Strategies for the selection of reference organisms in environmental
... In current regulatory practice concern for protection of the environment from potential adverse effects of radiation exposure has typically been addressed through reliance on the assumption that protection of humans wilt result in adequate protection of the environment [1]. This standpoint has been ...
... In current regulatory practice concern for protection of the environment from potential adverse effects of radiation exposure has typically been addressed through reliance on the assumption that protection of humans wilt result in adequate protection of the environment [1]. This standpoint has been ...
ATP
... • Acetyl CoA carries acetyl groups, 2carbon remnants of the nutrients • Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle – Electrons and hydrogen atoms are harvested – Acetyl group is oxidized to produce CO2 – Electrons and hydrogen atoms harvested are used to produce ATP during oxidative phosphorylation ...
... • Acetyl CoA carries acetyl groups, 2carbon remnants of the nutrients • Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle – Electrons and hydrogen atoms are harvested – Acetyl group is oxidized to produce CO2 – Electrons and hydrogen atoms harvested are used to produce ATP during oxidative phosphorylation ...
Exam2_2012 final key - (canvas.brown.edu).
... mammalian liver? A) alanine B) glutamate C) palmitate D) pyruvate Circle the correct answer 23. [5 points] In the spaces below, write the correct terms missing in the figure to the right. A) ___β oxidation_______________________ B) ___acetyl-CoA_______________________ C) ___citric acid cycle________ ...
... mammalian liver? A) alanine B) glutamate C) palmitate D) pyruvate Circle the correct answer 23. [5 points] In the spaces below, write the correct terms missing in the figure to the right. A) ___β oxidation_______________________ B) ___acetyl-CoA_______________________ C) ___citric acid cycle________ ...
Document
... phosphate between two substrates – Net gain of two ATP molecules, two molecules of NADH, and precursor metabolite pyruvic acid ...
... phosphate between two substrates – Net gain of two ATP molecules, two molecules of NADH, and precursor metabolite pyruvic acid ...
Chap 9 Redox Review Q`s
... (ii) State the products formed and give equations showing the reactions at each electrode. ...
... (ii) State the products formed and give equations showing the reactions at each electrode. ...
Enter Legible BANNER ID: B 0 0 __ __ __ __ __ __ DO NOT WRITE
... mammalian liver? A) alanine B) glutamate C) palmitate D) pyruvate Circle the correct answer 23. [5 points] In the spaces below, write the correct terms missing in the figure to the right. A) ___β oxidation_______________________ B) ___acetyl-CoA_______________________ C) ___citric acid cycle________ ...
... mammalian liver? A) alanine B) glutamate C) palmitate D) pyruvate Circle the correct answer 23. [5 points] In the spaces below, write the correct terms missing in the figure to the right. A) ___β oxidation_______________________ B) ___acetyl-CoA_______________________ C) ___citric acid cycle________ ...
Document
... mitochondria. The 2 pyruvates are converted to acetyl–CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle. CO2 forms and leaves the cell. 2 ATP form. During the reactions, 8 NAD+ and 2 FAD pick up electrons and hydrogen ions, so 8 NADH and 2 FADH2 also form. C The third and final stage, electron ...
... mitochondria. The 2 pyruvates are converted to acetyl–CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle. CO2 forms and leaves the cell. 2 ATP form. During the reactions, 8 NAD+ and 2 FAD pick up electrons and hydrogen ions, so 8 NADH and 2 FADH2 also form. C The third and final stage, electron ...
AP Bio Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration 1. What is the term for
... 5. When a molecule of NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a hydrogen ion) the molecule becomes a. hydrogenated. b. oxidized. c. reduced. d. redoxed. e. a reducing agent. 6. The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by a. substrate-level phosphorylation. b. electron t ...
... 5. When a molecule of NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a hydrogen ion) the molecule becomes a. hydrogenated. b. oxidized. c. reduced. d. redoxed. e. a reducing agent. 6. The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by a. substrate-level phosphorylation. b. electron t ...
Biologically Induced Mineralization by Bacteria
... be grouped into two canonical modes: 1) biologically induced mineralization (BIM) and 2) biologically controlled mineralization (BCM) (Lowenstam 1981; Lowenstam and Weiner 1989). In this chapter, we focus on biologically induced mineralization. Minerals that form by biologically induced mineralizati ...
... be grouped into two canonical modes: 1) biologically induced mineralization (BIM) and 2) biologically controlled mineralization (BCM) (Lowenstam 1981; Lowenstam and Weiner 1989). In this chapter, we focus on biologically induced mineralization. Minerals that form by biologically induced mineralizati ...
Standard Gibbs Free Energy Changes of Enzyme Reactions in
... Gibbs free energies of functional groups in aqueous solution were also taken from [3]. According to Mavrovouniotis's method[4], we then calculated the standard Gibbs free energy changes of 215 enzyme reactions taken from the ENZYME section of the LIGAND database, using the Gibbs free energies of the ...
... Gibbs free energies of functional groups in aqueous solution were also taken from [3]. According to Mavrovouniotis's method[4], we then calculated the standard Gibbs free energy changes of 215 enzyme reactions taken from the ENZYME section of the LIGAND database, using the Gibbs free energies of the ...
CH # 2-3
... Carbon atoms can also bond to each other, which gives carbon the ability to form millions of different large and complex structures. Carbon-carbon bonds can be single, double, or triple covalent bonds. Chains of carbon atoms can even close up on themselves to form rings. ...
... Carbon atoms can also bond to each other, which gives carbon the ability to form millions of different large and complex structures. Carbon-carbon bonds can be single, double, or triple covalent bonds. Chains of carbon atoms can even close up on themselves to form rings. ...
Lesson Overview
... made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms and are generally not soluble in water. The common categories of lipids are fats, oils, and waxes. Lipids can be used to store energy. Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings. Steroids synthesized by the body are lip ...
... made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms and are generally not soluble in water. The common categories of lipids are fats, oils, and waxes. Lipids can be used to store energy. Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings. Steroids synthesized by the body are lip ...
Chapter 4
... and rock) Biosphere (living and dead organisms) Lithosphere Hydrosphere (crust, top of upper mantle) (water) ...
... and rock) Biosphere (living and dead organisms) Lithosphere Hydrosphere (crust, top of upper mantle) (water) ...
LiMA overview
... of detecting low numbers of organisms and diminishes any inhibition of the PCR. In contrast, direct PCR can only amplify a portion of the extracted material which may or may not contain enough target to be detected (a single organism and its genome can only be detected if it ends up in the PCR). • L ...
... of detecting low numbers of organisms and diminishes any inhibition of the PCR. In contrast, direct PCR can only amplify a portion of the extracted material which may or may not contain enough target to be detected (a single organism and its genome can only be detected if it ends up in the PCR). • L ...
Unit 04 Lecture Notes - Roderick Anatomy and Physiology
... • I can explain how enzymes and substrates interact to speed up chemical reactions. • I can explain how enzymes and substrates are specific. • I can list 4 factors that alter (denature) enzymes • I can give examples of cofactors and describe its function. ...
... • I can explain how enzymes and substrates interact to speed up chemical reactions. • I can explain how enzymes and substrates are specific. • I can list 4 factors that alter (denature) enzymes • I can give examples of cofactors and describe its function. ...
103 final review worksheet
... 94. Draw a diagram of ATP synthase, showing the two subunits, F0 an F1. Show where the protein crosses the intermitochondrial membrane and label the intermembrane space and the matrix. Show where the protons enter, where they leave and where the ATP is synthesized. ...
... 94. Draw a diagram of ATP synthase, showing the two subunits, F0 an F1. Show where the protein crosses the intermitochondrial membrane and label the intermembrane space and the matrix. Show where the protons enter, where they leave and where the ATP is synthesized. ...
fatty acid oxid final
... FATTY ACID OXIDATION •Explain fatty acid oxidation •Illustrate regulation of fatty acid oxidation with reference to its clinical disorders ...
... FATTY ACID OXIDATION •Explain fatty acid oxidation •Illustrate regulation of fatty acid oxidation with reference to its clinical disorders ...
Ch. 37
... substances, making them available to other organisms bacteria and fungi are the principal decomposers in land ...
... substances, making them available to other organisms bacteria and fungi are the principal decomposers in land ...
... acetyl CoA cannot be used to produce pyruvate which could be used, via gluconeogenesis, to produce glucose. 12. (14 pts) Pick any coordinately regulated step in glucogen or glucose metabolism and briefly describe (use the back of the previous page if you need additional room): i) How it is regulated ...
Unit 3 (Bioenergetics) Objectives and Essay Samples
... Explain how enzymes perform their function. o Describe the role of coenzymes, cofactors, activators and inhibitors in regulating enzyme activity. o Identify optimal conditions for enzyme activity. o Explain how differing conditions might change the ability of an enzyme to function. o Identify condit ...
... Explain how enzymes perform their function. o Describe the role of coenzymes, cofactors, activators and inhibitors in regulating enzyme activity. o Identify optimal conditions for enzyme activity. o Explain how differing conditions might change the ability of an enzyme to function. o Identify condit ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)