Factors That Influence Microbes in Foods*
... The fourth part of the chapter introduces the physiology and metabolism of foodborne microbes. Because this book does not assume a background in biochemistry, the biochemistry associated with foodborne microbes is introduced. The biochemical pathways used by lactic acid bacteria determine the charac ...
... The fourth part of the chapter introduces the physiology and metabolism of foodborne microbes. Because this book does not assume a background in biochemistry, the biochemistry associated with foodborne microbes is introduced. The biochemical pathways used by lactic acid bacteria determine the charac ...
Unit 8 Lesson 1 - Pembroke Pines Charter Schools > Home
... What are all the levels of organization in the environment? • A population is a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same place. • A species includes organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring. • Individuals within a population often compete wit ...
... What are all the levels of organization in the environment? • A population is a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same place. • A species includes organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring. • Individuals within a population often compete wit ...
electron transport chain
... Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an or ...
... Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an or ...
The ways in which the enzymes catalase and horseradish
... A familiar electronic structure that can be written is the iron(IV) porphyrin f-cation radical that we have seen earlier describes the compounds I of catalase and horseradish peroxidase. Groves has recently isolated and characterized such an iron(IV) porphyrin ir-cation radical from the reactions o ...
... A familiar electronic structure that can be written is the iron(IV) porphyrin f-cation radical that we have seen earlier describes the compounds I of catalase and horseradish peroxidase. Groves has recently isolated and characterized such an iron(IV) porphyrin ir-cation radical from the reactions o ...
NO 2
... Each polypeptide contains two prosthetic groups, an ironsulfur group and a specialized heme. NO3-, high sucrose conc, and light induce the transcription of ...
... Each polypeptide contains two prosthetic groups, an ironsulfur group and a specialized heme. NO3-, high sucrose conc, and light induce the transcription of ...
CHAPTER 7 – COENZYMES AND VITAMINS CHAPTER SUMMARY
... 35. Ubiquinone (coenzyme ___) is lipid soluble and synthesized by almost all species. Its long hydrophobic chain allows it to dissolve into _______________, and its function is the transport of _______________ between membrane-embedded enzyme complexes. 36. Coenzyme Q is responsible for moving _____ ...
... 35. Ubiquinone (coenzyme ___) is lipid soluble and synthesized by almost all species. Its long hydrophobic chain allows it to dissolve into _______________, and its function is the transport of _______________ between membrane-embedded enzyme complexes. 36. Coenzyme Q is responsible for moving _____ ...
Higher Human Biology HW 3
... 29. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A. Slow twitch muscle fibres are good for long distance running because they have fewer mitochondria and greater blood supply than fast twitch muscle fibres. B. Slow twitch muscle fibres are good for long distance running because they have more mito ...
... 29. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A. Slow twitch muscle fibres are good for long distance running because they have fewer mitochondria and greater blood supply than fast twitch muscle fibres. B. Slow twitch muscle fibres are good for long distance running because they have more mito ...
LEC 7 respiration
... Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an or ...
... Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an or ...
Biochemistry II, Test One
... (e) Its free energy of hydrolysis can be used to drive other reactions. T (f) It is synthesized from ADP and Pi in an exergonic reaction. F (g) It contains three phosphoanhydride bonds. F (h) Repulsion between the negatively charged phosphoryl groups is reduced when ATP is hydrolyzed. T (i) Its suga ...
... (e) Its free energy of hydrolysis can be used to drive other reactions. T (f) It is synthesized from ADP and Pi in an exergonic reaction. F (g) It contains three phosphoanhydride bonds. F (h) Repulsion between the negatively charged phosphoryl groups is reduced when ATP is hydrolyzed. T (i) Its suga ...
Amino Acid Biosynthesis Student Companion Ch 24 Self Test
... 10) The branchpoint for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis is chorismate. What is the structure of chorismate? What are the three immediate products derived from chorismate that constitute the first unique steps in the synthesis of the three aromatic amino acids? 11) From where are the two carbons of ...
... 10) The branchpoint for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis is chorismate. What is the structure of chorismate? What are the three immediate products derived from chorismate that constitute the first unique steps in the synthesis of the three aromatic amino acids? 11) From where are the two carbons of ...
Mitochondria
... 10. Matrix enzymes include those that metabolise pyruvate and fatty acids to produce acetylCoA, and those that utilise acetylCoA in the Citric Acid Cycle. Principal end products of this oxidation are CO2 which is released from the cell, and NADH, which is the main source of electrons for transport a ...
... 10. Matrix enzymes include those that metabolise pyruvate and fatty acids to produce acetylCoA, and those that utilise acetylCoA in the Citric Acid Cycle. Principal end products of this oxidation are CO2 which is released from the cell, and NADH, which is the main source of electrons for transport a ...
IIIb
... 5. (12 Pts) Unlike most organs, muscle uses three specific amino acids as energy sources. What are these amino acids (structures)? Choose one and draw its degradation pathway. ...
... 5. (12 Pts) Unlike most organs, muscle uses three specific amino acids as energy sources. What are these amino acids (structures)? Choose one and draw its degradation pathway. ...
The lonely wolves of the microscopic world Rare microbes have a
... as well. This is the conclusion of a team of researchers who have reviewed studies that investigate the role of low-abundance microbes in different ecosystems. This research field is still in its infancy, but rapidly emerging, as study leader Gera Hol (University of Wageningen, NL) explains. "We are ...
... as well. This is the conclusion of a team of researchers who have reviewed studies that investigate the role of low-abundance microbes in different ecosystems. This research field is still in its infancy, but rapidly emerging, as study leader Gera Hol (University of Wageningen, NL) explains. "We are ...
The Gram Reaction and Cell Composition: Nucleic
... low LP in the analyses of the whole cells. The work of Newton (1953)and our own recent unpublished observations show that Gram-negative organisms lose significant amounts of the acidsoluble components when washed in distilled water, whereas Gram-positive organisms generally do not. Since all the org ...
... low LP in the analyses of the whole cells. The work of Newton (1953)and our own recent unpublished observations show that Gram-negative organisms lose significant amounts of the acidsoluble components when washed in distilled water, whereas Gram-positive organisms generally do not. Since all the org ...
The Chemistry of Life
... • Mixture of water and undissolved material • Movement of water keeps undissolved materials suspended so they don’t settle out • When movement of water stops, materials will settle to the bottom • Blood in your body contains solutions and suspensions: • The liquid part of your blood is mostly water ...
... • Mixture of water and undissolved material • Movement of water keeps undissolved materials suspended so they don’t settle out • When movement of water stops, materials will settle to the bottom • Blood in your body contains solutions and suspensions: • The liquid part of your blood is mostly water ...
xcjkhfk
... Nutrition, 2003 50 critically ill adults on CRRT: 1.5 vs 2.0 vs 2.5 g/kg/day. NB related to protein intake. NB related to hospital stay Protein intake 2.5 g/kg/d: improved survival! ...
... Nutrition, 2003 50 critically ill adults on CRRT: 1.5 vs 2.0 vs 2.5 g/kg/day. NB related to protein intake. NB related to hospital stay Protein intake 2.5 g/kg/d: improved survival! ...
Cellular Respiration
... Strictly speaking cell respiration only includes steps 2 & 3 however the so many cells use the products of glycolysis to feed the Citric acid cycle, glycolysis is often included loosely in cell respiration The ETC and chemiosmosis takes place in plasma membrane of bacteria ...
... Strictly speaking cell respiration only includes steps 2 & 3 however the so many cells use the products of glycolysis to feed the Citric acid cycle, glycolysis is often included loosely in cell respiration The ETC and chemiosmosis takes place in plasma membrane of bacteria ...
ATP
... CYCLE Occurs in the stroma. • The Calvin cycle makes sugar from carbon dioxide 1.ATP generated by the light reactions provides the energy for sugar synthesis 2.The NADPH produced by the light reactions provides the electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose. Carbon Dioxide is used to m ...
... CYCLE Occurs in the stroma. • The Calvin cycle makes sugar from carbon dioxide 1.ATP generated by the light reactions provides the energy for sugar synthesis 2.The NADPH produced by the light reactions provides the electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose. Carbon Dioxide is used to m ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)