CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... 2. During the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate. There are three major ways in which different cells handle pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis. These are lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation and aerobic respiration. Fermentation takes place under anaerobic ...
... 2. During the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate. There are three major ways in which different cells handle pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis. These are lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation and aerobic respiration. Fermentation takes place under anaerobic ...
nitrogen overload
... Like carbon, nitrogen passes along food chains and circulates between abiotic and biotic parts of the environment. This is called the nitrogen cycle. ...
... Like carbon, nitrogen passes along food chains and circulates between abiotic and biotic parts of the environment. This is called the nitrogen cycle. ...
Second Half of Glycolysis
... Here again is a potential limiting factor for this pathway. The continuation of the reaction depends upon the availability of the oxidized form of the electron carrier, NAD+. Thus, NADH must be continuously oxidized back into NAD+ in order to keep this step going. If NAD+ is not available, the secon ...
... Here again is a potential limiting factor for this pathway. The continuation of the reaction depends upon the availability of the oxidized form of the electron carrier, NAD+. Thus, NADH must be continuously oxidized back into NAD+ in order to keep this step going. If NAD+ is not available, the secon ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which – an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and – ATP is formed. ...
... ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which – an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and – ATP is formed. ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: AEROBIC HARVESTING OF ENERGY
... – is an important enzyme in oxidizing glucose, – accepts electrons, and – becomes reduced to NADH. ...
... – is an important enzyme in oxidizing glucose, – accepts electrons, and – becomes reduced to NADH. ...
Krebs cycle - Groby Bio Page
... 2 Idea that it is used to link reactions (1); idea that energy is released as a result of the activity of one enzyme and used by another enzyme (1). ...
... 2 Idea that it is used to link reactions (1); idea that energy is released as a result of the activity of one enzyme and used by another enzyme (1). ...
IV. Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
... In the 1980’s, ICI (UK) developed a high-density fermentation and downstream process for the production and recovery of Biopol (the trade name used for the range of polymers manufactured by ICI). The process ...
... In the 1980’s, ICI (UK) developed a high-density fermentation and downstream process for the production and recovery of Biopol (the trade name used for the range of polymers manufactured by ICI). The process ...
Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds
... The three oxygen atoms have oxidation states of ⫺6 total, and because the algebraic sum of the oxidation states in a neutral compound must be zero, the two nitrogen atoms must have oxidation states of ⫹6 total, therefore ⫹3 each. nitrogen(III) oxide ...
... The three oxygen atoms have oxidation states of ⫺6 total, and because the algebraic sum of the oxidation states in a neutral compound must be zero, the two nitrogen atoms must have oxidation states of ⫹6 total, therefore ⫹3 each. nitrogen(III) oxide ...
H 2 O
... • Died-August 1, 1970 in Berlin, Germany • He won a Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine for his Warburg effect in 1931. ...
... • Died-August 1, 1970 in Berlin, Germany • He won a Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine for his Warburg effect in 1931. ...
Chapter 25: Metabolism
... – Peptide bonds broken amino acids (AAs) – Free AAs used in new proteins ...
... – Peptide bonds broken amino acids (AAs) – Free AAs used in new proteins ...
Cellular respiration
... – Fats are excellent sources of energy – Serve as major energy-storage molecule in animals ...
... – Fats are excellent sources of energy – Serve as major energy-storage molecule in animals ...
- Circle of Docs
... 39. Glutathione peroxidase is an enzyme in various redox reactions which serves to destroy peroxides and free radicals and requires which mineral as a cofactor? a. Zinc b. Selenium c. Iron d. Chromium ...
... 39. Glutathione peroxidase is an enzyme in various redox reactions which serves to destroy peroxides and free radicals and requires which mineral as a cofactor? a. Zinc b. Selenium c. Iron d. Chromium ...
Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is
... • The role of O2: most of the ATP is formed by oxidative phosphorylation, which is due to the reoxidation of NADH. • Some bacteria and archaea use other electron acceptors. – Geobacter metallireducens can use iron (Fe3+) or uranium, making it potentially useful in environmental cleanup. ...
... • The role of O2: most of the ATP is formed by oxidative phosphorylation, which is due to the reoxidation of NADH. • Some bacteria and archaea use other electron acceptors. – Geobacter metallireducens can use iron (Fe3+) or uranium, making it potentially useful in environmental cleanup. ...
University of Groningen The influence of peptide structure on
... expressions have been proposed. The LDA approximation gives acceptable results for simple metals, but not for complex molecules in which electron densities are not uniform. A better approximation is the generalized gradient approximation, in which the local density is supplemented by its generalized ...
... expressions have been proposed. The LDA approximation gives acceptable results for simple metals, but not for complex molecules in which electron densities are not uniform. A better approximation is the generalized gradient approximation, in which the local density is supplemented by its generalized ...
AP Biology Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Guided Notes
... energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate • _________________ (“splitting of sugar”) breaks down glucose into two molecules of ___________ • Glycolysis occurs in the ______________ and has ...
... energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate • _________________ (“splitting of sugar”) breaks down glucose into two molecules of ___________ • Glycolysis occurs in the ______________ and has ...
Classification Ecosystem Energy Relationships Human Impact Kick
... Modern Classification Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms. Scientists who name and classify organisms are called taxonomists. Like Linnaeus, modern scientists use details in the internal and external structures of organisms to classify them. They also study fossils, hereditar ...
... Modern Classification Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms. Scientists who name and classify organisms are called taxonomists. Like Linnaeus, modern scientists use details in the internal and external structures of organisms to classify them. They also study fossils, hereditar ...
State a significant event that occurs during each of the following
... Which phase of aerobic respiration occurs in cytosol? glycolysis What is consumed during this process? glucose What is produced during this process? 2ATP, 2NADH, 2 Pyruvate 4B (5 pts) Which phase of aerobic respiration occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion? Krebs cycle What is consumed during th ...
... Which phase of aerobic respiration occurs in cytosol? glycolysis What is consumed during this process? glucose What is produced during this process? 2ATP, 2NADH, 2 Pyruvate 4B (5 pts) Which phase of aerobic respiration occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion? Krebs cycle What is consumed during th ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Composed of fatty acids and glycerol Source of stored energy ...
... Composed of fatty acids and glycerol Source of stored energy ...
Document
... • cycles of each element differ (chemistry, rates, pools, fluxes, interactions) • cycling is important because it can affect many other aspects of the environment and the quality of our lives ...
... • cycles of each element differ (chemistry, rates, pools, fluxes, interactions) • cycling is important because it can affect many other aspects of the environment and the quality of our lives ...
幻灯片 1
... Most of bacteria are single, few of the bacteria are held together as pairs, long chains or clusters. Most of the plant pathogenic bacteria are bacilliform, the sizes are 0.5-0.8µm×1-3µm ; a few of the bacteria are globular. ...
... Most of bacteria are single, few of the bacteria are held together as pairs, long chains or clusters. Most of the plant pathogenic bacteria are bacilliform, the sizes are 0.5-0.8µm×1-3µm ; a few of the bacteria are globular. ...
7 | cellular respiration
... stores this energy in its chemical bonds. Then, a series of metabolic pathways, collectively called cellular respiration, extracts the energy from the bonds in glucose and converts it into a form that all living things can use—both producers, such as plants, and consumers, such as animals. ...
... stores this energy in its chemical bonds. Then, a series of metabolic pathways, collectively called cellular respiration, extracts the energy from the bonds in glucose and converts it into a form that all living things can use—both producers, such as plants, and consumers, such as animals. ...
Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, Peroxisomes - Beck-Shop
... [wird aufgeteilt] to create proton gradients. These proton gradients drive the rotary [rotierend] ATP synthase (see Fig. 8-5) to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used as energy currency to power the cell. Peroxisomes contain no genes and depend entirely on nuclear genes to encode their pr ...
... [wird aufgeteilt] to create proton gradients. These proton gradients drive the rotary [rotierend] ATP synthase (see Fig. 8-5) to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used as energy currency to power the cell. Peroxisomes contain no genes and depend entirely on nuclear genes to encode their pr ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)