells. 4. heat lovers, salt lovers, methane makers 5. Yes; although some archaea can live in hars ...
Lecture 38 - Amino Acid Metabolism 1
... works in concert with glutamine synthetase to replenish glutamate so that the glutamine synthetase reaction is not substrate limited. Glutamate dehydrogenase - is found in all organisms and it interconverts glutamate, NH4+, and a-ketoglutarate in a redox reaction utilizing either ...
... works in concert with glutamine synthetase to replenish glutamate so that the glutamine synthetase reaction is not substrate limited. Glutamate dehydrogenase - is found in all organisms and it interconverts glutamate, NH4+, and a-ketoglutarate in a redox reaction utilizing either ...
sample exam 2010
... a. a sieving medium through which DNA fragments are moved by gravitational forces b. repulsion of charged DNA molecules by the electrically charged gel beads c. a sieving medium through which DNA molecules are moved by electrical forces d. movement through a sieving medium by positively charged DNA ...
... a. a sieving medium through which DNA fragments are moved by gravitational forces b. repulsion of charged DNA molecules by the electrically charged gel beads c. a sieving medium through which DNA molecules are moved by electrical forces d. movement through a sieving medium by positively charged DNA ...
Bioenergy – Chances and Limits
... to Fe. They exhibit activities for H2 production and H2 oxidation that are comparable, on a per site basis, to Pt. Likewise copper (Cu) enzymes known as ‘blue’ Cu oxidases reduce O2 to water at smaller overpotentials than Pt and even Pt3Ni. In photosynthesis, the water-oxidizing manganese (Mn) compl ...
... to Fe. They exhibit activities for H2 production and H2 oxidation that are comparable, on a per site basis, to Pt. Likewise copper (Cu) enzymes known as ‘blue’ Cu oxidases reduce O2 to water at smaller overpotentials than Pt and even Pt3Ni. In photosynthesis, the water-oxidizing manganese (Mn) compl ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)