Chapter 18 Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production
... A. coenzyme used in oxidation of carbon-oxygen bonds NAD+ B. reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide FADH2 C. used to transfer acetyl groups Coenzyme A D. oxidized form of flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD E. the coenzyme after C=O bond formation NADH + H+ ...
... A. coenzyme used in oxidation of carbon-oxygen bonds NAD+ B. reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide FADH2 C. used to transfer acetyl groups Coenzyme A D. oxidized form of flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD E. the coenzyme after C=O bond formation NADH + H+ ...
H - Liberty Public Schools
... PROPERTIES electronegative oxygen atom drawing electrons toward itself. Attracts water molecules, helping dissolve organic compounds such as sugars (see Figure 5.3). ...
... PROPERTIES electronegative oxygen atom drawing electrons toward itself. Attracts water molecules, helping dissolve organic compounds such as sugars (see Figure 5.3). ...
Cellular Respiration - Esperanza High School
... • A catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O2) requiring process that uses energy extracted from macromolecules (glucose) to produce energy (ATP) and water (H2O). C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy glucose ...
... • A catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O2) requiring process that uses energy extracted from macromolecules (glucose) to produce energy (ATP) and water (H2O). C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy glucose ...
The genomics and evolution of mutualistic and pathogenic
... • Term typically used for a chronic association of members of more than one genetic lineage, without overt pathogenesis • Often for mutual benefit, which may be easy or difficult to observe – Exchange of nutrients or other metabolic products, protection, transport, structural integrity ...
... • Term typically used for a chronic association of members of more than one genetic lineage, without overt pathogenesis • Often for mutual benefit, which may be easy or difficult to observe – Exchange of nutrients or other metabolic products, protection, transport, structural integrity ...
PHARMACY BIOMEDICAL PREVIEW PROGRAM 2014
... • Also known as the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle and the Kreb’s Cycle. ...
... • Also known as the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle and the Kreb’s Cycle. ...
glycolysis
... What is Glycolysis? Term: from the Greek glykys, meaning “sweet,” And lysis, meaning “splitting”), Glycolysis (a sweet splitting process) is a central pathway for the catabolism of carbohydrates in which the six-carbon sugars are split to three-carbon compounds with subsequent release of energy ...
... What is Glycolysis? Term: from the Greek glykys, meaning “sweet,” And lysis, meaning “splitting”), Glycolysis (a sweet splitting process) is a central pathway for the catabolism of carbohydrates in which the six-carbon sugars are split to three-carbon compounds with subsequent release of energy ...
Slide 1
... NADH through lactic acid fermentation – NADH is oxidized to NAD+ when pyruvate is reduced to lactate – In a sense, pyruvate is serving as an “electron sink,” a place to dispose of the electrons generated by oxidation reactions in glycolysis ...
... NADH through lactic acid fermentation – NADH is oxidized to NAD+ when pyruvate is reduced to lactate – In a sense, pyruvate is serving as an “electron sink,” a place to dispose of the electrons generated by oxidation reactions in glycolysis ...
Explanation of Nitrogen Cycle
... THE NITROGEN CYCLE Nitrogen (N) is an element like carbon. All creatures need nitrogen to survive. There are huge amounts of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere, but most animals and plants have no way of using it. It needs to be fixed (put into a biologically useful compound). After it is fixed, it can ...
... THE NITROGEN CYCLE Nitrogen (N) is an element like carbon. All creatures need nitrogen to survive. There are huge amounts of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere, but most animals and plants have no way of using it. It needs to be fixed (put into a biologically useful compound). After it is fixed, it can ...
Document
... ornithine by ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTCase, reaction 1) yields citrulline. The citrulline ureido group is then activated by reaction with ATP to give a citrullyl-AMP intermediate (reaction 2a); AMP is then displaced by aspartate, which is linked to the carbon framework of citrulline via its aa ...
... ornithine by ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTCase, reaction 1) yields citrulline. The citrulline ureido group is then activated by reaction with ATP to give a citrullyl-AMP intermediate (reaction 2a); AMP is then displaced by aspartate, which is linked to the carbon framework of citrulline via its aa ...
Biology
... What role does the Krebs cycle play in the cell? a. It breaks down glucose and releases its stored energy. b. It releases energy from molecules formed during glycolysis. c. It combines carbon dioxide and water into high-energy molecules. d. It breaks down ATP and NADH, releasing stored energy. Slide ...
... What role does the Krebs cycle play in the cell? a. It breaks down glucose and releases its stored energy. b. It releases energy from molecules formed during glycolysis. c. It combines carbon dioxide and water into high-energy molecules. d. It breaks down ATP and NADH, releasing stored energy. Slide ...
Correlating the microbial community composition of anaerobic digesters to process parameters
... was strongly affected by the source of activated sludge. However, whether they were active is still to be investigated. The analysis also showed that the microbial community was strongly influenced by the mode of operation, resulting in separate clusters for mesophilic reactors, thermophilic reactor ...
... was strongly affected by the source of activated sludge. However, whether they were active is still to be investigated. The analysis also showed that the microbial community was strongly influenced by the mode of operation, resulting in separate clusters for mesophilic reactors, thermophilic reactor ...
Bio130_MidtermReviewPart3
... based on three catabolic pathways that convert glucose to CO2 and gives off energy • Aerobic respiration – glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, respiratory chain • Anaerobic respiration – glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, respiratory chain; molecular oxygen is not the final electron acceptor • Fermentation – g ...
... based on three catabolic pathways that convert glucose to CO2 and gives off energy • Aerobic respiration – glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, respiratory chain • Anaerobic respiration – glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, respiratory chain; molecular oxygen is not the final electron acceptor • Fermentation – g ...
Autotrophic growth on methanol by bacteria isolated from activated
... aminotransferase and ATP-, CoA-dependent malate lyase, or the key enzyme of the ribulose monophosphate cycle, 3-hexulose phosphate synthase. Hydroxypyruvate reductase activity, both NADH- and NADPH-dependent was found; however, its level was similar in methanol- or glucose-grown cells. This suggests ...
... aminotransferase and ATP-, CoA-dependent malate lyase, or the key enzyme of the ribulose monophosphate cycle, 3-hexulose phosphate synthase. Hydroxypyruvate reductase activity, both NADH- and NADPH-dependent was found; however, its level was similar in methanol- or glucose-grown cells. This suggests ...
4.4.1 Respiration
... Krebs Cycle Location: the matrix of the mitochondrion Summary of the Krebs Cycle reactions ...
... Krebs Cycle Location: the matrix of the mitochondrion Summary of the Krebs Cycle reactions ...
Krebs cycle - biology.org.uk
... Krebs cycle The link reaction takes place inside the mitochondrial matrix (the liquid centre of the mitochondrion). The process which follows, Krebs cycle, also takes place here. Krebs cycle consists of a number of reactions which (in one turn of the cycle): produces two molecules of carbon dioxi ...
... Krebs cycle The link reaction takes place inside the mitochondrial matrix (the liquid centre of the mitochondrion). The process which follows, Krebs cycle, also takes place here. Krebs cycle consists of a number of reactions which (in one turn of the cycle): produces two molecules of carbon dioxi ...
Why ATP?
... to another, G for ATP hydrolysis likewise differs among cells. Moreover, in any given cell, G can vary from time to time, depending on the metabolic conditions in the cell and how they influence the concentrations of ATP, ADP, Pi, and H+ (pH). To further complicate the issue, the total concentrati ...
... to another, G for ATP hydrolysis likewise differs among cells. Moreover, in any given cell, G can vary from time to time, depending on the metabolic conditions in the cell and how they influence the concentrations of ATP, ADP, Pi, and H+ (pH). To further complicate the issue, the total concentrati ...
What happened to my cousin Patrick O’Neill?
... lost his ability to make ATP? A: His muscles would not be able to contract. B: His neurons would not be able to conduct electrical signals. C: Both A and B. ...
... lost his ability to make ATP? A: His muscles would not be able to contract. B: His neurons would not be able to conduct electrical signals. C: Both A and B. ...
Work sheet for assignment 13
... _____ Pass the GFP gene to other bacteria if killed in their presence. ...
... _____ Pass the GFP gene to other bacteria if killed in their presence. ...
Exam 3 Quarter 2 Review Sheet
... why they cause a problem. For example, why would DNP be an excellent weight loss drug? 27. It turns out that you need only very small amounts of vitamin B3 (niacin), which is used to make NAD+. The same goes for riboflavin, the vitamin used in the synthesis of FAD. However, you have incredible numbe ...
... why they cause a problem. For example, why would DNP be an excellent weight loss drug? 27. It turns out that you need only very small amounts of vitamin B3 (niacin), which is used to make NAD+. The same goes for riboflavin, the vitamin used in the synthesis of FAD. However, you have incredible numbe ...
chapter 25 tortora
... Catalytic Cycle of an Enzyme 1 Substrates enter active site; enzyme changes shape so its active site embraces the substrates (induced fit). ...
... Catalytic Cycle of an Enzyme 1 Substrates enter active site; enzyme changes shape so its active site embraces the substrates (induced fit). ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)