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Microbiology(Hons)[Paper-IV] - Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira
... b) What are thermoduric microorganisms? c) How does TMAO reduces shelf life of modified atmosphere packaged fish? d) What are the antimicrobial barriers present in egg white? e) Write down the advantages and disadvantages of slow freezing in food preservation. ...
... b) What are thermoduric microorganisms? c) How does TMAO reduces shelf life of modified atmosphere packaged fish? d) What are the antimicrobial barriers present in egg white? e) Write down the advantages and disadvantages of slow freezing in food preservation. ...
2.Carbohydrates - Distance Education Chennai
... follows two different pathways. Pyrimidines are synthesized first from aspartate and carbamoyl-phosphate in the cytoplasm to the common precursor ring structure orotic acid, onto which a phosphorylated ribosyl unit is covalently linked. Purines, however, are first synthesized from the sugar template ...
... follows two different pathways. Pyrimidines are synthesized first from aspartate and carbamoyl-phosphate in the cytoplasm to the common precursor ring structure orotic acid, onto which a phosphorylated ribosyl unit is covalently linked. Purines, however, are first synthesized from the sugar template ...
1. Amino Acids,Peptides, Proteins
... Hormones of Pancreas and Gastrointestinal Tract - The photocopy from the 25th edition 23. Thyroid Hormones and Adrenal Medulla Hormones The photocopy from the 25th edition 24. Cholesterol and Bile Acids Ch. 26. Cholesterol Synthesis, Transport, & Excretion - without chemical structures on Figure ...
... Hormones of Pancreas and Gastrointestinal Tract - The photocopy from the 25th edition 23. Thyroid Hormones and Adrenal Medulla Hormones The photocopy from the 25th edition 24. Cholesterol and Bile Acids Ch. 26. Cholesterol Synthesis, Transport, & Excretion - without chemical structures on Figure ...
Biocatalytic degradation of pollutants
... Researchers in the field of biodegradation are starting to seriously address the possibility of a role for chemotaxis in the biodegradation of pollutants, as indicated by recent reviews [19,20]. Several reports of chemotaxis by specific biodegradative strains to various pollutants and man-made chemi ...
... Researchers in the field of biodegradation are starting to seriously address the possibility of a role for chemotaxis in the biodegradation of pollutants, as indicated by recent reviews [19,20]. Several reports of chemotaxis by specific biodegradative strains to various pollutants and man-made chemi ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... • Areas where sorghum is the main carbohydrate source will also observe niacin deficiency if niacin uptake is not being watched carefully. • Sorghum contains large amount of leucine, which will inhibit quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase (QPRT), an enzyme involved in NAD+ biosynthesis from trypto ...
... • Areas where sorghum is the main carbohydrate source will also observe niacin deficiency if niacin uptake is not being watched carefully. • Sorghum contains large amount of leucine, which will inhibit quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase (QPRT), an enzyme involved in NAD+ biosynthesis from trypto ...
METABOLIC PATHWAYS Section 6 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF
... d. dihydroxyacetone phosphate converts to 3 phospho-glyceraldehyde with an overall result to convert to two identical three carbon molecules e. 1, 3 diphosphoglycerate forms 2 phosphoglyceric acid and transfers a phosphate radical to ADP forming ATP f. phosphoenolpruvate form pyruvic acid and forms ...
... d. dihydroxyacetone phosphate converts to 3 phospho-glyceraldehyde with an overall result to convert to two identical three carbon molecules e. 1, 3 diphosphoglycerate forms 2 phosphoglyceric acid and transfers a phosphate radical to ADP forming ATP f. phosphoenolpruvate form pyruvic acid and forms ...
Cellular Respiration Review
... What are the number and type of input molecules for glycolysis? What molecule gets reduced during glycolysis? What molecule gets oxidized during glycolysis? What are the number and type of output molecules for glycolysis? How is each output molecule from glycolysis used? What is the net gain of ATP ...
... What are the number and type of input molecules for glycolysis? What molecule gets reduced during glycolysis? What molecule gets oxidized during glycolysis? What are the number and type of output molecules for glycolysis? How is each output molecule from glycolysis used? What is the net gain of ATP ...
9.1 REDOX Introduction to Oxidation and Reduction
... So when we talk to someone about, say, ‘Iron Oxide., we also have to tell them is the iron’s oxidation number +2, +3 etc…………. ...
... So when we talk to someone about, say, ‘Iron Oxide., we also have to tell them is the iron’s oxidation number +2, +3 etc…………. ...
Rest to Exercise Transition
... exercise – Resulted in oxygen deficit – Body borrowed on its energy reserves – Extra oxygen consumed (above rest) during recovery-oxygen debt Oxygen debt was then used as a measure of anaerobic metabolism during exercise – Inadequate for estimating anaerobic metabolism during exercise ...
... exercise – Resulted in oxygen deficit – Body borrowed on its energy reserves – Extra oxygen consumed (above rest) during recovery-oxygen debt Oxygen debt was then used as a measure of anaerobic metabolism during exercise – Inadequate for estimating anaerobic metabolism during exercise ...
Nitrogen Cycle Process www.AssignmentPoint.com The nitrogen
... Plants can absorb nitrate or nitrite from the soil via their root hairs. If nitrate is absorbed, it is first reduced to nitrite ions and then ammonium ions for incorporation into amino acids, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll. In plants that have a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia, some nitrogen is ...
... Plants can absorb nitrate or nitrite from the soil via their root hairs. If nitrate is absorbed, it is first reduced to nitrite ions and then ammonium ions for incorporation into amino acids, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll. In plants that have a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia, some nitrogen is ...
Integration of Metabolism
... Citric acid cycle: Acetyl CoA is the common metabolite, produced from different fuel sources. It enters citric acid cycle and gets oxidized to CO2. Most of the energy is trapped in the form of NADH and FADH2. Oxidative phosphorylation: The NADH and FADH2, produced in different metabolic pathways, a ...
... Citric acid cycle: Acetyl CoA is the common metabolite, produced from different fuel sources. It enters citric acid cycle and gets oxidized to CO2. Most of the energy is trapped in the form of NADH and FADH2. Oxidative phosphorylation: The NADH and FADH2, produced in different metabolic pathways, a ...
Metabolism Review - Brookings School District
... Essential knowledge 2.A.1: b 3. Energetically favorable exergonic reactions, such as ATP®ADP, that have a negative change in free energy can be used to maintain or increase order in a system by being coupled with reactions that have a positive free energy change. ...
... Essential knowledge 2.A.1: b 3. Energetically favorable exergonic reactions, such as ATP®ADP, that have a negative change in free energy can be used to maintain or increase order in a system by being coupled with reactions that have a positive free energy change. ...
... is similar to that of the two acyl chains, thus they pack to form an extended two-dimensional array of molecules. C. The CMC is the highest concentration of free fatty acids that can be obtained in solution before micelles form (+4 pts). Palmitic acid is more non-polar than butyric acid, so it will ...
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O • The reactants in photosynthesis are the same as the products of cellular respiration. ...
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O • The reactants in photosynthesis are the same as the products of cellular respiration. ...
Organic Compounds
... • “R” groups interact with their neighbors and with solvent • Amino acid chain folds and twists into complex shape • Final shape determines function • High fever distorts shape • Distorted proteins don’t work Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... • “R” groups interact with their neighbors and with solvent • Amino acid chain folds and twists into complex shape • Final shape determines function • High fever distorts shape • Distorted proteins don’t work Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Carbohydrate
... Our laboratory is centered on the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the endomembrane structures and functions by use of con-focal microscopy and analyzing protein dynamics in living cells. We are also interested in the roles of intracellular organelles involved in physiological and path ...
... Our laboratory is centered on the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the endomembrane structures and functions by use of con-focal microscopy and analyzing protein dynamics in living cells. We are also interested in the roles of intracellular organelles involved in physiological and path ...
8th Grade Chapter 18 Interactions Within Ecosystems
... replacing wildlife habitats with buildings, roads, farms, and mines. • Humans’ use of energy resources such as coal and natural gas can create pollutants that affect plant and animal life in the air, the water, and on land. ...
... replacing wildlife habitats with buildings, roads, farms, and mines. • Humans’ use of energy resources such as coal and natural gas can create pollutants that affect plant and animal life in the air, the water, and on land. ...
ecosystem - Cloudfront.net
... • These organisms are called autotrophs: – Autotrophs use energy from the environment to fuel the assembly of simple inorganic compounds into complex organic molecules – These organic molecules combine and recombine to produce living tissue – Because they make their own food, autotrophs are also cal ...
... • These organisms are called autotrophs: – Autotrophs use energy from the environment to fuel the assembly of simple inorganic compounds into complex organic molecules – These organic molecules combine and recombine to produce living tissue – Because they make their own food, autotrophs are also cal ...
Citric acid cycle ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN AND
... 6.6 Redox reactions release energy when electrons “fall” from a hydrogen carrier to oxygen • NADH delivers electrons to a series of electron carriers in an electron transport chain – As electrons move from carrier to carrier, their energy is released in small quantities ...
... 6.6 Redox reactions release energy when electrons “fall” from a hydrogen carrier to oxygen • NADH delivers electrons to a series of electron carriers in an electron transport chain – As electrons move from carrier to carrier, their energy is released in small quantities ...
Biochemistry Note
... - animals store glucose as glycogen in muscle cells, liver cells, and certain types of white cells - when blood glucose levels drop, certain hormones (e.g. glucagon) are released which cause stored glycogen to be broken down into glucose which can then be used by the cells ...
... - animals store glucose as glycogen in muscle cells, liver cells, and certain types of white cells - when blood glucose levels drop, certain hormones (e.g. glucagon) are released which cause stored glycogen to be broken down into glucose which can then be used by the cells ...
Living organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic
... Most of the energy from the glucose is still contained in the pyruvate. ...
... Most of the energy from the glucose is still contained in the pyruvate. ...
supplementary material
... assay was performed at 340 nm in Tris buffer (100 mM Tris, pH 8.0). The reaction mixture contained 0.25 mM NADH, 10 mM NH4Cl and 2 mM MgADP as an activator, and the reaction was initiated by adding 2 mM alpha-ketoglutaric acid. 2. Determination of metabolite concentrations to follow fluxes. To two v ...
... assay was performed at 340 nm in Tris buffer (100 mM Tris, pH 8.0). The reaction mixture contained 0.25 mM NADH, 10 mM NH4Cl and 2 mM MgADP as an activator, and the reaction was initiated by adding 2 mM alpha-ketoglutaric acid. 2. Determination of metabolite concentrations to follow fluxes. To two v ...
Energy Systems
... ATP is produced very slowly by the Aerobic System, it is very sluggish compared to the CP & Lactic Acid Systems. ...
... ATP is produced very slowly by the Aerobic System, it is very sluggish compared to the CP & Lactic Acid Systems. ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)