Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of photoautotrophic
... In intensive aquaculture systems, ammonia–nitrogen buildup from the metabolism of feed is usually the second limiting factor to increase production levels after dissolved oxygen. The three nitrogen conversion pathways traditionally used for the removal of ammonia–nitrogen in aquaculture systems are ...
... In intensive aquaculture systems, ammonia–nitrogen buildup from the metabolism of feed is usually the second limiting factor to increase production levels after dissolved oxygen. The three nitrogen conversion pathways traditionally used for the removal of ammonia–nitrogen in aquaculture systems are ...
AP CHEMISTRY SUMMER 2016
... 71. A sample of carbon dioxide gas, CO2 (g), occupies a volume of 5.75 L at 0.890 atm. If the temperature and the number of moles remain constant, calculate the volume when the pressure a. increased to 1.25 atm b. decrease to 0.350 atm ...
... 71. A sample of carbon dioxide gas, CO2 (g), occupies a volume of 5.75 L at 0.890 atm. If the temperature and the number of moles remain constant, calculate the volume when the pressure a. increased to 1.25 atm b. decrease to 0.350 atm ...
Organic Compounds
... Nucleic acids are biological molecules essential for life, and include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Together with proteins, nucleic acids make up the most important and complex macromolecules. Found in abundance in all living things, they have function in encoding, transmi ...
... Nucleic acids are biological molecules essential for life, and include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Together with proteins, nucleic acids make up the most important and complex macromolecules. Found in abundance in all living things, they have function in encoding, transmi ...
09_Lecture_Presentation
... no release of CO2 Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
... no release of CO2 Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolysis
... (inhibited by PEP, stimulated by Pi). The reaction requires ATP or PPi. ...
... (inhibited by PEP, stimulated by Pi). The reaction requires ATP or PPi. ...
Chapter 4 Microbial Metabolism
... which organic molecules serve as both e donors and e acceptors. It 1. releases energy from organic molecules 2. does not require oxygen, but sometimes can occur in its presence 3. does not require use of the Krebs cycle or ETC 4. uses organic molecule as final electron acceptor (pyruvic acid or its ...
... which organic molecules serve as both e donors and e acceptors. It 1. releases energy from organic molecules 2. does not require oxygen, but sometimes can occur in its presence 3. does not require use of the Krebs cycle or ETC 4. uses organic molecule as final electron acceptor (pyruvic acid or its ...
04. Introduction to metabolism
... are oxidized to common metabolite (acetyl CoA) Stage III. Acetyl CoA is oxidized in citric acid cycle to CO2 and water. As result reduced cofactor, NADH2 and FADH2, are formed which give up their electrons. Electrons are transported via the tissue respiration chain and released energy is coupled dir ...
... are oxidized to common metabolite (acetyl CoA) Stage III. Acetyl CoA is oxidized in citric acid cycle to CO2 and water. As result reduced cofactor, NADH2 and FADH2, are formed which give up their electrons. Electrons are transported via the tissue respiration chain and released energy is coupled dir ...
11 BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS 1. 2 K + 1
... 1. Hydrogen burned in oxygen. ___ H2 + ___ O2 Æ ___ H2O 2. Sodium plus iodine. Æ 3. Calcium burned in chlorine. Æ 4. Carbon burned in oxygen. Æ 5. Hydrogen combined with nitrogen. Æ 6. Sulfur burned in air. Æ 7. Magnesium burned in hydrogen. Æ 8. Zinc plus bromine. Æ 9. Water plus carbon dioxide. Æ ...
... 1. Hydrogen burned in oxygen. ___ H2 + ___ O2 Æ ___ H2O 2. Sodium plus iodine. Æ 3. Calcium burned in chlorine. Æ 4. Carbon burned in oxygen. Æ 5. Hydrogen combined with nitrogen. Æ 6. Sulfur burned in air. Æ 7. Magnesium burned in hydrogen. Æ 8. Zinc plus bromine. Æ 9. Water plus carbon dioxide. Æ ...
exam2review_s09.cwk (WP)
... changes in environment. Each reaction is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. Every enzyme-catalyzed reaction represents a potential point of regulation (inhibition or activation). In catabolic pathways the starting compound (an energy source (food)) is continually oxidized and the electrons are gathered ...
... changes in environment. Each reaction is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. Every enzyme-catalyzed reaction represents a potential point of regulation (inhibition or activation). In catabolic pathways the starting compound (an energy source (food)) is continually oxidized and the electrons are gathered ...
Types of reactions: redox reactions
... As a reactant, chlorine has an oxidation number of zero, but as part of the product magnesium chloride, the element has an oxidation number of -1. Each chlorine atom has gained an electron and the element has therefore been reduced. The half-reaction for this change is: ...
... As a reactant, chlorine has an oxidation number of zero, but as part of the product magnesium chloride, the element has an oxidation number of -1. Each chlorine atom has gained an electron and the element has therefore been reduced. The half-reaction for this change is: ...
09_Lecture_Presentation
... Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an or ...
... Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an or ...
2 Lec 4 Muscle Metabolism V10
... • Citric acid cycle (cont.) • Transitional phase is where each pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) in three steps • Each acetic acid is decarboxylated and ...
... • Citric acid cycle (cont.) • Transitional phase is where each pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) in three steps • Each acetic acid is decarboxylated and ...
Macromolecules webquest answer key
... periodic table, reactions, and biochemistry. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 3 5. Functional groups can modify the properties of organic molecules. In the table below, To read a set of chromosomes, scientists look for key features to identify their similarities a ...
... periodic table, reactions, and biochemistry. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 3 5. Functional groups can modify the properties of organic molecules. In the table below, To read a set of chromosomes, scientists look for key features to identify their similarities a ...
BTEC National Unit 1 Energy Systems KW version
... Disadvantages Lactic acid is the by-product! The accumulation of acid in the body denatures enzymes and prevents them increasing the rate at which chemical reactions take place. Only a small amount of energy (5%) can be released from glycogen under anaerobic conditions (as opposed to 95% under aerob ...
... Disadvantages Lactic acid is the by-product! The accumulation of acid in the body denatures enzymes and prevents them increasing the rate at which chemical reactions take place. Only a small amount of energy (5%) can be released from glycogen under anaerobic conditions (as opposed to 95% under aerob ...
Chapter 8
... Autotrophs make their own food, either with energy from the sun or from inorganic substances. ...
... Autotrophs make their own food, either with energy from the sun or from inorganic substances. ...
metabolism - Doctor Jade Main
... sequential removal of 2-carbon units attaches them to coenzyme A which enters Krebs cycle for every 2 C fragments removed 12 ATPs made from processing acetyl coA in Krebs cycle fatty acids with odd number of carbons-broken to propionyl-CoA – 3 carbon compound cannot enter another round of oxidatio ...
... sequential removal of 2-carbon units attaches them to coenzyme A which enters Krebs cycle for every 2 C fragments removed 12 ATPs made from processing acetyl coA in Krebs cycle fatty acids with odd number of carbons-broken to propionyl-CoA – 3 carbon compound cannot enter another round of oxidatio ...
Chapter Nine - The Krebs Cycle
... • Hans Kreb discovered its cyclic nature • Goes by three names – Citric acid cycle – Tricarboxylic cycle – Krebs cycle ...
... • Hans Kreb discovered its cyclic nature • Goes by three names – Citric acid cycle – Tricarboxylic cycle – Krebs cycle ...
Hücrede Enerji Metabolizması
... • Need to regenerate ribulose 1,5phosphate for subsequent rubisco reactions • One of the two 3-phosphoglyserates goes towards regeneration. • Need to generate 5 carbon sugar from 3 carbon and 6 carbon sugars. • Most expensive part of RPP cycle. ...
... • Need to regenerate ribulose 1,5phosphate for subsequent rubisco reactions • One of the two 3-phosphoglyserates goes towards regeneration. • Need to generate 5 carbon sugar from 3 carbon and 6 carbon sugars. • Most expensive part of RPP cycle. ...
complex I
... - contains a variety of transport proteins that make it selectively permeable to those small molecules that are metabolized or required by the many mitochondrial enzymes concentrated in the matrix. - enzymes of the respiratory chain, are essential to the process of oxidative phosphorylation, which g ...
... - contains a variety of transport proteins that make it selectively permeable to those small molecules that are metabolized or required by the many mitochondrial enzymes concentrated in the matrix. - enzymes of the respiratory chain, are essential to the process of oxidative phosphorylation, which g ...
Exam 1 2007 - chem.uwec.edu
... 2. I just found a magazine add for a new athletic performance enhancing pill with “secret ingredients developed by a biochemist”. The ad claims that this pill will give you a competitive edge by mobilizing your “sugar reserves” during a race. We analyzed the pill and could only find caffeine and vi ...
... 2. I just found a magazine add for a new athletic performance enhancing pill with “secret ingredients developed by a biochemist”. The ad claims that this pill will give you a competitive edge by mobilizing your “sugar reserves” during a race. We analyzed the pill and could only find caffeine and vi ...
Comparative physiological studies on lour species of
... factor in the detection of their oxidation. The influence of low pH can be un derstood in terms of the ionization of the intermediates. It is known that the unionized molecules of weak electrolytes penetrate cells by diffusion more readi ly than the ions ( 1 0) . This account for the differences o ...
... factor in the detection of their oxidation. The influence of low pH can be un derstood in terms of the ionization of the intermediates. It is known that the unionized molecules of weak electrolytes penetrate cells by diffusion more readi ly than the ions ( 1 0) . This account for the differences o ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)