Most Inhospitable Places on Earth A The
... DHABs, and the interfaces between them are different. Not only that, but different DHABs that the scientists have sampled all have completely different residents. In effect, said Edgcomb, each basin is like an island. With its residents unable to travel through normal seawater to other basins, each ...
... DHABs, and the interfaces between them are different. Not only that, but different DHABs that the scientists have sampled all have completely different residents. In effect, said Edgcomb, each basin is like an island. With its residents unable to travel through normal seawater to other basins, each ...
A2 5.3.1 Ecosystems
... • The best way to get information about a particular ecosystem would be to count every individual of every species. This would take too long so we sample a small part of the ecosystem we are studying • Throwing is not random ...
... • The best way to get information about a particular ecosystem would be to count every individual of every species. This would take too long so we sample a small part of the ecosystem we are studying • Throwing is not random ...
NADH - Cloudfront.net
... • Glycolysis, produces 2 NADH and 2 pyruvic acid, 2 ATP. • One molecule of glucose from glycolysis needs 2 turns of the Krebs to produce: • Summary: 10 NADH, 2 FADH, 4 ATP, 4 CO2. The 10 NADH and 2 FADH (both energy molecules) will drive the next stage of cellular respiration in the Electron Transp ...
... • Glycolysis, produces 2 NADH and 2 pyruvic acid, 2 ATP. • One molecule of glucose from glycolysis needs 2 turns of the Krebs to produce: • Summary: 10 NADH, 2 FADH, 4 ATP, 4 CO2. The 10 NADH and 2 FADH (both energy molecules) will drive the next stage of cellular respiration in the Electron Transp ...
CHEM 30 REDOX
... During this reaction, the reddish-orange dichromate ion changes color to the green chromium ion when it reacts with the alcohol; the degree of the color change is directly related to the level of alcohol in the expelled air. To determine the amount of alcohol in that air, the reacted mixture is comp ...
... During this reaction, the reddish-orange dichromate ion changes color to the green chromium ion when it reacts with the alcohol; the degree of the color change is directly related to the level of alcohol in the expelled air. To determine the amount of alcohol in that air, the reacted mixture is comp ...
Section 2 Oxidation Numbers
... • In general when assigning oxidation numbers, shared electrons are assumed to “belong” to the more electronegative atom in each bond. • More-specific rules are provided by the following guidelines. ...
... • In general when assigning oxidation numbers, shared electrons are assumed to “belong” to the more electronegative atom in each bond. • More-specific rules are provided by the following guidelines. ...
AQA Biology: Energy transfers and changes in
... 5a Root grows towards gravity, shoot grows away from gravity. 5b In both root and shoot, IAA accumulates on side towards gravity; in shoot higher auxin concentration stimulates growth; in root lower auxin concentration stimulates cell elongation; root grows downwards and shoot grows upwards. 6 As ce ...
... 5a Root grows towards gravity, shoot grows away from gravity. 5b In both root and shoot, IAA accumulates on side towards gravity; in shoot higher auxin concentration stimulates growth; in root lower auxin concentration stimulates cell elongation; root grows downwards and shoot grows upwards. 6 As ce ...
Biology 20 Ch 3 Practice Test
... methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen. There was no atmospheric oxygen because it was chemically combined in Earth’s crust in compounds such as iron oxide. Scientists speculate that without life on earth, the composition of the atmosphere would be about 98% carbon dioxide. What bi ...
... methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen. There was no atmospheric oxygen because it was chemically combined in Earth’s crust in compounds such as iron oxide. Scientists speculate that without life on earth, the composition of the atmosphere would be about 98% carbon dioxide. What bi ...
EOCT review powerpoint
... Energy is needed by all organisms to carry out processes. All life on earth depends on the flow of energy. The number one source of this energy is the sun. The process of photosynthesis supports almost all life on Earth directly or indirectly. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a special molecule that ...
... Energy is needed by all organisms to carry out processes. All life on earth depends on the flow of energy. The number one source of this energy is the sun. The process of photosynthesis supports almost all life on Earth directly or indirectly. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a special molecule that ...
Slide 1
... Stroma Reactions • light reactions – electron flow pushes electrons from water (low potential energy) to NAPDH (high potential energy) • so at the end of the light reactions – produced two potential energy sources – ATP – NADPH ...
... Stroma Reactions • light reactions – electron flow pushes electrons from water (low potential energy) to NAPDH (high potential energy) • so at the end of the light reactions – produced two potential energy sources – ATP – NADPH ...
From CO2 to cell: energetic expense of creating biomass using the
... a carbon dioxide molecule as well as the consumption of ATP to regenerate RuBP (Tabita et al. 2008). The rCAC is even more sensitive to oxygen than the CBB. The two oxidoreductases necessary for this pathway (pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase, PFOR and 2-oxoglutarate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase) ar ...
... a carbon dioxide molecule as well as the consumption of ATP to regenerate RuBP (Tabita et al. 2008). The rCAC is even more sensitive to oxygen than the CBB. The two oxidoreductases necessary for this pathway (pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase, PFOR and 2-oxoglutarate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase) ar ...
PART VI
... the use of a catalyst, atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen (usually derived from natural gas or petroleum) is combined to form ammonia (NH3). •Ammonia can be used directly as fertilizer, or further processed to urea and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). ...
... the use of a catalyst, atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen (usually derived from natural gas or petroleum) is combined to form ammonia (NH3). •Ammonia can be used directly as fertilizer, or further processed to urea and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). ...
GLYCOLYSIS UP - Hudson City Schools / Homepage
... • 1. NAD+ to NADH and back to NAD+ • Example: glycolysis, Kreb cycle, ETC • Show when it forms NAD+ to NADH and then loses them at the ETC (LEO goes ...
... • 1. NAD+ to NADH and back to NAD+ • Example: glycolysis, Kreb cycle, ETC • Show when it forms NAD+ to NADH and then loses them at the ETC (LEO goes ...
Cycle Krebs Worksheet - LTE - IB
... Synthetases: Enzymes that catalyze new molecules reactions by joining two existing molecules. This reaction needs energy to be done. Fumarase: Enzyme that add a water molecule. ...
... Synthetases: Enzymes that catalyze new molecules reactions by joining two existing molecules. This reaction needs energy to be done. Fumarase: Enzyme that add a water molecule. ...
The Electron Transport System of Mitochondria
... amino group and is oxidized to alpha-ketoglutarate. Most texts and lecture courses start with glycolysis, then proceed to describe Krebs' cycle as the "next step" in metabolism of sugars. Unfortunately, such a presentation may leave students with the impression that metabolites follow a linear progr ...
... amino group and is oxidized to alpha-ketoglutarate. Most texts and lecture courses start with glycolysis, then proceed to describe Krebs' cycle as the "next step" in metabolism of sugars. Unfortunately, such a presentation may leave students with the impression that metabolites follow a linear progr ...
UNIT I - apbiologypathways
... Atoms can be broken down into smaller components called subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of an atom. They are roughly equal in mass, one atomic mass unit (amu) or Dalton. Protons are positively charged and neutrons are not changed. Elect ...
... Atoms can be broken down into smaller components called subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of an atom. They are roughly equal in mass, one atomic mass unit (amu) or Dalton. Protons are positively charged and neutrons are not changed. Elect ...
Document
... Overall reaction: acetyl-CoA + 3NAD + E-FAD + GDP + P + 2H2O --> CoASH + 3NADH + E-FADH2 + GTP + 2CO2 ...
... Overall reaction: acetyl-CoA + 3NAD + E-FAD + GDP + P + 2H2O --> CoASH + 3NADH + E-FADH2 + GTP + 2CO2 ...
public exam_respiration__R1
... (d) On the diagram: CO2 is released from the steps of pyruvate acid acetyl-CoA & ...
... (d) On the diagram: CO2 is released from the steps of pyruvate acid acetyl-CoA & ...
Grade 10 (SNC 2D)
... A change in community composition following a disturbance is called ecological succession. Ecologists divide successions into two major types: primary succession and secondary succession. Primary succession begins on sites that lack living organism. Secondary succession begins on sites where some or ...
... A change in community composition following a disturbance is called ecological succession. Ecologists divide successions into two major types: primary succession and secondary succession. Primary succession begins on sites that lack living organism. Secondary succession begins on sites where some or ...
Evolution of Metabolisms - Theoretical and Computational
... Closely related organisms use similar pathways: each pair of Neisseria NG, NM, Mycobacteria (ML, MT), and Mycoplasmae (MG, MP) has the same set of pathways. Exceptions are Streptococcae (PN, ST) that are involved in ongoing sequencing projects. Thus, accessible genome data about both organisms are s ...
... Closely related organisms use similar pathways: each pair of Neisseria NG, NM, Mycobacteria (ML, MT), and Mycoplasmae (MG, MP) has the same set of pathways. Exceptions are Streptococcae (PN, ST) that are involved in ongoing sequencing projects. Thus, accessible genome data about both organisms are s ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)