54 Cyanobacteria and Fraser Island
... Like all forms of life cyanobacteria are very vulnerable to the damaging UV rays of the sun, particularly as they occur on outer surfaces. To protect themselves from UV, cyanobacteria use ferrous iron to aid in pigmentation. This is their sunscreen. On Fraser Island sesqui-oxides form films around t ...
... Like all forms of life cyanobacteria are very vulnerable to the damaging UV rays of the sun, particularly as they occur on outer surfaces. To protect themselves from UV, cyanobacteria use ferrous iron to aid in pigmentation. This is their sunscreen. On Fraser Island sesqui-oxides form films around t ...
chapter review questions
... deposit it in cells To convert fat to protein To maintain blood glucose at around 70–110 mg/100 ml of blood To elevate blood glucose to the highest possible level to ensure adequate delivery to the brain ...
... deposit it in cells To convert fat to protein To maintain blood glucose at around 70–110 mg/100 ml of blood To elevate blood glucose to the highest possible level to ensure adequate delivery to the brain ...
Bis2A 5.5: Fermentation and regeneration of NAD+
... Imagine the world where fermentation is the primary mode for extracting energy from small molecules. As populations thrive, they reproduce and consume the abundance of small reduced organic molecules in the environment, producing acids. One consequence is the acidi cation (decrease of pH) of the env ...
... Imagine the world where fermentation is the primary mode for extracting energy from small molecules. As populations thrive, they reproduce and consume the abundance of small reduced organic molecules in the environment, producing acids. One consequence is the acidi cation (decrease of pH) of the env ...
Jeopardy 2
... during fermentation that allows cells to continue to make ATP using glycolysis when oxygen is low? A: What is NAD+? S2C06 Jeopardy Review Image modified from: Pearson Education Inc; publishing as Pearson Prenctice Hall © 2006 ...
... during fermentation that allows cells to continue to make ATP using glycolysis when oxygen is low? A: What is NAD+? S2C06 Jeopardy Review Image modified from: Pearson Education Inc; publishing as Pearson Prenctice Hall © 2006 ...
Key concepts for Essay #1
... affects the process of diffusion through a membrane _______________________ Max possible = 14 * No points if the lab will not work. **Osmosis: the diffusion of water through a selectively (semi)permeable membrane in the following directions: -from higher water potential toward lower water potential ...
... affects the process of diffusion through a membrane _______________________ Max possible = 14 * No points if the lab will not work. **Osmosis: the diffusion of water through a selectively (semi)permeable membrane in the following directions: -from higher water potential toward lower water potential ...
History of Life and Homologies
... embryos of different organisms resulting from common ancestry – Hox genes – the sections of the genome that allow embryos to develop structures in the correct place – Similarities in development in different species indicate common ancestry ...
... embryos of different organisms resulting from common ancestry – Hox genes – the sections of the genome that allow embryos to develop structures in the correct place – Similarities in development in different species indicate common ancestry ...
Selective production of acetone during continuous
... Lignocellulose material is by necessity resistant to physical, chemical, and biological attack, but it is of interest to biorefining because the cellulose and hemicellulose can be broken down through a process called hydrolysis to produce fermentable, simple sugars. Lignocellulosic biomass is often ...
... Lignocellulose material is by necessity resistant to physical, chemical, and biological attack, but it is of interest to biorefining because the cellulose and hemicellulose can be broken down through a process called hydrolysis to produce fermentable, simple sugars. Lignocellulosic biomass is often ...
Nucleotide Metabolism - Indiana University
... • Forms covalent link to enzyme like normal • No elimination possible because proton replaced with fluorine ...
... • Forms covalent link to enzyme like normal • No elimination possible because proton replaced with fluorine ...
Organic Chemistry #2 Vocabulary Adhesion Cohesion Atom
... o Valence shell enables easy formation of four covalent bonds o Covalent bonds involve ____sharing_________ of ___electrons_________ between two atoms ...
... o Valence shell enables easy formation of four covalent bonds o Covalent bonds involve ____sharing_________ of ___electrons_________ between two atoms ...
The Ocean Biosphere - USF College of Marine Science
... depth. For heterotrophs to survive, they have many adaptations in their bodies to withstand the 1 atmosphere increase with every 10 meters of water depth. Finally, both autotrophs and heterotrophs are influenced by salinity. Salinity can determine where organisms can or cannot survive. Some organism ...
... depth. For heterotrophs to survive, they have many adaptations in their bodies to withstand the 1 atmosphere increase with every 10 meters of water depth. Finally, both autotrophs and heterotrophs are influenced by salinity. Salinity can determine where organisms can or cannot survive. Some organism ...
Effects of oxygen on the growth and metabolism of Actinomyces
... A. viscosus, an organism generally considered as an anaerobe, grew with a 2.4-times higher yield in aerated cultures than under anaerobic conditions (Fig. 2). The growth yield in aerated cultures (Yglucose= 149 g-mo1-1) cannot be accounted for by a fermentative metabolism and strongly suggested citr ...
... A. viscosus, an organism generally considered as an anaerobe, grew with a 2.4-times higher yield in aerated cultures than under anaerobic conditions (Fig. 2). The growth yield in aerated cultures (Yglucose= 149 g-mo1-1) cannot be accounted for by a fermentative metabolism and strongly suggested citr ...
1 acetyl CoA - WordPress.com
... produces intermediates which are precursors for fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotide bases, and cholesterol The citric acid cycle may seem like an elaborate way to oxidize acetate into carbon dioxide, but there is chemical logic to the cycle. ...
... produces intermediates which are precursors for fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotide bases, and cholesterol The citric acid cycle may seem like an elaborate way to oxidize acetate into carbon dioxide, but there is chemical logic to the cycle. ...
The Origin of Life - The University of Texas at Dallas
... living thing? One way would be to look closely at the metabolic chart shown earlier, the diagram that maps the basic chemical reactions in all living systems. ...
... living thing? One way would be to look closely at the metabolic chart shown earlier, the diagram that maps the basic chemical reactions in all living systems. ...
09_Lecture_Presentation
... Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an or ...
... Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an or ...
Created with Sketch. Fermentation (word : 990 KB)
... to produce the 3-carbon compound known as pyruvate. During this process, some of the energy locked up in the sugar molecules is transferred to ATP molecules, the energy currency of the cell. The pyruvate can then undergo further breakdown to produce lactic acid (monolactate fermentation), ethanol (a ...
... to produce the 3-carbon compound known as pyruvate. During this process, some of the energy locked up in the sugar molecules is transferred to ATP molecules, the energy currency of the cell. The pyruvate can then undergo further breakdown to produce lactic acid (monolactate fermentation), ethanol (a ...
Fermentation - Science Learning Hub
... to produce the 3-carbon compound known as pyruvate. During this process, some of the energy locked up in the sugar molecules is transferred to ATP molecules, the energy currency of the cell. The pyruvate can then undergo further breakdown to produce lactic acid (monolactate fermentation), ethanol (a ...
... to produce the 3-carbon compound known as pyruvate. During this process, some of the energy locked up in the sugar molecules is transferred to ATP molecules, the energy currency of the cell. The pyruvate can then undergo further breakdown to produce lactic acid (monolactate fermentation), ethanol (a ...
Bioenergetics and High Energy Compounds
... combinations of these substances (3) synthesize & degrade molecules required for special functions in the cell ...
... combinations of these substances (3) synthesize & degrade molecules required for special functions in the cell ...
Secondary metabolism is a term for pathways and products
... 1. Energy is captured from the sunlight. 2. Light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. 3. Chemical energy is used to power the synthesis of organic molecules (e.g. carbohydrates) from carbon dioxide (CO2). Organic natural products are constructed of carbon, hydrogen ...
... 1. Energy is captured from the sunlight. 2. Light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. 3. Chemical energy is used to power the synthesis of organic molecules (e.g. carbohydrates) from carbon dioxide (CO2). Organic natural products are constructed of carbon, hydrogen ...
Metabolism
... – Excess excreted Glucose Catabolism • Also known as cellular respiration • Yields CO2, H2O and energy • Four general steps in process – Glycolysis – Formation of Acetyl CoA – Krebs cycle – Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis • Breakdown of 6-C molecule (glucose) to two 3-C molecules (pyruvic acid) ...
... – Excess excreted Glucose Catabolism • Also known as cellular respiration • Yields CO2, H2O and energy • Four general steps in process – Glycolysis – Formation of Acetyl CoA – Krebs cycle – Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis • Breakdown of 6-C molecule (glucose) to two 3-C molecules (pyruvic acid) ...
Ecosystem - WordPress.com
... e) Denitrification: Degradation of nitrate by denitrifers is known as denitrification. The anaerobic bacteria causes denitrification is Micrococcus denitrificans, Bacillus licheniforms. ...
... e) Denitrification: Degradation of nitrate by denitrifers is known as denitrification. The anaerobic bacteria causes denitrification is Micrococcus denitrificans, Bacillus licheniforms. ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)