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Chapter 2
The Chemistry of Life
Ch. 2 Essential Questions
 What is matter?
 Why is water a
special substance?
 How does Carbon
work as a molecule?
 What are reactions
& enzymes?
Question of the Day
 What is Oxygen
Dihydride? Can you
give another name?
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 Water or H2O
The Parts of an Atom
 Nucleus - center of an
atom where protons &
neutrons are
 Proton - positive
charged ion in nucleus
 Neutron - uncharged
ion in nucleus
 Electron - negative
charged ion in motion
around nucleus
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Elements & Isotopes
 Elements - Pure
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Substance (ex.
Hydrogen, Carbon)
 Isotopes - Atoms with
different # of neutrons
(ex. Radiation Uranium 235 & 234)
 Chemical Compounds 2 or more elements
The Periodic Table (Elements)
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Types of Chemical Bonds
 Ionic - electron
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transferred from atom
to another
 Covalent - electron is
shared between 2
atoms
 Van der Waals Forces attraction between
proton of one atom and
electon of another
 Male Bonding - Guys
watching football on
Sunday
Section 2-2 Water
 Why is water unique?
 Less dense as solid(ice)
than liquid (water)
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 Polarity
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so it has attraction
 Hydrogen Bonds
 Cohesion & Adhesion H2O+H2O vs H2O + other
Solutions & Mixtures
 Solutions - dissolved in
water, become
chemically bonded
(KoolAid & H20)
 Mixture - physically
mixed but not
chemically bound
(salad dressing - oil &
vinegar)
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Solutions & Suspensions
 Solutions - have 2
parts:
 Solute (Kool Aid)
 Solvent (Water)
 Suspensions:
 Mixture of small
undissolved pieces
Question of the Day
 What does pH stand
for?
 Potential of
Hydrogen
Game Show: Acid or Base?
 Coke
 Acidic
 Has carbonated H20,
a.k.a. carbonic acid
which is weak pH 3-4
Acid or Base?
 OJ
 The Juice is loose!

100
 Kills you all the same,
acidic
 Citric Acid is main
ingredient, pH 2 0r 3.
Acid or Base?
 Seawater
 Salty, but basic
 pH 8-9
Acid or Base?
 Pine Sol
 It’s a strong base
 Made of ammonia,
pH of 12.5
Acid or Base?
 Tums
 Its basic
 Used to fight upset
stomachs
 Made of MgCO3 which has pH of 10
Acids & Bases
 pH Scale
 1 (Acid) -14 (Basic)
 Acids - lots of H+ ions
(low pH)
 Bases - lots of OH- ions
(high pH)
 Buffers - control big
changes in pH
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Section2-3 Carbon Compounds
 Question of the day:
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 What fossil fuel
(latin) does Carbon
share a name with?
 Charcoal
 Carbon is the basis
of all living things
Macromolecules
 Big molecules
 Monomer-small unit
that joins together
 Polymer- long chains of
monomers
 Good Example:
Polyester from 70s
Food Molecules (Carbon)
 Carbohydrates - used





for immediate energy
Some plants use for
skeleton
Mono & Polysaccarides
Also called starch
Glucose, Fructose,
Sucrose
All the -ose
Lipids
 Store energy
 Needed in Cell Membranes
 Waterproof
 Saturated - single bonds
 Unsaturated - double
bonds
 Made of Glycerol & Fatty
Acid chemicals
Nucleic Acids
 Store and transmit
genetic info
 RNA & DNA
 Basically sugar +
Nitrogen & Phos.
 Made of monomers
called nucleotides
Proteins
 Polymers of amino
acids
 Have nitrogen
 Good for structure
of cells and
converted to sugar
for energy